 Z scribom hitičkih nabijah je vrtičen. Trotom hitičkih nabijah je začelo v skupanjo in zanimivri. Hitičkih nabijah jaz ker sej izvomega in zličenji. Nukaj hitičkih nabijah nedaj je bilo v welcomingnjem, hitičkih nabijah sej izvomega v akšinjem. Fajkosti carlov, da je zelo poslenega vizeljovane od veča, je prav očilovati, da je v semstvali, za baršimi nekaj potvešnje, baršima pestyko, baršnje in baršne odovide. Dobro, za zduje nekaj okljušanje, izgledam v Dejo vomenu z eriatem, čače in oporkovanje za Avrop in v Strelija. Mi boš Stania Svantevanja, amp Allegrijeh vse, v zelovih vsoj za Avrop in v Strelija. I am very happy to moderate today's webinar. Seats played a fundamental role in the food system, ensuring food security and supporting the livelihoods of farmers and other stakeholders. In the COVID-19 scenario, the food system has been impacted in one way or another, and seed systems are not in uniform order. In some countries, the seed systems are more vulnerable than others. In this context, the purpose of the webinar is to change information and experience on the seed system during the COVID-19, to support countries in making timely measures and finding new opportunities for Europe and Central Asia. Let me show some technical information on the arrangement for the meeting. Language option, English, Russian, Turkish interpretation. You can switch language by clicking in the small globe income in the bottom. We are expecting your question and comments in writing. For this, please use the QA box and the bottom of your screen for sharing your question. Please don't use the chat for this purpose. All presentation will be sent to all of you as well as the recording of the event. After this short introduction, let me invite Mr. Raymond Jelly, Regional Program Leader for Europe and Central Asia to open the webinar. Raymond, the floor is yours. Thank you very much, Tanja. Good morning, good afternoon, dear colleagues, dear friends, distinguished speakers, panelists and participants. It's indeed an honor to welcome you to another regional webinar, which is related to our serious facilitating the multistakeholder dialogue on the impact of COVID-19. The aim of this webinar is indeed facilitating knowledge sharing and an exchange of experience amongst the actors in the region. We have learned a lot already about the implication of the virus, but I think we still have to learn more and the series of these webinars should really contribute to this. The webinar today, we are focusing on the seed systems during the COVID-19 and discuss particularly the challenges and opportunities this will bring in the region. Actually, I want to share with you an experience when I was trained as a young farmer in the 1980s in Germany. I never really thought at that time that seeds are an issue. I've taken it for granted that the best seeds are available for me as farmers and I've just put them in the soil. When I started working for FAO, however, I realized that seeds are one of the most crucial foundations for the livelihood of the agriculture communities and the agri-food system. And it's really not to be taken for granted that they are available in high quality and particularly also in some cases in quantity. It is the repository of the genetic potential of crop species and their varieties, which are resulting from the continuous improvement and the selection over time. So the benefits of seeds to crop productivity and food security can be indeed enormous. The proper and the sustainable crop production depends on the availability, the accessibility and the quality of the seeds. So the seed sector is facing many challenges in the region and just to mention some of them, the lack of national breeds and the dependence on seed imports is one of them, but there are several others. So the challenges escalate, in this case, the vulnerability of the agriculture and the food production sector, which really could have an impact on food security, increase the risk of poverty and, of course, the consequences may be forcing also migration and therefore there is really a need to strengthen the seed systems as one of the key areas. So we have started in the region several activities already in the past years to strengthen the seed systems and to create also an enabling environment in order to enhance also climate resilience to agriculture. I think salinated resistant seeds is certainly one of the issue, but drought resistance and also others. Now, of course, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the food systems around the world and the seed systems are among them and there are new challenges to the governments and the international agencies and all the actors who are dealing with seeds. So the situation in our views is particular serious for import dependent countries in terms of also agriculture input. So the lack of access and affordable seeds and other agriculture inputs is providing a danger in declining production and therefore, of course, also possible increases of diseases across crop production subsektors. So in this regard, the main objective of the webinar today is really, again, to facilitate in exchange of information and experience on the impacts and the risk of COVID-19 on the seed systems and to hear also about possible measures to mitigate it, but on the other hand also to promote also evidence-based decision-making processes in order to really increase the resilience of the seed systems and to reduce the vulnerability, particular for the smallholders of which the region has still quite many and who are the backbone for food security, for food production and for the food system. So I would like to thank you for your attention. I'm looking forward to fruitful discussion and all the best. Thank you. Over to you, Tanja. Thank you very much, Raymond. Now allow me to invite to our first speaker, Wilson Hugo. Wilson is FAE agriculture officer in seed sector development, member of seed and plant genetic resources team of plant production and protection division. He is agriculture engineer with a master degree on seed technology. In 2003, Wilson began his work at the private sector in a multinational seed company, where he was a manager of seed division and responsible for development of several business units in Uruguay. In 2007, he was appointed manager of the company. Wilson works in FAE since 2010 in all aspects of development of seed system in countries from seed legislation, establishment of national seed policy, seed enterprises development, quality control mechanism, variety adoption, variety evaluation and release. Wilson, the floor is yours. Thank you very much, Tanja. Good morning, everybody. I'm sharing my screen. I don't know if you're seeing that. It's coming, I think. All right. In my screen. Everything is okay. It's fine now. All right. Good morning, everybody. I will speak for 10 minutes about seed systems in the time of Covid-19 and the FAO approach to sustainable seed system. Let me begin with some shocking numbers about agriculture in the world, very briefly in order to save time, but needs to be said. Everyday agriculture produced an average of more than 23 million tons of food per day. That includes almost 20 million tons of cereals, more than a million tons of meat, 2 billion liters of milk and 400,000 tons of fish. That is every day. In one day crop production uses 3.2 trillion liters of water for irrigation, the biggest consumption in the planet is for irrigation, not for human consumption. And 300 tons of fertilizer a day. That is a total value of production of $7 billion a day. Agriculture also employs either directly or indirectly one in three of the world workers and provides livelihoods for 2.5 billion people. So there is a very big impact of agriculture in the world. And we have more challenges on that because the dynamics of production, trade and consumption create uncertainty. It's very similar effect on the one of the financial market. When there is lack of trust on the next harvest, there is overreaction, especially in the international market for buying, for importing food, that increases in prices above the ones that should be normal. And that creates even bigger problems of food insecurity, especially in urban areas in developing countries. So for eliminating those uncertainties, it is absolutely necessary to increase food production in a sustainable way, which means producing more with less. And let me be clear, there is no escape to that. It's not just fancy wording. It's no escape. Productivity needs to be increased per area because a cultivated area in the world cannot expand anymore. And if we continue depleting soils, it could even retract. So according to different sources, about 50% increase in production is expected from the genetic gains and quality of seed. Some people may argue, it's 60 or 70 or 40. The number is difficult to mention with precision. But there is a general consensus. There is a very high proportion of the expected increase in production. The one I mentioned we cannot escape will come from genetic aspect and quality of seed. In that sense, conservation agriculture in the broader sense, not just one type of production, many different ones, but conservation agriculture is fundamental from which a functional and organized system of seed production and supply is one of the pillars of any sustainable increase of agriculture production. So we are actually like Raymond very well said a few minutes ago about the pillar of the sustainable increase in agriculture production. Now, going to the point of seed system, I will mention that also briefly and focus on what a sustainable seed system is for FAO and the work that we do. To begin with, we have a regular framework in which I should not spend more time in that because I am in front of a panel of experts, of an audience of experts who very well acquaintance with the seed system, but you have a regulatory framework that will affect directly or indirectly community seed systems, commercially oriented seed supply and also the agricultural research by having regulatory framework related to variety release, also to quality assurance, to commercialization, imports and exports, but also to intellectual property right and also to environmental issues and biosafety. Many things that touch the seed sector that have their own regulatory framework. This is something that probably we all know well, you have commercially oriented seed supply but you have community-based seed supply and they touch each other. They have local markets in between and at the center of the whole thing is the use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture which I have abbreviated as PGRFA and agricultural research are used by commercially oriented seed supply and are used by community-based seed supply. Everybody at the center uses plant genetic resources for their improvement and for their use. The whole thing then is affected by imports and exports that will retrieve seeds from the system or will inject seeds into the system. That's something quite commonly forgotten. The more open you have in the country to import and export the more you affect internally the seed production. For good or for bad needs to be studied case by case. Also some countries have different sizes of community-based seed supply related to commercially oriented seed supply. Now, in FAO what do we find when we work in all the countries that we provide support from our division? For number one thing we find that few varieties are really adopted by farmers. A low adoption of varieties by farmers is one of the major issues. That's something we could speak for hours but today we have to be brief. But this is one of the most the biggest limiting factor. Agricultural research institute release new varieties which then farmers don't use. There must be some reason for that. Maybe they are happy with the things that could be anything. But for production and processing small market size is one of the biggest limiting factors found. But small market size are not referred to the number of kilos that account we need to plant. It refers to the seed that is purchased by farmers. I mean the effective demand is called. Dispersed clients in efficient transfer of technology that may explain why few varieties are adopted, lack of precise statistics for seed production and use that is a limiting factor because medium size companies cannot take good decision, little knowledge of the market on the hands with the previous one I mentioned. Distortion of market due to donations. Yes, this is a double edge sword. I mean donations of seed are necessary in case of emergencies but if they stay for a long time they distort completely the market. The regulatory framework is not clear. We have numeric data of that that I can mention in any other opportunity. The regulatory framework studies for more than 90 countries show that about one quarter of the regulatory framework in countries have many important things not clear. Now in a seed sector we for sure heard many times of the informal versus the formal seed sector and competitivity and investment return and we heard very much about the crops that have high seed value. I mean value for who produces and sell seeds like hybrids or vegetable and you have other groups of crops with very low seed value like rice, beans with cassava or sweet potato. I mean you have a clear differential of how profitable it is for a company. Or a small company to produce seeds in different crops. But they coexist always every country has hybrids in general associated with large private companies, varieties that in general associated with research institute and community agriculture with seed sales and agriculture with land raises or unregistered varieties. Those system coexist. It's not that one is good the other one is bad. They coexist always even in the least or the most developed countries in the world. But the principles the two principles the principle of demand offer is the same, formal or informal. Is it the same principle you you cannot concentrate in offering seed if there is no demand because it's a receipt for disaster or farmers buying seeds only from a supplier they trust. And that is another topic in which we could discuss for a long time what does it mean to trust a supplier of seeds. Does it necessarily mean certify seed or means seed with empty control or maybe they trust more enabled than a certification system. We don't know things that needs to be clarified case by case. There is no one agriculture. Each subsector has its own needs and every farmer normally you can expect them to be in touch with all the seed system. It's not that you have informal farmers and formal farmers you have them in contact with all of them because they need some hybrid or some vegetable that's probably seed that is purchased or the plant rice but they come from a national agriculture research institute beans may come from community farmers or native varieties in some planting material that are obtained locally so they are in contact with all of them. Then after saying all that what does it mean to be sustainable. Sustainable is when you have obviously a time proof system. Sustainable is when you have a seed system that is resilient it stays functional in good or bad years in the country. And this is one of the most important things I wanted to mention. There is not one different countries have reached a sustainable system with a completely different approach from each other. Some going more for privatization, some going to nationalization. From compulsory seed certification to truth in labeling. There are completely different systems that are functional. So the secret is not in the system. The secret is in the way countries do implement what they have decided to have as a seed system. But in all of them the sustainable ones, the roles of the government and the public and the private sector are crystal clear. What anybody is allowed to do and expected to do is absolutely clear. The motorway is the example. Let me take some parenthesis here. It's like you want to have an efficient motorway of cars going fast. There is a role of the government to build it. It's a role of the public sector input the signals letting you know when you can speed, when you have to stop when you will have to turn to one side so you are warned of that in advance and then you have the private sector driving the cars. Only when everybody does the role that was given to them in a good way you have a very efficient motorway for transporting whatever you have to transport. Offer and demand must exist always. Which of the two is more important? Let me tell you that we have seen disasters of projects or organizations that focus on seed production without demand. Assuming that farmers will buy it wrong. Is the demand the most important thing that it may exist or you can work on creating it by awareness raising. Demand is the one that drives seed production. Every single successful company in the world not only in seeds in food or on anything that might come to your mind will adjust the plans for production according to what they expect to sell. And then we keep saying that seed supply must be good quality but what do we exactly mean with seed quality? I mean seed quality in general terms is a seed lot that fulfills the expectation of the user. In that sense for some countries maybe 95% termination is necessary and for other countries 80% termination is what is expected from the user. That's several messages here. I mean sometimes a small or medium size seed company is very happy with the quality of seed they produce but still does not fulfill the expectation of the farmers then sales are not big and trust is not generated with the company with the customers. Quality can't be just a wish. It needs to be double check with farmers if they are okay with the quality of the seed produced. It must be achieved with a quality control system. I didn't mention certification here. Certification is one of the system for quality control in which a neutral body inspects the fields for seed production but overall certification of seed is only necessary when you have a real problem that you cannot solve with the producers or the user otherwise you don't have a need for certification. It's only one way of earning trust and it's doing what you said you were going to do. That's the only way you earn trust and that is how farmers develop trust on seed companies. Now let me use half a minute here to remember that you have a role of the public sector which is easy to see, you have a role of the government but seed companies apart producing for making money for themselves they have a role in the seed system and the role is to increase the area plant with a new good variety in the shortest possible time and ask true to type as it was when it was released. This is the role of seed companies. I mean they are the seed delivery mechanism to farmers and a seed company I mean again a big, a small or a smallholder seed enterprise and the product must earn the customer trust because the way of having sustainable demand is when farmers have made their mind and they want to buy a seed when they are convinced it's good for them are not when somebody came with instructions or with leaflets saying that variety will yield a lot in your farm just use it no, they normally need to see that by themselves now having said that about a sustainable seed system in our mandate in our seed and plant genetic resources team in Rome we support governments according to the request from the commission on genetic resources that has requested FAO to continue the work strengthening national seed system and to provide counter to the policy guidance and linking the use of genetic resources with seed system and specifically in the seed area because I could mention other areas that our teams does in conservation and genetic resources and in plant breeding but specifically in seed sector we have two major areas of support from our team the seed sector and emergency intervention for that we have a series of tools that are available for everybody from the quality declared seed quality declared planting material seed and emergency voluntary guidance on seed policy formulation or small scale seed enterprises these are publicly available and ready to be used in any development project in emergency intervention let me mention very briefly there are major interventions in 77 countries 82 million dollars of seed purchase for distribution globally and that is done normally after a seed security assessment is developed in a country a seed security assessment is no other thing that is understanding the situation of farmer related to seed security before taking the decision to distribute seeds in seed sector development specifically we work as I was mentioned before in policies with the country which is the most broad thing probably the most important thing because there are many options and examples that can be provided of what other countries have done in each one of the element of the seed sector in seed legislation together with the legal department regulatory document we work on small holder seed enterprises and the use of varieties and farmer seed system and then put international organizations what it is time for them to be connected with international organizations all of that aims of having an enabling environment for a sustainable seed sector and I finished here I think Tanya was very close to 10 minutes as so kindly requested by you Thank you very much Wilson for your very good presentation in which you had called it our attention to the cause of pressure of the food system as well as the challenge which in turn affect seed system Thank you for remaining us of the work that FAO does in seed system and genetic resources highlighting the tools developed by FAO for seed management and which are available for the countries Thank you very much I have this last picture if from a project that you know very well Thank you Thank you very much I stop staring now Thank you now Let me introduce to our second speaker Dr. Andreas Milikian Dr. Milikian is professor in of plant production and science department of Armenian national Armenian University and director of agro agrotechnology scientific center branch on ANU foundation his professional work focus on scientific practical support and consultant service to the farms in Armenia in areas of conservation of plant genetic resources selection process seed breeding cultivation and the new crops and varieties Andreas, the floor is yours Andreas Thank you very much Thank you once again Hello dear colleagues Today I will briefly introduce to you the state position of the agriculture in Armenia problems in the context strategic plans in our country and the scientific state of agriculture in our region which represent themselves the biggest problems in soviet countries and now because of the pandemic in our world So, as it is clear that the creation of the effective production system of seeds is strategically important for the safety of each country In this way the task and problems of seed breeding is to organize the distribution of quality seeds and planting of materials varieties of cultural plants that are registered and allowed to grow in the agriculture zone which is, for example, several in our country as well as the distribution and zoning of these cultures The next task is to provide the efficiency of the world economy the distribution of the poverty of the population and the increase of the safety of each country Strategically, the seed breeding includes the creation of favorable conditions for the development of primary seed breeding scientific selection and primary selection i.e. the production of elite seeds and the development of private entrepreneurship in the sphere of volume i.e. secondary seed breeding and the certification of all seed breeding in the community And now the current state of the seed breeding system in our country Until 1990s in the Republic there was a clear system of seed breeding and the seed production of agricultural crops while some scientific and research institutes engaged in selection and primary seed breeding i.e. in the production of super elite and elite seeds In addition there were more than 120 state seed breeding big owners in our country who worked in the sphere of seed breeding in the secondary seed breeding in different cultures they acted i.e. there were more than 120 state seed breeding in our country who worked in the sphere of seed breeding in the secondary seed breeding in different cultures they acted in the secondary seed breeding in our country After privatization i.e. after 1990s these enterprises were actually released in this way as primary seed breeding in secondary seed breeding was destroyed as a result the production of seed in the high respect culture was improved technological consequences of seed breeding in this way the technological process was stopped in the industry what is happening now since 1994 in the primary seed breeding i.e. selection and super elite seed breeding we are doing only three scientific centers this is the selection center of the Giumri station this is the European scientific center of the country in the secondary seed breeding we are doing in the scientific center of the secondary and technical cultures and we are doing experiment inamentality we are doing in the secondary seed breeding in thisとう in the country we are doing in the standard seed breeding and in the quality seed in the Cause seed breeding we are doing praising in 15-20% we are doing i proizvoslu zernovih strani. Žal, što prodanžajo vse firmevskih hodjastvah, da se vpoj resozovati semina neizveštva proizhaždenja in neizveštva sroga vaš proizvoslu, kateri v osnovnom oni sami polučajo iz proizvosljenih, ani seminovočskih poli. Častično potrebnosti zemljopozovateli republiki udoletvorjajo se začet vizjonnih iz zagranici semian, to iz posadočno materijala, v ostandom iz Rosiji. Da srepov pa kaj ne udolos dla strani sozda transvertne i strahvani fondi semian, kateri po suti strategičke značenje neobhodimnost, a takže pa kaj asustjujem neobhodime kapitalne vloženje v oblasti semianovostva. Čast ja predstavlju srednje, pasivnje ploščete naše republiki in diabzatimne količe s semian, s seminovočskih, pasivnje, ploščete po strategičkim planom razviti naše republiki. Iz tej tablici vidno, što v alemeni každje god v ostavnom budu posijati sviše 200.000 gettara zlakovih, v tom čisle, ostavna je ta jarova obšenica, bolje 58%. U katorevo trebuje se 30.000 ton semian, no mi sčitajem, što iz tej količe sva mi dažni importirovati ne bolje 50 ton, no je to drga sartabna vljena, v tom čisle inovje, vysokoproduktivnje sartov zagranične selekci. A sam mi dažni sebi obispečivati 85% svojemu ždi. Dla etovo nam užen v každji god imet 12.500 gettara semianovčskih posevov toliko dela zimopšenici. Ja ne budu ostanoviti po každemu kulturej, je to uže vidno iz tablici, no skožu toliko, što dela vseh kultur zlakovih, bogovih, karbovih, kartovih, v tom čisle potrebujte každej god pačtej 43.000 gettara semianovčskih posevov. Eto dela malinko ahmeniji, u katorevo svo 420.000 gettara pačtej ne malo, no mi bude viti na eto, što bi sam sebi obispečiti semianovčki. A sečas ja odmejču nekateri osnovni priprjacili vrednjenji sestemi semianovčkih v republiki. Eto odsustvo neobchodimo superelitnih semianovčkih odsustvo saskhazjevstvenih specializovanih semianovčskih hazjajstv semianovčkih poljej. Fragmentacija fermeskih zemelnih namsih vrednjenih sestemi semianovčkih vrednjenih semianovčkih poljej sestemi semianovčkih sestemi samianovčkih poljej semianovčkih domovček spetulovito semianovček sestemi semianovčkih poljej sestemi eskidlja vrednje spetializaciji, atavaja prioritet k merom pa semenovostvu v častnem sektoru. Atnako, bez razvitega pervištva semenovostva, to je elitnava, organizacija sobstrenna semenovostva prosto bezperspektivna. Gospodarstvenja subsidija v nekatera stepe ne istibulirvala prezvostva vysaka uražajnih semen, kateri v nastaješče v rime javljajce njerentabeljnim sektorom. Planirvala prezvesti okolo 3.590 tons osnovnih superelitnih, elitnih semen, što moglo obespečiti hatiaba 10% potrebnosti v vysaka produktivnih semenah, vmešti nimištih 1-2%. Importelitnih semen neproverenih sortov v šelisi iz Rosiji na reguljarno osovje s 2020. razbazarivaj ogromnje finansvije resursi, ne udoljetvarjal spros na semenah v strani. Pa skopu prosesnje bil naučno oboslovanim, kateri dolžem bil obespečiti semenah posledujših reprodukcij in postavka firmer. Pri etem v celih povištjevnih efektivnosti gosudarstvenih službjej po vnedjenju inspekciji i kontrolju sistemi očenki kachevstvo semen s odvestimi mežnonorodnimi standartmi. U nas bilo predjedni nekateri zakoni. Zakoni o semenah, afitosanitariji, o novih sortah, rostini, o organičskih zemljedelji itd. A takže prijete v nekateri postanavljenje pravitelstva Republiki, kateri obespečivajo zakonnost semenovostva i semenoprojizvostva v Armeniji. Ja ne budu pročitati vse to, vam olo uže vidno. Učitevaj, što v sovremenim miri take procesi prejschodil v globalnom maslabe, kak pandemija COVID-19 odnoznačno vnositi svoje korektivi strategičke napravli naševo svejstvo. V sveti etovo vznikli novi problemi, usugubljaja stari. Zavisimnost ostavnova semennova materiala initnova materiala od zarubježnih prezvoditelji, oslaženje dorožnih in transportnih procesur, asustve človečskih kontaktom. Vsi eto zavisite, zastavite, najtej novi rešenje in ne toga eto vse odvježdaj, što mi na pravilnom puti, to iz razviti sobstvennova semenovostva v častnosti v semenovostvih ploštidej. Vzajma vigodne mežnodorodnej satomubinčstvo v osnovnom začet regularneva obnovljenja semen, importanovih cen, mersortov in sobstvennevo prezvodstvo semen na mestah. Razviti semenovostvih sestemi, asopetno častnov sektora, nadježače upravljenje prezvodstvom semen in marketing, podgotovke in peripodgotovke profesionalnevokvalificovanih kadrov. Kštim obozem faktičnje koronaviru stranavljanje nové probleme stabiliruje načataj robota vlukov만čje semenovosti. Kštim za vmjema, od mene. Prezentacijo so, že pravaste odličini sestemi, obnovno. Imajš v častnom izmenim več sest the strategic value for creating programmes to a youth food security in Armenia. Thank you, also, Andreas for sharing the challenge and opportunities for improving the SIP system in Armenia, as well as for having shared the problems generated by COVID-19 in Armenia. Thank you. Now, I would like to invite you to move from Armenia, z Kyrgyzstanem povojo tisti. Tukaj, zignočaj, da vzentoj se na tederjist. Ajda Jamalbova. Ajda je direktor qeykinjevater in nekaj z vrstejne v Kyrgyzstanu. in agrikljom drge. V 2019-ji, je se več v zelo, ne jo zelo vzelačil in vzelačil izgovorilja vzelačna vzelačna vzelačna. V 2011-ji, je vzelačil, vzelačil za vzelačnje, nekaj zeločnje in začinje. V 2014-je komunitetu zeločenje in izgledačno, vzelačno, vzelačno, vzelačno vzelačne. v 2019. je zelo vsega sozajnjej, zelo vsega sozajnjej, mehanizacij, zelo vsega zazajnjej, zelo vsega neilini, in zelo vsega zelo vsega. Ajda, vsega je. Vraso, cil. Svok, da mi ne. Vsak. Paj, da mi ne. Vsak. Vsak. Vsak. OK. Dobro je djelj. Blogodarjo za predostavljenju vzmožnosti poddeliti svojim opetom po obšimnemu seminovodstvu, ili seminov na uravni obšim. Ja ne znam, kak je tudi... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... V Armeniji in Kyrgyzstanji se sredočilo na uravnih spetializovanjih semineh zemkhoza. Fokus je zernovoj, karmovoj, kartofi. O statusi razviti seminovodstvo je možno akarakterizovati sledušnje cyframi po informaciju ministerstvo sredskovoh zazajste. V 2000-om godine semkhoze bila ploščje 29.000 hektar, to v 2019-om godine je 31.000 hektar. 31.000 hektar iz njih tudi 3.000 hektar. Kyrgyzstan je stvarno malo firmevskih zazajstvo. Nisi njih 400.000 malo firmevskih zazajstvo, kaj je proizvojno 95% pravdovoljstvo. Nih mnogi je, kaj je na avakom in znanjimi, v sferi seminovodstvo, ali, možno, na uravnih svojih zazajstvo. I, učitovaj, tudi naša organizacija, v 2014-om godine, značila projek, kaj je izmenil, v 2014-om godine, značila projek, kaj je zazajstvo, firmevskih zazajstvo. Vsrednje je vsočenje vsočenje vsočenje vsočenje vsočenje vsega piske, in dolarama. Prvo, vsočenje, na avakom in znanjimi in kaj je priko nabil te znanje. Vsočenje vsočenje vsočenje in idete vsočenje vsočenja vsočenju, in vsočenju vsočenju, kaj je vsočenje. i praktika firmerov drugih kraj, na primer skola Kampensina, Italii, Ekoru, Ralec, Rumenija, Moldova in drugih členov za prodovoljske svetljenje njelenje v Evropi, Centraljna Azija. Takoče, smo robili nas gosudarstvenimi strukturami, na firmerov. Na dana momentem smo imeli 26 semeneh učastkov v šesti oblastiah iz semenej regionov Korgistana. Na jednom semenom učastku je to mali, vsečno povštje, več mali, 5-8 različnih kultor, ktorih bila vrana v zavisimosti od klimatijskih uzlovi, ktorih se poču agro-ekologičnih pohodov, vesim fokusom na počve, na agro-bioreznovrazi. Na agro-miroprijati fiksirujte v knjegi učota semeneh voda. Velo razrobotnja knjega, bila gdje v našem partnerom, vsevne usilje, firmerov, izsihpore ta knjega prodožajte, učiti, razšarjati in ulučati, kde fiksirujte v semeroprijati, o kateri provoditi na vsem učastku. Vosnovno vopros, konješno, je to kacistva semian. Proverk u kacistva semian u nas ide kak na uramni firmerov, kak ja gdje v knjegi učotov semeneh voda, fiksirujte opet za poslednje 3-4 godine, samo načala robota kacistva semeneh voda. Semeneh voda, ja bi chcelo vzeli, utočniti, to semeneh voda ne je cidu firmer semeneh voda, ili mi, kak nazvar, para semeneh voda. To je ne učona semeneh voda, a imena firmer, kateri rešel zanjati semeneh voda. Z 2019. godine vnidrejamo PGS, participator gauranti sistem, gauranti na prinspečnih učastih, kde firmeri, kak prezvoditele, kaj budiši potrebitele tih semeneh mogu vmesti učastati procesi prezvodstva, monitoriti, tako poživati semeneh voda. Tako u nas povoditi proverk semeneh kateraturi, departamenti, ekspertizmi, ministerstve, srečenosti na svetu Agosto. To je protokol ispedani, kateri ne nam dajem na osnovu, kateri semeneh v naši katalov. Po objomu tudi vse semeneh v drugi potencijalni zainteresovanj firmeri. Kateri semeneh v svetu, kateri semeneh, kateri semeneh potencijalnih firmeri mogu obrati za vrštjevanje. Kateri semeneh, kaj biofizični element, kaj duhovni element, kateri semeneh tudi semeneh kateri semeneh duhovni identičnosti vozršljenje vzršljenje vzršlenja v vzršlenje uterjnih vzršlenja gormaničnih živ, vzrši tudi vzršlenj. v mnogivskih momentami. Smojtrem, če znači semina dle nas, kak dle narodu, počmo je obrbena kultura dle nas cene. Kako to odrežaja v kulturi narodu? V tom česli je to poslovice, kulturi, tradicije, kateri zvjazni vseminami. Pajtmo mi izvčajem, je to več, kako obagotila našu sejti, ker je, če je tudi koncentrujno koncentrujno vsemini, če je to financije, v nasle stalli. Če zame hiç stolen naš�י sejti. Sete seminovodovi, parorko seminovodov, sodan na dre kam挨rofen. 178 c elev gum 직접i, kido oseпон法ljern nominated'š. OK. Part attended'šshi. the Ministry of the Local entertaining v ševo promešljenosti Kyrgyzstanov, za odkrytovacje, vzmoženosti, da nekaždogod s nami vstrečajacem, vse obsoždano svoje probleme in razmatujem vzmoženosti za sobnešnje robote. Ministerstvo selskom hodjavstvu, ministerstvo obrazovanja tožemo bohodarno, bohodjavstvo selskom hodjavstvu odnositljno kovid, što prišlo v svojih drugeh torši regionov, v drugeh stranah, boh z krati rynke, boh z krati graničnih. Kaj sem odmetila rana, što svoj svoj svoj sela na vse importiruje. Kajnešno, je to negativno odrazila na dostupi z firmerov k seminam. Što, kaj bi, kaj, naša sede odreagirala, kaj je ona vlikovala podježku naših firmerov drugeh, smo mogli predostajati začet svojih seminojbankov, semina ovošej na 10 dektarov v 1140 firmerov, kaj je včasno v projekti FAU, drugi je projekt, kaj je nazivati klimatijne v Kyrgyzstaniji, smo predostali im semina z firmerov, smo mogli zasejiti svoje zemli, kateri pustavali, smo mogli obespečiti produktami ovošej, svoj svoj svoj svoj svoj svoj seminoj. Tako smo organizavali online školu Dekanji TV in školu firmerov. Na dana moment vyloženo 10 rokov, načnaja od pasiva semjan, do zagahtovki semjan. Ivo njih poslednji slat po vremeni. Odnositeljno zakonodateljstvo, to je smo znamen, da ne musim po zakonodateljstvo in smo zdelali mali obzor in podzor je odnositeljno zakonodateljstvo in z tem, što u nas o firmerstvih seminah ili firmerstvih seminoj in smo odmečili što počti vse programe na dokumenti Nester svetlja svetlja svetlja opisovati nedostatak semjan kakas osnovnoj problemnozumno. Jednako konkretnih mer ili etih mer ne tezdačno, kateri bi dželjno byli napravljani na podježku i rozviti seminovoj sektor. Ivo kakva osnovnoj vyboj dogovoril, kakva bolj povne, kaj bo kome interesno, kaj bolj še predostajte. Išto tako, kaj je dve grupi malih firmerstvih. In firma grupa je malih firmerstvih, kaj je s semijanem, kaj je s tradicijstvom, kaj je s resursom in druga grupa je firma potrebiti semijan, kaj je s seminovoj svetlja svetlja svetlja. Sledušči vylut vysnega zakonodateljstvo po principu gospodarstvne obzpečenje kaj je s seminami. Prietem, gospodarstvo ne priznajo na lječaj malih firmerstvih vzpečenje seminovoj materijala. Voprosi ajda na obzpečenje seminovoj posadnoj materijala vseplacijo vzpečenju vzpečenju vzpečenju vzpečenju vzpečenje svečnjno ajda vzpečenju na kaj je vzpečenju prizentacijo vseplacijo vzpečenju vzpečenju in na obzpečenje seminovoj materijala. Pridem vseplacijo vzpečenju vzpečenje seminovoj materijala. Pridem, vseplacijo kaj je vseši. Otevam, da postavljamo rekel, a bodo se površel, Savoj Ruta. Savoj, in hankarjana krajska, iz korbinosjstvši v Budapesu, da je površel površel v moračno planje. Počeš površel vziv, vseši vseši vseši vseši, v febru 2015. V 2004, ki se vsečenite, in na zelo seštene, zveljšenju na spotu, in v 2006, je se počelil za posljuženje vseček. Sarvoč, vseče jaz. Čakaj, da so počeliti, da se prišli svojo vseče in da se prišli za to, da se načelili, da se počelili, da se prišli svojo vseče. I was asked to speak a little bit about the effect of the pandemic on the seed fate and try to focus mostly on the region, Europe and Central Asia. Before I start... I hear a little bit of stories in my... ISF is a non-profit organization. We represent the interest of the commercial breeders, mostly private breeding companies, but also we have public breeders as members. We are a global association, we have members from 75 countries and directly or indirectly we are representing more than 7000 seed companies. This is our vision here, a word where the best quality seed is accessible to all supporting sustainable agriculture and food security. So this is what we are working in a daily basis. A little bit about the seed trends. What we see that the global seed market is increasing, both value and volume wise. Also the international trade, the movement of seed is continued to increase. Maybe not at the pace that it was back in the 90s and early 2000s, but still it's an increasing trend. Obviously we have a faster trend in breeding and commercial processes, mainly responding the needs of the farmers and consumers, but also following the change of climatic change and different agriculture areas and what farmers needs to face with. There is a small shift towards private breeding and seed production and also a counter season production is taking more and more importance both for the breeding part but both for the seed production part. So these are the general trends in breeding and seed production today. There is an interesting question in their interdependency. So today no country can fully supply farmers with their own choice solely from their own production. And we don't necessarily see this as a kind of weakness of the system. We more see this as a kind of response to our changing world. So obviously the aim of the seed sector is to produce seeds in optimal locations and be localized experts and to make sure that there is a steady supply for the farmers everywhere. But in order to do that, you need to diversify your seed production because, as I said before, we have climate change, we have more extreme weather patterns, we have floods, droughts, disasters. So no breeders today want to concentrate their seed production only in one country. They would like to mitigate the risk by producing seeds in multiple countries and obviously for that you need to put efficient seed trade system in place. So we see this is something of really positive and beneficial for the supply of farmers everywhere in the world. To the COVID situation, I think it was like it had hit everybody. It's a global pandemic. So there is no countries who doesn't suffer in some way or another from this pandemic. I think what was our call as seed sector is called governments to recognize that seed as part of the food system and in such highly critical and therefore in many countries it was declared as essential or system relevant. So why other operation was on hold, for the seed sector it was allowed to continue the movement of seed. It was continued to companies and enterprises to keep operational despite of the lockdowns in many countries. So I think it was a very positive experience that seed was seen as part of the agriculture and as part of essential and system relevant business. And by just saying and stating this, in many cases companies could respond because they could keep a level of operation despite of the difficult situation. The challenging, it was an interesting experience for us that when we ask our members globally that what were the main challenges as regards the pandemic situation, we got the same answers. Regardless that it was in Europe or US, Australia, basically the main problems were the same everywhere. Maybe what was the situation a little bit different that in countries where the seed systems and the formal system systems were more robust, the responses were more adequate and efficient, why others there would be more problems. So basically there are three areas. So in when the lockdown happened in March and April, there was, we were in the middle of the planting season in the, especially in the northern hemisphere. So companies need to respond urgently and quickly. And to be honest, they did a very good job. Most of the farmers or basically most of the customers have been supplied with quality seed for the planting season. But of course there were problems. I think some of the problems are already mentioned before me. Problems in transportation, problems in production delivery and production with labor availability. So seed sector is a very labor intensive sector and depends on a lot of seasonal workers and obviously their movement were somehow hindered. But again, these measures that it was critical and business essential companies managed to overcome these challenges. But it's also very crucial that it's a cycle, it's an ongoing business. So why we were supplying farmers for this planting season, we had to think ahead and thinking about tomorrow, about seed production to have again seeds for the next planting season as well. So it was a little bit challenging to respond to the urgent needs but looking for the future and even more the breeding. The breeding side is an investment for the future. So despite having difficulties at the moment, you cannot abandon breeding programs which basically supports the future, what you need in these circumstances. What did we learn? We learned the essential of digitalization and I don't only speak about digitalization within the companies. Also digitalization in the public and administrations, all the systems which are serving the seed industry. And there are many good examples that those areas are getting more and more digitalized. Just mention two good example, for the, you know, to have healthy seeds and if it's proven, you need an itocenitory certificate which goes along with the seeds from country to country. There is a new system called E-FITO, which is an IPPC, Intenture and Pre-Protection Convention under this organization. And this E-FITO enables paperless movement of the seed. And in this situation when you want to have limited contact among people and goods, it's a very essential tool. Same happening in OECD level. OECD have the seed systems, a seed scheme, which gives a kind of global harmonization for the different national seed certification schemes. And OECD is also heavily investing on digitalization to connect and align and harmonize the existing national systems as well. So these are already existing trends, but obviously a pandemic like this can accelerate this kind of trend. We need further cooperation between countries. We need to get rid of some of the unnecessary regulatory burden that hinders the trade of the seeds. If you have a pressing situation of this, I think this shows that you don't need and add up regulatory burdens, which are not necessary. But it's very positive that I think the whole agriculture sector gained a huge recognition, not just the seed sectors, but also farmers and food producers as well during this pandemic. Because despite of these difficult times, the food supply was provided to the users in the cities and everywhere. So I think it was a very good, I would say, recognition for our sector beside the medical staffs and nurses and doctors that agriculture sector was there. And despite of difficulties and the threats farmers were out of the field in the processing plants, seeds was processed and it was very positive for learning. Also globalization between governments and industry, a collaboration between governments and industry is something that needs to be further enhanced and increased. To, again, having this kind of status that critical business essential for the seed sector. And to sum up with my presentation, so this is what the seed sector is seeking for. We would like to keep the supply of seed flowing across the world, maintain open trade for seed, allowing us to provide locally adapted and healthy quality seeds. We would like to encourage governments, international organization, private sector farmers and NGOs to work hand in hand to build together the needed seed systems at the local and regional level for farmers of all sides and especially smallholder farmers to access healthy and quality seeds. Enable further plant breeding innovation and it's a very important part and it's use of increased productivity, adaptive climate change, achieve sustainable resilient food systems and meet customer needs. And by that I summed up my presentation and many thanks to your attention. Thank you very much, Savoč, for your very interesting presentation showing us some trends for the seed industry. Also showing us the challenge and opportunities for improve the seed system in the COVID-19 period. Also it's very interesting to listen about the international seed federation experience or digitalization. And also I would like to highlight that the interdependency between the countries by international trade of seeds and the critical connection between seeds and food security. And definitely the private sector government and farmers should work, as you mentioned very well, hand in hand, especially with the small farmers. Thank you. Now colleagues, we finalize our first part of our agenda and let's continue with the panel discussion. To be moderated by Susana Karest, who is the coordinator of our regional project of seeds. Susana, the floor is yours. Thank you, Tanya. Welcome to everyone. Our next agenda point is the panel discussion. Before I introduce our panelists, I would like to kindly remind all of you that we are expecting your questions and comments in writing. For this, please use the question and answer box at the bottom of your screens. As Tanya mentioned, we have a regional project in the region and the panelists, mostly supporting this project from four country. And I would like to introduce all of them. And in addition, we have a panel member from Turkey. So the first panelist is David Babian, the director of the seed agency statement commercial organization from Armenia. Welcome, David. Our second panelist is Georgi Bozinov, head of the sector of approval and protection of new varieties, directorate of seeds and seedling materials from the ministry of agriculture, forestry and water economy from North Macedonia. Welcome, Georgi, in the panel. Our third panel member is Jigitali Jumaliyev, the head of the department of plant growing and intensive agriculture of the ministry of agriculture of Kyrkiz Republic. And the fifth panel member, it's actually a combination because our national focal point Masuda, no, sorry, the fourth panel member, it's Taifur Kaglayan, who is an agriculture engineer and seed expert from Turkey. He has more than 30 years experience from the public and private sector in Turkey. And the fifth member of the panel, it's Hamidov Odil, who is the head of the seed planting and testing governmental entity from Tajikistan. And our colleague Masuda Saidov, we support him to participate in the panel discussion. The aim of this panel discussion to continue the experience and experience sharing on the challenges and opportunities of the seed systems under the COVID situation. And therefore we will discuss through three questions. All of the questions will be asked from all of the panel members. And I would like to ask you to try to keep your answers between two and three minutes considering the time situation with this panel discussion. So the first question, how affected the pandemic on the availability and accessibility of the seeds of the main crops in the seed supply chain. I would like to ask David to start with his answer. Thank you, Susanna. Thank you to organizers for having this webinar. I'm confident that it would be helpful to country representatives to get new ideas and to try to implement them in their countries. Getting back to the question, like many other countries, the seed system in Armenia is also experiencing challenges caused by COVID-19, which has negatively influenced the effective functioning of seed system in the country. In general, the seed system in Armenia has a number of problems, such as the limited number of certified local seed producers, or low awareness of most farmers about the positive impact of using certified seeds in their practice. Other issues include, for instance, not buying seeds from certified producers or sellers, or poor control of distribution in channels of locally produced seeds. All mentioned issues, especially in the time of COVID-19, affect the seed system functioning in general. Unfortunately, we are expecting continued long-term negative impacts on production and employment in the coming year as well. The COVID-19 pandemic had its negative impact, too. For instance, there have been issues related to the market access. Countries were trying to keep their produce seeds locally rather than exporting. These resulted in decrease of supply and increase of the prices. In this context, the observation shows that many households in Armenia prefer to buy seeds that have lower prices, and this is a common practice in the country. Together with that, countries saw a rapid increase of confirmed cases of disease in March, up to this time around 120,000 cases were announced that included many farmers, seed suppliers, employees, et cetera. In general, the availability of high quality seeds is very limited in the market because of the restricted number of local seed producers and the high prices of imported quality seeds. Serious, legumes, potato and vegetables buy more than half of the sonar as of the main agriculture crops in Armenia, which is about 250,000 hectares. Therefore, it is even more important and crucial to use high quality seeds to improve land use efficiency. I will try to be short in this question, and thank you for your attention. Thank you, David. I would like to ask Georgi to provide us his view on the availability and accessibility of seeds in case of Norse Macedonia considering the COVID situation. Georgi, you are muted. We cannot hear you. Sorry. After hearing all of these discussions from our colleagues, although the region within this project is, let's say, geographically not near or close, we have, I think, very, very similar or maybe even the same problems. So in Macedonia, at the moment, we do not feel any serious disruptions on the market, on the market of seeds, not on like shortages or increased prices, but we are expecting, let's say, these impacts on the seed sector to be felt on the mid to long terms. So for the analogy, I must stress that we are also highly dependent on imports of seeds and seedlings. Macedonia was one of the biggest exporters of seeds during the Yugoslavia period, but after the dissolution, we are highly dependent on that import. So there are only a number of varieties that are domestically produced and certified. So these quantities do not meet the demands of the national market. For example, in 1920, we had only seven new varieties enlisted in the national variety list. And five varieties were enlisted in 2020, just for the beginning of the testing, for the enlistment of the national varieties list. So there is also a moment that according to our legislature, we are also importing varieties that are enlisted in the common European Cotoloc of agricultural plants, and they are eligible for import in Macedonia, although they are not enlisted in the national varieties list. So our assessment is that the imports of seeds will be impacted especially in regards to the restriction of transport and movement on goods. And that's going to make a lot of passion for the seed sector and pressure for the increasing the import of food. So at the moment, this is not affected by the national financial programs that are ongoing. So in short, that would be, Susana, do you? Yes, we can hear you, please continue. So at the moment, this would be the, let's say, some kind of a summarized projection of the COVID impact on the seed sector in Macedonia. Thank you very much for your answer. I would like to pass the floor to Mr. Jumaliev from Kyrgyzstan to tell us a bit more about how the COVID affected on the availability and accessibility of the seeds. You are still muted. Sorry, we cannot hear you. Could you switch on your microphone? Sorry, we cannot hear you. We cannot hear you, please switch on your microphone. Mr. Jumaliev, could you switch on your microphone? Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Svezi pandemije mnogih strukturnih pravoljimi v otrosli semenovoststvo stali bolj očelidnami. Trudnosti, vyzvanje, ogrančenjami, mežnarodnih torgovli pavljali na rynah semen v Kyrgyzstanje, tako prijatel svehoj skulturmi, vynuždani importiru semen in posačni materijan iz drugih stran. Przede vsego, je to ovašne i pladovoje kulture. Boša je čas, katero posavljasi iz stran Evropa. Krom je tovo izza problem vatečnji seelekcij, mej prakistki polnosti zavisim od voza novih sortov in gibiridov iz stran bližnih, zdarnih zarbežje. Pajetom veslomno ogrančenje izza pandemijev okazvi svoje viljane na semenu sektor Kyrgljana. No, pravizvostom semen v respolike, kak odmetila edaj, zanimaj se 109 sempozov, iz nich toliko 11 je vljaste gozdaštno, ostanji časne in aksejne nošje stvo vsehoj skopretivo. No, takže, reazesji semen zanimaj se nekotaj krupne imelki, kampani, predprimatele naši respoliki, imeši v kontrakt z arvežnjem partnerami. Anja s kononom rabotujem po zakazom, što kaza se s sempozov, u njih imeši se svoje lidske aset in casta semena reazesji prema na bazi sempozov. Vse je lahko zdarstvena podješka s svojih korotpozvoditelej, av vyspešenje s sercijstirmi semenami in sazdanje v blagoprijatno ustvovi semenov s kazajstvem leh pravizvosti reazesji s sercijstirvanih semen, prijatetnih segov skultur. V 2019. roku bil podpisan zakon o gospodarstvim notaciji semenovosti. Danes zakon založil pravovu osnovu deli rešenju dvuh osnovnih vzajma sivaznih problemem izdeživojši s razviti semenovosti respoliki. Vse s kazajstveni tovarov prozivoditelej smogu prijatet sartovih sercijstirvanih semena po bolj niskem semenom, što položiti atraziti na površenju uržajnosti vej kastitva prozivodimej produkcij. Vo vtarih, pozvoliti semenovosti v kazajstvom povoljno semenovosti reazizovati vršenih semenovosti pod atracenim semenom, tem samom ukrepiti svoje fransih položenih, značiti in uveliši do vjev prozivosti sartovih sercijstirvanih semen. V imenu vesnoj gospodarstvoj kompenciju 30% vsojnosti semenovosti, što dovolj semenovosti, ješel v naših semenovosti. Zdaj sme dažem odmetiti, že postavka semenovosti po programu gospodarstvom natirana zapala kakras s poškej pandemiji tekuševo godo v desnoj. U nas bolj vedan režim intrivacijanej položeniha što zatuknila peridveženje in semenovosti kakrite toček parotar semen. Imeli se in drugi mnogaj problem. Dostuk vseh vseh vsehnih, da je upanjenje po lejvih rabot. Takim ob razem pandemije okazala seriozne vilejanie ne toliko na uveliši semenovosti vseh, ktorih se zhazajstvo. Včitujem, što kakrstani tegovnoj strana transporte zavismi od svojih celih smjakšenih negativne vilejane pandemije na vzpešnji sfermine vsemenami, kak je uža odmetil, še bila zapušena programa datirvana. Kromi togo, ministerstvo bila intirvana izmenenje nekatero normativne akte, čas nas v zakonu vozdarstvani data semenovosti i položeniha semenovosti v hazaistih in tako položeniha mehanizma vozdarstvani data. Vsega vzdarstvani data semenovosti v sfermine vsemenovosti v hzprije položeniha. Srečeniji so tako karstavnih struktuur, paromene, vsezdi pandemije značiti na vsemenovosti v vsemenovosti vsemenovosti v hzprije položeniha, vsezdi nekatero, vsezdi nekatero, v pohodu prezivati boljši. V konce chacu odmetiti katevstvo dopoljnetnih merv, adapta se k novoj realnosti, kateri je še možno prejnet, možno dobaviti, što prevedenje informacijonej kompanii ili firmer vsem, vsem v hozov, v vizskah, svezno z pandemije. Tako, kaj v prudno skazati, ovozmožno z postavah sejmen v sledušem godu v ponenim izmarati kontraktom. Tako, kaj vam izgleda, maj soznal koperativ KVS, kateri me jih spojratim sejme na vašen kultur, stran Aziji, Japoni, Rostiji in drugih strana. Tako, vtara, ježde, akazene financije pomoši sem podum, itd. v vorme ljugodnih kreditov na guzdačnem projektu u nas všestju, financijno vse skazati ježegodno, katero pravistvom vhoditi, postanavljeni pravistvom. Tako, maj, izpozivim, šat, maj nasili metod kanselidast mejvkih vsem kozov, katerih chodim, tepe objednjenjem, dobro objednjenjem vsem kozov in perihode perspektore kampanii. A tako, konečno, mej dažno odmeti, što sveršenstvo roboto u nas naožni z zemine delje, u nekih sem podi eksperimentalne kazaistvo, katero ja ne dažno zanimasi pravistvom zemem v vših repravdu vsi mesi, predesupiriti, predesupiriti, predesupiriti, predesupiriti, predesupiriti, predesupiriti, predesupiriti, predesupiriti, predesupiriti, predesupiriti, predesupiriti, predesupirati, predesupirati, predesupirati, predesupirati, predesupirati, predesupirati, predesupirati, predesupirati, predesupirati, predesupirati, predesupirati, predesupirati, predesupirati, predesupirati, predesupirati, predesupirati, predesupirati, predesupirati, predesupirati, predesupirati, predesupirati, predesupirati, predesupirati, predesupirati, predesupirati, predesupirati, predesupirati, Seriš, ni jen tudi sreči, da jem mu očem, kot sem izgledajš? Zanimamo, da vse vse vse tako kot vse vse vse, da jem mi zvukajš, da sem zvukajš, da jem mi zvukajš, da jem mi zvukajš. Vsi ki se prikrati, če si moraš, da sem počekajš, da sem prikrati, če si moraš, da sem počekajš. Če si moraš, da sem počekajš. Zelo ciljš, da sem počekajš. E, pandemi, ajnez zamanda bakanlčalšanlarno, da dovolj olarak vardijalčalšanlarno gerektivdi zaman eleman skilstvina, dišljeler hizmetleri da akzama oldo. Jani, javaštama oldo, jani uzama oldo. Bunlar ne bilisil in getil miš olu sorun, dolarodan doroga, tarm sanaičisi, demiš oldo, ozeh sektorin vstile bindi. Ozeh sektori, bunlari koordetvekten, zorom, ozeh sektorin vaseljom. Ozman, ozeh sektorin, da zaman vsečen sem bakal, da ilk pandemi nečešnje, sokačkma jasa vardi. Ama hem bakanljom z naprej, ki bile bil goriščveler, hem de bilišsnoj v bišejde altičilmek lazim, tukajdaki tohojom sektori, ajno zamanda, ozeh sektorin, bileški šo ljudi, bir birliktelik var. Onlara temsejde, bi kurlušlar var. Bu kurlušlarom da giršimejle beraber, bu olemler, biljana enče bakanlčan alnara, tohojom sektori vzela čalšan, sanaiči, davatči, večivči lerin, bu jasahtljordan alukormlatsi saalandi. Jasahtljordan olemler terapodan kaldrildi, daha kolačtirčale geldi, ve daha čok alana olašmaja vašladim, daha čok satmaja vašladim. Ančak, bunlariš etkilemedi, deil. Bunlariš vse etkiledi. Bile, orenek verejim, itarattansi etkilendik, giraja transi etkilendik. Bakanljodan bahsi tudi, bakanljodan zirai karantina kurumlari, vesela, islambodan zirai karantina kurumlu, ortaja čekan pandemije, deiline kapatilmak zorunda kaldi. Arkadaşlarom zelo pozitiv, Covid-19, yakalan vzema, kapatilo. Ne oldo? Ordan malihrač v interalepte, čansimiz olmalo. Gjubrije gelen mali pašla gjubri kapasina, tašimak zorunda kaldi pirmalar. Bu da, yaklaşki, bir aylik misrečci getiv gerektirijo. Bu da, ee, zamaninda interati gešikteželjeme dijse, čivči je o urljeni olašilmasnih maresel sorunjašlamaja vašlad. Ančak baktivim zaman, tukovčuk sektori jine de, gešikteželjeme sistem ola tukovčku, otvrljubim sistemem bahsedijo. Ve, devamno ola, bahsedjete vsi oldu dvoj, ajalni, bir-biri ola, iliškjeljeni devamno kuruldo, ve devamno, berabir ortak čalšma noklasina, gedikleri de bahsedijo. Ovo zelo ortak kararlarna, ortak čalšmalarna, bu sorunjeljeni uštešteni gešikteželjeme ja vašladu. Bunlara koordinacijonu de, heri birisni ba hvalovošno ljudi bilikleri var, dom sanajžiljeni bilikleri var, da atičiljadebi šolil, bajilerin bilikleri var, iliškjeljiciljeni bilikleri var, bunlara da ortak enteklasijonu ve bakalnitva japljana gešikteželjena čelčimesine, bu sistemden en az zarar nebileček v noktoje gelbegač valaštir. Ve, ben, danedi jom, ki šu anda, bilaz jo enče, ISF te katran aklašim zbi še sredi, Martinsan ajda ekim dönemine bazi kriščega jašljadim, oruj gjordim. Amma biz, tudi ki jo lera sreč Martinsan, belki bir anda o gildi viz nokteja kadar gerekazdiklari jašljadim, čok pa je etkilimemiš ola biliris. Amma esas vizim, burun, olubsi etkli, gešikteželjemiši dönem, šu dönem. Jani, biz sombahar ekilišteljne gešikten tohovunetimine, tohovum kalitesinde bu sujet sarafom jašljadim, bu sorunlar gešikten kaliteje ve öretimikda etkli edimik gešikemizdaman šu anda. Oizden ben diyorum ki sombahar dönemine bi gešiljelim vizde, če ki Türkiye ne dešlik bölgelerine, dešlik temaljnarda, ekim, dikim ve asat yapılir, üretim yapılir. Oizden ik bahar dönemine gešildik, sombahar dönemine bi gešiljelim. Hepsine entekle ola onoviš bišekilde gešikten sektorim vzvejne hem kalitačsinden, hem verimikda aračsinden bi etkisi onoviš budur, hem de çivči ulašim asim asimdan. Çivči ulašimak dönemli, dedi im bi, çivči ulašimak te bazi sorunlari ješadim. Transporte sorunlari ješadim, juklenmesi de sorunlari ješadim ve bir de daha čok genellik de Türkiye de tohov filmarlari, tohov v istimeti esteri organizične sanaj bölgelerine yeralir. Organič sanaj bölgelerinin de čalšan iskjilerin čalšma saateli korodine edildi in de malesev čalšma saati vardiali čalšmaklari čekaj tek bi kisela döneme dek geldi. Tek bi kisela döneme dek gelence tohov v istimesine güljuk atjorim, kolik tohov v istimesine kaprezesini malesev 3 tohovne, 5 tohovne džišimek sorundak aldi. Bu da tohov v istimesine srečini uzatti. Tohov v istimesine srečini uzatil masi demek bakanlik yapaca analiz sorušlarinda da ileri v tali atmasi demek. Vurdan da se elektrikacijon srečinin uzamasi demek. Bu da čivči je zamanan ee je tek laj bi dafada yapma šansımız olusa daha detali v toplanti da bir jildir bi sreči tamamil albiš odmak lazım. O sreč, činki dešik bölgelerde, dešik zamanljarda ortaja čekamo v srečni ve dešik grubni grublari dan basirujem. Türki je dejakla štik 1 milijon ton sretikal tam fazna sretikal tohov üretilir. Srandar septo tohov nara v runilšin da bunlarn tukje čanbu da koordinacijonu malesev čok önemli genek nekada je, ama nekada je etki yapti bunun ölčiviru še vanda srečne šansımız jo ama bazi ormstvih kar je še zamanljardakovil bar bunlarn rakamsal dejeni belkijleri kačemo da tek laj srečne šansmo ortaja čekamo. Belki sreče bilo anlatmaja čalšajem sorolar olusa če aplandirajem etkilerin daha srečne detali vorek anlatma šansmo olusa se bilim. Thank you very much for your answer. I would like to give the floor the last panel member from Tajikistan to Hamidov Odiel. Masuda, your colleague, do you hear us? Could you step in and connect Mr. Odiel to the discussion to answer to this question? Yes, hello to everyone. I hope that you hear me very well. We already prepare based on your reply to your question that how COVID implicator to the seed production and especially seed importers. Here my colleagues say that more than 80% of seeds at Tajikistan is depending on import of seeds. 80% of seeds, especially for vegetables are imported and most of them are hybrids. We have around four biggest private company who are the main importers of seeds here in Tajikistan and one government authorities under the Ministry of Agriculture is on seed production and these who are responsible on improving seed banks here in Tajikistan. Based on what we can say that yes, COVID, unfortunately already now many government and farmers face a lot of challenges and problems during the early stage when the season was started, the COVID implication or impact was not feelable and not affected but for the second, especially for the autumn crops farmers already face a lot of problems because due to the limited access to the good quality seeds, they are trying to use their traditional seeds which is low quality. First, the second, it's not certifiers and there is no guarantee on production and any kind of disease. They are trying to support or they are trying to use what they have. Also increase of price for the good quality seeds. It's another challenges which farmers at the moment faced that price increase for more than 35 percent which is not very effective and accessible for smallholder farmers, especially. Another thing that they say that accessibility to the good quality seeds and other challenges which we at the moment are facing that there is no clear mechanism especially on importing because a lot of when especially private sectors try to import they have a lot of challenges on bureaucracy, paperwork. Also they face on that availability of good quality seeds in the stocks or warehouse of seed producers in the different countries. This is also affected to the farmers and also in limited and also this inspection part as other colleagues also said that even those the country have agreed with other country that they will use green corridor to import seeds production but they face a lot of problems on logistics transport when logistic companies are not ready to import their products or to bring products to Tajikistan. This is overall about the effect of COVID more on government action what they are doing, how they solve the problems what their reaction we will discuss in other when other questions will be raised. Thank you. Thank you very much Masuda and all of the panelists to go through the first set of answers for the first question. Konsidering the timeframe of the webinar we decided to merge the second and the third question so I would like to introduce you this question and that will be the last one in case of the panel discussion. I would like to ask all of you to really shortly let us know that are there any program or mechanisms in place on seed security which can apply to mitigate the possible effects of the seed supply chain and which are the measures which adapted or could be adapted in the future to tackle this issue related to the COVID-19. So basically I would ask all of the panel member to try to answer the second and the third question which was shared initially with you under this one intervention. Thank you very much and I would like to again start with David if it's possible. Thank you Susanna. So with regards to the questions you rise to the ongoing situation in Armenia related to the COVID-19 outbreak. The Armenian government have temporarily shifted its priorities to combat the consequences of the pandemic in order to ensure seed security and mitigate negative impact of COVID-19. Armenian government have periodically introduced COVID-19 rescue packages to help the domestic economy and including packages of the agriculture sector and especially for the seed system. The negative impact of COVID-19 is especially apparent on large scale producers rather than on small hope holders. This has been related to the increase in prices of input materials such as seeds, fertilizer, salaries to increase the purchasing power of households in a wheat seed breeding fields. The government of Armenia introduced a project in this year that allowed importing premium quality seeds as well as buying from certified seed producers. The government has made such investment not only for combating the COVID-19 related consequences in short run but also bringing positive changes in the seed system in a long run meaning making Armenia a more self-sufficient country in terms of seed production. So how the mechanism works in this project? The first step that's importer or local producer should be registered in a specialist developed by Ministry of Economy and provides the special application that the company or physical entity is ready to participate in a project. After all documentations when they import or produce wheat seed, our company meaning that seed agency does the registration certification, laboratory tests and if it matches the condition of seed, the government subsidize the sold price for one kilogram about 12 euro cents. By this it assures that farmers are getting quality seeds with low price and producers or importers are having enough revenue. In general, the subsidized amount is about 32-35% per one kilogram and farmers pay the rest of the seed price. The project has a lot of limitations and conditions. I wanted to show you how the mechanism works and on the other hand let me inform you that within this project there were subsidized wheat seeds and for about 5,000 tons and out of which 1,000 tons is locally produced. So this is one project that government introduced in this COVID-19 pandemic. What else could be done? In my view there is enough possibilities to develop new measures and let me list some of them. Number one, I think that government should increase the support to seed producers locally by replacing the import with local production. The support should be done twofold. One is supporting the seed production institution of impendences like training stuff in abroad, investing new machineries et cetera and the second is in farmer level which is a new project for new upcomers upcomers meaning that seed producers as well as projects for continued seed producers. Number two, the farmers should be continuously trained with the following subjects. Certified seed production, one subject and the second how the certified seed would positively impact their farming. By the first subject we create new seed producers in farmer level which will give long run effect. The second subject will have positive impact on behavioral approach during buying seeds. In other words, farmers will give advantage to buy certified seeds rather than not certified seeds. Number three, monitoring system should be established to monitor the selling and buying mechanisms of not certified seeds which is a major issue in our country. And number four, joint projects could be developed in health and agriculture sectors. For instance, the way of farming in pandemic situation or hygienic systems production in farming in this kind of subject would be. Of course, there are more possibilities but in my view aforementioned ones are quite important to ensure the normal development path of the seed production. Thank you for your attention. Thank you very much. Georgija, I would like to give you the floor to answer to the same question related to the mechanism in the country and the possible measures should be taken to to get the effect. Thank you. Thank you, Susana. So, since January this year when the crisis started, the government has adopted four, let's say, relief packages for the business community in general. So in Macedonia there is no program which is dealing with the consequences of the crisis. Directly as a kind of financial aid to the seed sector. So the approach was to generally provide financial and administrative relief to all companies from different sectors of the economy. So if we are talking specifically about the measures, these measures were, let's say, diffused. They were in the rank of direct financial payments to companies, reprograming and delay payments of debts to banks and banks and other financial institutions. They provided, loans were provided to companies with zero or, let's say, 1.5 interest and favorable grace periods, especially with the focus on small and medium enterprises. There was also a general ban for, was introduced for opening any kind of bankruptcy procedures. The custom procedures were also derogated and relieved. So in general, delayed payments at the value at the tax. So in general, these were these kind of measures that were applied on the general business, on the general business environment. Regarding to our, let's say, programs, they are still in some kind of pre-COVID mode. They are still running in operational. So here we're discussing about the direct payments to farmers, the EPAR, the pre-accession funds, financial funds for the accession to the European Union. Then, of course, the investment schemes for rural development. So we have payments, financial support payments for, generally for domestic produced and certified seeds and seedling materials. Regarding the procedures for registration, legal registration of suppliers, they are still running as usual, but our assumption is that we should put more straight to to design some measures for financial support. They will directly deal with the COVID crisis in the seed sector and, of course, made some, maybe major general re-evolviation of the legal frame. In order to repeal the administrative barriers and maybe even the irrigation to certain requirements, especially which are in the in the field of registration of producers. So that would be in brief, very brief. Thank you very much to keeping your intervention in that brief and even provide a lot of useful information. I would like to ask Mr. Jumariyev to try to answer the same questions related to the existing programs and the possible measures should be applied to mitigate the effect. Your microphone is muted. Thank you, Mr. Jumariyev. Microphone is gender posonar. Please try to switch on your microphone. Good afternoon. Now, just for Kyrgyzstan a very problematic question is the selection of seeds. In this connection, now we are creating a working group that is working on a state program for the development of the selection of seeds. We will consider the measures in the years. And here of course, here will be the financial support from the donor side, we will ask and of course the risk budget. Also, as I mentioned, we already have the legislation in which the system is being worked on. And next year we will also consider the selection of the budget money. There will be a wide range of cultural priorities. If this year we were only for the selection of the seeds, in the next year there will be a certain society. And as an expert we will decide whether to date. I said that 70% of the farmers will apply, 30% of the state will apply to the state. Thank you for your answer. I would like to ask Mr. Daifur Kajglayan from Turkey to also answer the same question. Thank you, I say. Yes, in Turkey, the seed sector is really perceived as a very important sector, so it is necessary to evaluate the changes in terms of support. In Turkey, there is a view that the seed is accepted by everyone and it provides an increase. That is why in Turkey the production of seed seeds is supported in the industrial base and is known to be known to the farmers who use the seed of this seed are also given the money to use the seed of the seed. That is, the seed used by the farmers is received by the state. That is why the seed used in Turkey is still in this year. In some groups there is support in different areas. In these groups, every year they are evaluated and changed in that way. This is one. In Turkey, there are nearly 1000 seed firms in particular. If the infrastructure is necessary by the state, the certification services are given to these companies. They are set by themselves but under the state's supervision and state's certification, this is also a result of the reduction of bureaucratic operations in the field of certification. In the example I said, the infrastructure is given to firms. In the case of 1000 farms, maybe there is a firm that can take care of this system. One of the important functions is to develop new varieties in the field of seed development. Tato res se je, zv礁 na neko vlastičnih odplovati, izveč vseh kiničneh barč Murak. Tudi v počke učniku odpronovati je kvalitet, nizg keče učniku modljovati, zelo vseh kčči učniku modljovati. T 부čak na srovne stacije do počku chemistika pa štem, ki ali imajo dobro deljiha opratično, zame nekaj provej izgledaj, što prej好ga jaznaga... Tako v realistikšρι tudi, nekaj birjo pa vaudiного jaznaga, pa bo bo prijednil izgledaj, začivaj, kjer zuže, niče povoj, nekaj bilo z額, nekaj kurva, nekaj bilo paražu per mene stats, nekaj bilo pa začivaj, nekaj nekaj bilo, nekaj bilo, nekaj bilo, nekaj bilo, nekaj bilo, nekaj bilo, nekaj bilo katera baktnog zaman Tom kalifesine bi artis sajlamištir. Tüm bunlar, bu ašelmalar, bu destekler, Türkiyei nere getir mištir. Türkiye je daha enče, gečekten, çok izračatični olmejan, bazi v ljude, dvežekne, tavam in tarete baalan v ljude, kem bugün Tom izračatični, 130-150 miljon doralara čekala v ljude koromuna gelmištir. Türkiye češal, Türkiye bojun, bu destekle le beraber, dunjada bazi, ne bilim, unustrasi, kurluštara nida, uyesi olarak, tanitrih hale gelmištir. Abo bunlara getir mištir. Bunlara, Türkiye in kapacitresne baktnog zama, getir mištir. Bu desteklerin, bi traptanda, Türkiye in yeni potencijeni değerljeneceksiniz, bi traptan, Covid-19-u getir mištir, soronno ordu dan, kalirajtez. Yeni bi desteklemi modellerin ne bude devrija sobulması, mevčutlaran da artirila, suhdujmezi girekir. Bunlara, enemni desteklerin, bi tanesi, hodim v primerih strane, pa si se znamen, doda bude, kaj v teh či ne vstanji, v tem, nekaj ali vresne. Da, da woo! Vznikam, da bo to, da bo to, da bo to, da bo to, to bo to, da je tudi po vseh, da danes pravajte, da je, da bo to, da je, da je to, da te, da je, da je. Zato so bom, If you will talk about the implication of COVID to the seed production, this early this year, the several programs and regulation was accepted by government. First of all, agrarian reform program, which should finish in the end of 2020, was extended for additional two years, and the main priority of this reform is improve seed production and improve quality of seeds and accessibility of seeds to the farmers, which through the different interventions will be in cooperation with the private sector. It's meant the motivation of private sector to invest into the seed production through the different establishing laboratories, producing seeds with in vivo and in vitro methods and others, legislative support of private sector and seed producers. It's meant that it will be some maratories for seed producers, which will produce seeds and others. This is agrarian reform programs till 2020. Another degree is the program for development of seed growers. Groving sector in Tajikistan till 2022. It's meant that promotion of seed production with a view of improved quality and production of seeds. In this degree, there is a seed security program, which means that government already is thinking and developing the mechanism of seed security here in Tajikistan. Different tools like revolving fund, improving seed banks in Tajikistan. And of course, together with the development partners, they already start to test revolving fund and the seed bank here in Tajikistan, where FAO also actively involved on these activities through improving seed bank of food security crops, like potatoes, nutrition-sensitive crops. And also support government with revolving fund. And there is a special government program, which is supported by development partners on improving, again, the seed banks, where the government this year plan to import more than 1,000 tons of potatoes and more than 1,000 tons of wheat seeds, elite variety in order to improve the seed banks, but this is only 0.05% of needed seeds in Tajikistan. Which is very low, but within two, three years, when we will have this first and second reproduction, we can say that around 25% of Tajik farmers on seeds will be somehow sold. Another thing where the government already working on this, this is a degree or this is a program on the registration system of seed production. It means to improve the tracking system of seed production, tracking system of post harvest seed production. It means improving the quality of grading, sorting, storage of seeds that could be implikated into improvement of overall quality of products. Another main issue already said that this year government from their own budget plan to invest to the different research institutes to conduct the research on rehabilitation of traditional seeds here in Tajikistan. It improves the genetic resource of seeds here in Tajikistan, which means that together with the Institute of Horticulture, of Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Tajikistan, Ministry of Agriculture and the certification agencies will work on identifying the main crops, traditional seeds and will work on genetic improvement of the seeds in order to have more better quality of seeds and increase the productivity. This is in a very short, but if anybody have a question about the situation in Tajikistan, you can write and we will be happy to reply for this. Thank you. Thank you very much Masuda for the answers and I would like to say thank you all of the panel members for participating on this discussion and I would like to pass back the floor to Tanya Santivanes for the closure of the webinar. Thank you colleagues. In order to conclude and highlight the main thank-you message of our webinar, I would like to invite for concluding remarks to Mr. Chekelu Mbea, who is the team leader of seeds and plant genetic resources of plant production and protection division of FAO. Chekelu, the floor is yours, please. Okay, thank you very much Tanya for this opportunity to intervene and I thank you and your very hard-working team that made this exciting event possible. Let me take a step back and say that in the plant production and protection division at FAO, our main task is to enable farmers to transition to sustainable crop production, intensification and diversification. And one pillar for achieving this aim is certainly quality seeds and planting materials. So this event today very much aligns with the work that we do. And I convey the thanks of the leadership of the division to you, Tanya, our colleagues in Budapest and all the participants, all the panelists and discussants. We are also not surprised that this very informative event comes from this region. I am personally aware that there has been a project on the harmonization of seed regulation and policies in the eco region, funded by the government of Turkey, I believe for two phases, all aimed in facilitating seed trade within the region, because I believe you in the region agree with us that there can be no good crops without good seeds. I also find it quite encouraging that this diversity of actors have been assembled. So the diversity of opinions and perspectives that have been expressed is also a source of encouragement for us as it basically validates the work that we do. The timing of this event is also quite opportune for us at FAO. There has been allusions to the sustainable development goals, which I would be very frank to say that we are probably not on track to achieving zero hunger in the next less than 10 years. And why do I say that the reports, the state of food security and nutrition in the world for 2020 indicated clearly that more than 2 billion people lacked regular access to safe, nutritious and sufficient food in 2019. So this was the dire situation in the world before COVID-19 happened. So again, COVID-19 is forcing us all to rethink our strategies, the way we do business, and it is encouraging and gratifying to hear about the steps that countries are already taking to mitigate the effects of this unprecedented pandemic that nobody really has any experience on how to deal with. In a small way, our immediate intervention has been to develop a policy guidance note of brief, and I see that in the question and answer session, my colleague Sean has already provided a link to that. But beyond the COVID, if we look at the whole situation, the whole unconscionable situation of food insecurity and malnutrition in the world, it's beginning to drive the global development context. And at fall, we are no exception. And it is going to influence quite a lot the new strategic framework which the organization is developing. An important pillar of our new strategic framework, which is going to shape how we intervene with countries in this region and indeed in other parts of the world is the so-called better production, producing more with less, as has already been alluded to by several of the colleagues that have intervened already. So, let me just point out that, yes, we can have this diversity of opinions as to how we reach this ultimate goal of producing sufficiently more food to feed an ever-growing population without damaging planet Earth. However, what is sacrosanct for us is that, as Wilson pointed out, farmers need to be sure that what they see is actually what they are going to get. And for that quality assurance is sacrosanct in whatever we do. Irrespective of the philosophy, irrespective of how we approach the goal, we should make sure that the farmer is confident that she or he is getting exactly what was desired. Then going forward, I would expect, and Thania, when the time comes, we would be relying on you to get on board these excellent panelists and participants. And I see that, at the point, we had over 100 participants to engage with fowl. I imagine that in the next year, or sooner afterwards, we are going to have a global convening. We are going to leverage fowl's significant convening power to bring the best minds, to bring all the stakeholders, to take stock as to how, you know, what are the solutions that are available for leveraging the seed industry that caters to all scales of farmers, and how do we leverage the seed industry most effectively to attain this better production that we all agree will be the pathway for achieving the sustainable development goal of zero hunger in less than 10 years. And with this invitation and notice as to what we will be doing, let me thank you all again very much. I have found these engagements quite enlightening, and I look forward to our continued engagement on this subject and several more. Thank you all very much. Thank you very much, Tiki, for the concluding remarks, and also for your kind words. After this, it's time to finish our fascinating webinar. Really, it was very fascinating webinar. And we like, thank you all participants, the speakers, panelists for their great inputs. Also, I would like to thank the organizers, interpreters, technical and communication team for making this event possible. I wish everyone a nice afternoon. Thank you very much. Goodbye. Bye-bye. Goodbye.