 This conference will now be recorded. I'm Minora Marousson. I'm the Africa Regional Coordinator and the Global Land Specialist for World Recommission. Yeah, I'm based in the World Recommission. It's a grassroots women movement that exists in approximately 50 countries around the world. Thank you, Minora. Thank you for taking the time to speak with me today. I just wanted to ask you a few questions about the upcoming conference on land policy in Africa and to see what you think about it. Now, why is it in your opinion that this 2019 conference on land policy in Africa focuses on land corruption? I think it's a timely to have this kind of discussion within the Africa continent because when you look into what is happening not only in the land sector but in all sector in the Africa region, I'm more aware of the sub-Saharan Africa. The issue of corruption is really an interest for the development activities across all the region and really it needs to be an issue to be discussed. Land is one of the main... If I'm taking Madagascar as a case since I live in Madagascar, land is one of the most corrupted area after the court, the justice. So I think it's really time to have a clear discussion and honest discussion about the issue of corruption in Africa and especially on land issues. Since I'm here to represent the grassroots women, it's I think when we go to the land administration, we are facing all of this issue of corruption. We have already looked into tools that exist that could help overcome this, but it's not enough. It really needs to be discussed in some way that make an impact. So my hope is for this land conference for it to have a really impact and we can tackle this issue in a correct manner. Thank you. Thank you so much, Mino. Just another question. In your view, what are the most pressing issues that need to be dealt with in terms of land corruption in Africa? I think one of the main issues is related to the large-scale land-based investment first that is really happening in Africa and you have the issue of eviction because of the rights of the communities that are not recognized in some way. That is maybe written, but the written point is not that much important. But really, you notice differences between the power, the bargaining power between the investors and the communities and then how the compensation is negotiated. That is one, eviction and compensation. And the other one is the issue of exclusion when you are having dialogues with the investor or when the state or government is now working on a development project, for example, how they are negotiating the use of the land and how now the people that are in those areas are treated in a correct manner. I think those are the main issues and the issue that has communities and grassroots women you have also this issue of where you can go for your rights to be recognized and for your rights to be protected in some way in a space where you have corruption, different form of corruption. I think those are the points that I wanted to talk about. Thank you so much. Another question, what concrete outcomes are you hoping for for this conference? What kind of concrete outcomes? I think this conference would platform for dialogue and for discussion from different stakeholders. My idea is that it will get off this conference with clear recommendation on how to tackle this issue of corruption across the continent and also how we can now have an action plan that will be really implemented in a way by the states and how then engagement between the states and the civil society organization or the stakeholders are taken on board and how we can work together to tackle this issue. I think that's my main object. What I want to see is really a concrete way forward to tackle the issue because I think it's high time for us to put our heads together and work on it. Okay, thank you. One of the themes of the conference is sustainable pathway for Africa's transformation. What does that look like in terms of land corruption, a sustainable pathway? I think a clear monitoring system, a transparent land administration that is put into place. Yeah, I think those two points is really, and also the issue of policy implementation. I don't know if I'm clear in my answers, but those three points for me is really important in having a sustainable pathway. The monitoring part and the transparency part in all the actions that we are doing from the implementation of the policies to the deals that are happening and everything, for example, if we are taking into account the investment part. Okay, thinking about that, what kind of policy dialogue are you expecting to happen at this conference? I think it's what I wanted to see is an openness when we are having a dialogue. I don't really get your question on this, but what I want to see is dialogues that will head to concrete actions. Really, that's what I wanted to see. If that's what you want me to see, but to talk, can you just give me more explanation on that last question? The policy dialogue is a major focus of this conference. Would you want to hear more about how women are affected in terms of land policies and corruption? In a specific sense, what policies do you think need to be addressed specifically about specific issues? I think, yes, since I'm from a grassroots movement, I would like really to all the policy dialogues to focus on the issue of women and the struggle that they are facing in ensuring that their rights are recognized within the land sector. You know, when we look into why the Africa, why will the commission come into the issue of land is because of HIV and AIDS and how the widows were evicted for their home when the husband died. So I think for us it's really important dialogue to have a focus on women land rights, be it on rural land or urban or be it in terms of what I said, monitoring. I think we have also a role to play in this issue of land monitoring. So yes, that would be a main point. I think it's a cross-cutting issues that could be addressed within all the policy dialogues that are happening. The other issue that the other dialogue that I wanted to see is the implementation of the agenda 2063 in terms of land and the implementation of the EU declaration on land challenges as issues, the framework on guidelines, how it really could be taken up by the African states for it also to be to be getting all the attention that they are giving to the Cadet, for example, and looking into really this issue of corruption, how it could be addressed within as a cross-cutting issues. Yeah, I think that's what I wanted to say. Okay, great. Thank you so much, Mino, and really appreciate you taking the time to speak with me today. Okay, thank you for inviting me to talk.