 In this module, we will discuss types of genetic variations. We saw in previous modules that genetic variations can have many reasons for this. Due to this, there can be mutations. Due to this, there can be genetic recombination. Due to this, there can be genetic drift or migration. Now, there are many variations in male and female. That is, sexual dimorphism is found in the organisms. For example, in male and female, the character is varying. Some characters are like this, although male and female are present in both, but they are more prominent in one sex. Now, there are two types of sex characters. One is primary sex characters and the other is secondary sex characters. Primary sex characters are such characters whose direct connection with sexual reproduction. Such as geritalia, gonads, ovaries. However, secondary sex characters are such characters whose male and female are separated from their mother. Their direct connection with reproduction is not there. Generally, secondary sex characters are seen when an individual is becoming an adult. However, primary sex characters are biberth. Now, there are many individuals who resemble each other morphologically. On the basis of morphological traits, it is difficult to differentiate them on the basis of morphology. However, with the help of primary sex characters, we can separate them from the male or female. Similarly, we can differentiate the secondary sex characters on the basis of this. If we talk about secondary sex characters, the bird of paradise, the hummingbird or the duck, there are striking differences in male and female. Due to this difference, for many years, male and female individuals were considered separate species. Until ecologists and researchers proved that these individuals belong to the same species. A celebrated example of this is the king parrot. If we look at the examples of king parrot, male has a green color and its bell has an orange color. If we look at the female of this parrot, its color is red and its bell is black. In 1776, they were discovered as different species. For almost 100 years, the male and female individuals who belonged to the same species were considered different species. Until 1873, ecologists and researchers concluded that these individuals have different species on the basis of their differences. Due to this, sexual dimorphism is the difference in their color. But basically, these individuals belong to the same species. Due to this, sexual dimorphism is considered different species. But after a detailed study, we come to know that these individuals belong to the same species. These are genetic variations.