 अगर जो सकब नाग़ बद्ख्षत्री ने जगैंगे लिए मिलगतार, षक्द्ष ख़र, जी चो बाग़ा जोगा पद कुँँँँँँँँँँँँ, आंम of the random walk and we have discussed separately with drift then we have discussed separately with drift then we include the trend, when will there be a pure random work? Solve a trend in random work Then, what type of shape will come Then we discuss this type of shape separately Now we are going to discuss the comprehensive model of random work to discuss which options are possible in the possible options we have three options we have the random work आनका books अं। इंका आनका अग्छ हमा उआनने कि आद्चा integer अद्चा楠 dengan औगग अगर अप् YEAH । अदर् pin आदर तर minim लेग, after this we will know that if the constant of the value of the value of the value is zero, then if beta is not equal to zero लेग सी, it means like a constant, there is a drift in the model लेग सी, and beta is not equal to zero, it means there is some determinisctin in the model लेग सी, and beta is equal to one, it means there is non stationary series या ती मैंस वान्त की एक कलूज एस्वॉस्याशिएशन अगजिष्त करती है और इसके बाद हमारे पास जो नया माडल बनेगा this is yt is equal to β1 plus β2t plus yt minus 1 because its coefficient value is equal to 1 and we can say this is random work with drift and deterministic trend now how can we explain it, we have the example we graphically look at it, in this lower portion of this graph you can see AR1 with constant and trend here you can clearly see a trend that there is a positive trend when there is a positive trend, we have applied the AR1 process or we have defined the difference when we have defined the difference, the trend will be over and the trend will be over now your values will be over this is de-trending and in de-trending you can see the mean is constant with the passage of time and the variance is also constant because you can see the mean is here and here the mean is here and the mean is here in every next step, the mean is almost constant now the upper portion of this graph you can see there is a minor difference upper and middle again, if we look at the mean and variance of this graph this is again almost constant but in the lower portion of this graph you can see the mean with the passage of time is increasing now when the mean increases the situation will be different in the middle portion, the mean is constant and in the upper portion, the mean and variance are constant there is a minor difference in the upper portion, there is no trend there is no drift because the value starts from zero but when we come to the middle portion there is value of 1.5 1.5 is starting 0 is not starting if the value is starting from zero it means the random walk is with drift and without drift the idea will be that if the upper portion of the graph starts from zero we will say this is without drift but in the middle portion 1.5 is starting it means there is drift in the model and in the lower portion you have a deterministic trend so from here we will have an idea that when we ask for the option that you are going to include the drift or not so first of all you have to look at the graph so from the graph you will have an idea whether there is a deterministic trend you will have an idea that you have to include the drift or not to include the drift so the first step in the time series when you plot the time series the idea will be that this is deterministic this is pure random walk there is drift there is no drift how to detrain it how to take a difference you will have an idea of this from here