 Towards the synthesis of structuralists, rationalists and culturalists framework is today's topic of our discussion for this session. So the debate on reference points of social movements mainly revolves around various school of thoughts. They have their own perspectives and they all pre-schools of thought. They have some common grounds and they try to explain their baselines regarding the evolution of social movements. But they are segregated on some specific issues, specifically regarding the insufficient explaining of the initial start of social movements that why and how social movements got importance in the field of political sociology and why we try to understand these social movements when they have their specific approaches and every social movement has its own specific logic and reasoning. So it is important to understand the baseline of these school of thoughts and where and how they are different from each other. It is an interesting question to answer through this discussion. Because they are basically the three paradigms, although they have some common grounds but still they are different from each other. So when we want to talk about the expanding political opportunities and threats and the mobilizing structures and using their all debate regarding the social movements, the approach regarding the institutionally organized and or unorganized groups for participation in politics, that is the point that in all these three school of thoughts they believe that when people they have their some specific interest or that interest when it matches with each other on some areas or on some perspectives of point of views, then normally these movements they initiate. Then the elite contention among political leaders, sometimes the important point is that the leaders, the elites, they are having variety and various contradictory opinions regarding a specific issue. So when this controversy arises, then they try to mobilize the people in favor of their own perspective. So these contradictions, these variety of opinions, they mobilize the social organizations to support a special or specific purpose or a popular perspective. In this situation, when the elite or the leaders have their own perspective and they are mobilizing the people to promote their own perspective, then they usually start their own way of thinking, so all these school of thought, their consensus is that every way of thinking, whether it is on a specific topic, on a political issue, on a specific topic, it is necessary for the people to have a group of people, on a specific topic, on a leader or an elite opinion, on a consensus or a leader, their opinion is so strong that people are trying to encourage themselves to follow them. Similarly, another important point is that sometimes the social and psychological issues are also related to collective actions, that is, people are very tired of a specific situation. That situation can be expensive, that situation can be contrary to any other policy of the government, on which people are worried, people are tired, now for some other purpose a leader has stated that an elite has brought people together and convinced the public opinion. Now, the problem was different, whether it was psychological, social, or against a foundation, but people have used one platform to express their emotions. In that platform, the action that will be carried out will be given to the leader, a particular organization, but people got the opportunity to express their emotions, and people chose this path.