 Hello everybody! Andrea here with Dental L Tutoring. Welcome to my channel if you haven't been here yet, and hello to those who have been watching me for a while. In this video we're going to go over some case studies, specifically on oral pathology. So when I teach my students, I do tell them you should try to learn as much of the material first, so in this case, oral pathology. And then to test your knowledge, if you've retained that information how you should, then you should do mock exams and case studies. A mock exam are basic questions. So they're questions with multiple choice answers and you have to pick the best one. But case studies have that too, but also critical thinking is involved. So it's not just, you know, what color are my eyes? You know, there's going to be critical thinking involved. So you need to know the different colors of different people's eyes. Sounds confusing, right? But don't worry, I'm going to make case case studies very easy for you. So let's go through a couple examples. And if you want more case studies, I do highly recommend signing up for my VIP Board Exam Prep Academy, where you get case studies every single week, just like this one. But I do also have separate case studies if you like, if you don't want to sign up for the whole course. Case studies will truly test to see if you're confident enough to pass the board exam. So I highly recommend them. So let me share my screen here. We're going to go over, I'm going to do a couple case studies with you. So this one specifically is a case studies, oral pathology one, sorry, oral pathology one. But let me just go over a couple with you so you have an idea of what a really good case study is. So I'm going to read it to you and then let's go over them together. So a 45 year old male patient presents with a persistent non-healing ulcer on the lateral border of the tongue. The patient has a history of smoking for 20 years. Which of the following conditions is most likely associated with these findings? Is it A, oral candidiasis? Is it B, oral lichen planus? Is it C, oral squamous cell carcinoma? And D, is it alpha stomatitis? Pardon me. So what you want to remember with case studies? And I should say feel free to pause the video if you don't want to hear me talk right now and you just want to think about the case study. But what you need to remember with case studies is as you're going through it, it's not just a simple answer, right? There's many different points to this question. The patient is a male and is aged 45. So it's not a young child. This might help you. And it's a persistent non-healing ulcer, meaning it keeps coming back on the lateral border of the tongue. What do we know about the lateral border of the tongue? Are we not going to be worried about it because of the location or are we going to be more worried about it? And then the patient has a history of smoking for 20 years. That's a long time. So which of the following conditions is most likely associated with everything I just mentioned? So what I suggest doing as well is going through every answer and saying to yourself, okay, what do I know about oral candidiasis? And then do the same thing for B. What do I know about oral lichen planus? And then for C and then for D. And then come up with the best answer. When you're taking the board exam, you might not have that much time. But when you're studying and doing case studies, you do have the time. So let's go over the answers now. So C is the best answer. Oral squamous cell carcinoma. And I have left a rationale here for you. The persistence of or sorry, the presence of a persistent non-healing ulcer on the lateral border of the tongue and the patient with the history of smoking is highly suggested of oral squamous cell carcinoma, which is strongly associated with tobacco use. The other options listed are not typically associated with smoking or present with different clinical features. Therefore, the correct choice is C. So I like to also leave the rationale for you because without the rationale, you might not understand why C is the best answer. Inside my VIP Board Exam Prep Academy, we go through all of this too. And you have a chance to ask questions because sorry, guys, I was just changing my screen here. You'll have a chance to ask questions because you might see, okay, C is the right answer. Oral squamous cell carcinoma. But Andrea, why? Why wasn't it A? Because this is what I thought about A. And then I could start to correct you and say, well, you thought this about A, which is oral candidiasis. But that's not true because of this and this. And then the light bulb goes off. So it's really nice to be able to study case studies and practice them with somebody else. It's even better if you can to practice them with a tutor who has been doing this for 18 years. So go through case studies either by yourself. But I do suggest doing it with a team, with other friends of yours, or if you're part of the program, then I do it with you. Would you guys like to go over another one? You probably do, right? So let me go back to my screen here. And let's go over another one for you. So this one is a 50 year old female patient presents with red and white patches on the oral mucosa, along with a burning sensation. The patient has been a heavy smoker for the past 30 years. So this one happens to be about smoking as well, which of the following conditions is most likely associated with these findings. So we actually have very similar answers. So A, B, C, or D. What do you guys think? I'll give you a second to think about it. Feel free to pause the video. I'm going to now explain it for you. So switching on here. So the correct answer is oral leukoplakia. So the presence of red and white patches on the oral mucosa, along with a burning sensation in the patient with a long history of heavy smoking is highly suggestive of oral leukoplakia. It is a potentially malignant condition associated with tobacco use. The other options listed may present with the different clinical features or have alternative ideologies. Therefore, the correct answer choice is C. So do you guys see how that works here? You don't only have to know like your answer, but it's best to really check the other answers in that question to really determine, okay, I need to pick the best answer. What do I know about these other answers and which is the best guess that I can give. So I teach you guys all of that inside the Board Exam Prep Academy. Definitely have a look. But like I said, I'm going to leave the links down below for you. If you don't want to invest in a full tutoring course, but maybe you want to take some case study. So I do sell them separately as well, the most popular ones. But if you want all the case studies on all the topics, the VIP Board Exam Prep Academy is where it's at because you'll have everything plus tutoring with me like this where I go over the questions with you and we talk about it. So let me know you guys if you have any questions about oral pathology and I'll talk to you very soon. Please click like if you like this video and I'll see you in the next one.