 Kytosan is a biopolymer derived from chytin, which is found in the exoskeleton of arthropods, cell walls of fungi, and other organisms. It has gained significant attention due to its potential applications in various fields such as medicine, pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, agriculture, the textile and paper industries, the energy industry, and industrial sustainability. Its uses include drug delivery, dentistry, ophthalmology, wound dressing, cell encapsulation, bio-imaging, tissue engineering, food packaging, gelling and coating, food additives and preservatives, nutraceuticals, skin and hair care, preventing abiotic stress and flora, increasing water availability in plants, controlled release fertilizers, disensitized solar cells, wastewater and sludge treatment, and metal extraction. Despite its many advantages, there are some drawbacks associated with using kytosan derivatives in these applications. Additionally, there are several challenges and opportunities that need to be addressed before this material can be used on a large scale. This article was authored by Charita Thambolayagotage, Madara Jayaneti, Amavind Mendes, and others.