 This study has provided new insights into the heterogeneous nature of ureothelial cancer cells and their interaction with the tumor microenvironment. It has identified several key cell types involved in the progression of this disease, including malignant ureothelial cells, CD8-plus-T cells, CD4-plus-T regulatory cells, neutrophils, M2-polarized macrophages, and dendritic cells. Additionally, it has shown how these different cell types interact with each other to create a more immunosuppressive environment within the tumor. These findings could help inform future research on targeted treatments for ureothelial cancer. This article was authored by Xingwei Jin, Chuzheng Wang, Feng Xueluo, and others.