 Well, maybe you think that you get the kind of thing What this is from the appearances? Oh, no, because not all things of this kind have these colors Right remember I changed the colors and you still think it's that kind of thing And there's different examples of this thing that Don't have these colors at all maybe you think you get the Composition of it from your sensory information. Well, no, you don't get that either right after all Not everything has these colors and like us I change the colors right now like I change the colors and same composition But I you have not everything with these colors is composed has that kind of thing I'm not everything with these colors is of that sort of composition, right? These colors come in a wide variety of mediums. I I Really the you know the main main thing you need to learn here is that you don't get anything of the reality of the table From the appearances that's something you comprehend. That's something you interpret. Okay, right? But you don't get anything of the reality of the thing for from the appearances and if you want like a knockdown argument for this like okay fine You think you've been talking about a table But this entire time you've been looking at a screen you haven't looked at a table at all Just appearances so here's kind of the really scary upshot of all this. This is probably the disturbing full Implication of Russell's view Right now Russell's just fully willing to say right. He's willing to acquiesce to this He doesn't want to argue the point reality in some way causes our perceptions, right? He doesn't want to argue that point He's going to basically grant that there is a reality and that we have perceptions And there's a causal interaction from reality to our perceptions. Okay, but here's basically what that breakdown is, right? You know think about this thing again, and I kept saying well, you know, what are the what are its colors? Well, you know technically speaking the color is not in the thing Right the color is not in the thing The thing causes the colors But it's not in the thing Okay, I mean what's out here are our objects, right? This is what exists out in the world according to our best of our physics. What's out here are objects and There's electromagnetic radiation Electromagnetic radiation strikes the objects some of it's absorbed some of it's reflected off. Okay What's reflected off travels? To our eye passes through the coin in a strikes the optic nerve through a chemical reaction Which we don't understand which sends a signal down the optic nerve Through our spine to the back of the head right back here Through another chemical reaction, which we don't understand which causes the sensation we call color in this case something like brown And even that description isn't technically accurate with what's happening here because what's happening here is Yeah, I don't know the engineers out there would be able to explain what's happening with a screen better than I can But somehow there's a substance that's excited by electricity in the screen Which causes a certain wavelength of electromagnetic integration to emanate from the screen? So it's not a reflecting at this point matches emanating which passes through your cornea strikes the optic nerve chemical reaction We don't understand along the spine back here chemical reaction. We don't understand cause the cessation color Okay, that's where color exists Color doesn't exist out there only exist right back here. So you have that old Question if a tree falls in the forest doesn't make a sound Well, no, it doesn't Sound exists right back here. What's out here are, you know, so in this case Right, my vocal cords are vibrating are vibrating and causing concussive waves of air molecules Those concussive waves of air molecules travel to the ear canal strike The ear drum which interacts with the optic nerve with the chemical reaction, which we don't understand Sends a signal up to the back of the brain with another chemical reaction, which we don't understand which causes sound And even in this case you're watching this video You're not near my vocal cords right now. You are displaced through space and time Right now there's a speaker That's causing the vibrations So even at this point you are not hearing my voice you are hearing a speaker so Reality Causes all of this But causes are distinct from their effects Color doesn't exist out here color only exists right back here Right now you're looking at screens. I see a wall. I see a guitar. I see a person. No, you don't you see a screen Which is mimicking certain colors Or producing certain colors which you interpret as a person I hear professor have it. No, you don't you hear speaker You hear a speaker What use what you are attributing to a reality right now isn't even caused by that reality caused by a speaker in a screen Not by me. I mean there's a causal chain, but i'm not in front of you So this is the point that russia's trying to make Reality causes appearances But causes are distinct from their effects Now this has a really weird implication You think colors are in the thing they're not in the thing. There's no brown in that guitar There's wood, but no brown brown exists right back here. There's no sound In the guitar The sounds right back here That's where the sound is So all of our appearances do not exist in the objects around us They're caused by the objects around us, but they do not exist in the objects around us. That means Whatever this is