 Basically, the way Arabic is now is that it's Arab, Arabic speakers, when people grow up speaking Arabic, they grow up in a situation which is called, technically it's called diglossia, if you're interested, it's called a situation of diglossia, which means they're basically two different languages, you basically grow up having to know two different languages, one language to write and read and listen to the news in, and then another language to communicate daily and to talk with people in general, and that's kind of the mother tongue basically is one language and then in order to learn how to read and write, you have to go to school and learn a second language, that's pretty much the situation of Arabic today, in that there are similarities between written and spoken Arabic, a lot of it is very similar and a lot of it is the same, but they're pretty much different languages, the spoken Arabic is for the most part based off of the written Arabic, but if you learn one, you would usually have trouble understanding the other, if you didn't have any experience in the other. Now the way the Arabic is written and read, that Arabic is typically called, or at least from that Western academic perspective, called modern standard Arabic or MSA for short, modern standard Arabic, so that's the Arabic that we're going to be learning, if you spoke, if you learnt modern standard Arabic and then you went to say Cairo for example, and you spoke modern standard Arabic to people in the street, they don't understand you, most people are just generally exposed to modern standard Arabic and like I said, it's very similar to the Arabic that they speak there as well, but they think you'd be, they think you're quite strange, I mean they tell immediately that you were foreign, if you didn't already look foreign already, and it would be like, I mean imagine someone coming up to you and speaking like how Shakespeare wrote his poetry, how odd thou, alas, you know, that was the kind of English that was there in a few centuries ago, 1500, that kind of time. The modern standard about Arabic is very much that modern standard Arabic is pretty much the same as the Arabic of the Quran, with a few differences of grammar, they're pretty much the same language, a few differences in grammar, a lot of difference in vocabulary, but it's pretty much the same language, and so the Quran was revealed in the 7th century, and so that's more than double the distance between the English we speak now and Shakespeare's English is what Quranic Arabic is to the Arabic that's spoken today, and so a lot of change has happened in the language, and so it's very, it would be odd for you to be speaking modern standard Arabic to regular people in the Arab world, and then just from country to country or place to place, the different dialects of spoken Arabic are very different. Arabic is considered one language and then kind of modern standard Arabic and the different colloquial or spoken Arabic, such as Egyptian Arabic and Moroccan Arabic and Levantine or maybe Lebanese, Syrian Arabic, they're all called Arabic, but we could view them as completely different languages as well, such that some of them are so different that they're as different as French, Spanish, Portuguese and Italian are different from each other. All of those languages come from Latin originally, but they're completely different languages. If you didn't have much exposure to another one of them, you might not really be able to understand what's going on. But what we're learning is modern standard Arabic, inshallah, and this is known in Arabic also as al-fusha, al-fusha, al-fusha, al-fusha, al-fusha, al-fusha. So al-fusha literally means the most eloquent, the most eloquent. And so it's considered the most eloquent speech. To me, it sounds a lot better. It has more of a structure, more of a grammar. You can make more sense of it than you can with colloquial or spoken Arabic. So this is what we'll be learning, inshallah. The writing system in Arabic, if known as familiar with it, in English we write from left to right. But Arabic goes, so for example in the word al-fusha, from, I apologize, the pen isn't that good from this angle. But the main idea, Arabic goes from right to left. And so when we think about this, this is the beginning of thinking about Arabic from a broader perspective. The reality of this language is that it is the language in which Allah, subhanahu wa ta'ala, exalted to be He, chose to reveal His final, it's the language through which He chose to reveal His final revelation. And the only revelation which is promised to last unchanged until close to the last day. And so there's a difference of opinion among the scholars as to whether Arabic is divinely inspired, as in, it's a divine language that Allah ultimately taught to Adam, and then it came down and was preserved in a certain way up to the time of Muhammad, peace be upon them both. There are some scholars who say that's the case. There are some scholars who say, no, it's a human language, but ultimately it has so much significance that we can talk about many layers of its significance in that it was the language that Allah has chose to reveal His final message in. Regardless, it's the language of the Quran. It's the language that Allah and His Messenger, peace be upon him, used. And so there is a lot of significance in this language, a lot more than we could find in other languages. So for example, when we think about writing from right to left, we can think about the significance of that as well. That's not, that's not just arbitrary. It's not that that's completely without reason. And we think that on the last day, we get a book of deeds, inshallah, with all of us being good people with good intentions, we receive them with our right hand. Whereas those who have not done so well in life, get them with their left hand or behind their back with their left hand. And so we're always encouraged to do things with our right hand in our tradition, to eat with our right hand, to drink with our right hand, to shake hands with our right hand. And so there's significance that and significance in in our tradition, starting on the right is something recommended to do something noble. And so therefore, even the writing system starts from the right. Another important thing to to note about the structure of Arabic, there are two two aspects of the Arabic language, which, which are very important, both of which give it meaning. Basically, every word, every complete word in Arabic can be broken down into two things. Every word in Arabic can be broken down into a form, and broken down to its root. A form is kind of the, the ultimate grammatical structure of that of that word. And then the root is the particular letters in that word that that have meaning. And, and both of these provide that word with meaning. So I'll give I'll give a few examples. If if we look at the the intention of Imam al Haddad that we have, we see, let's see the 12345678 lines of the English transliteration of it. So if we look at the at the fifth line, it says no way to. So if we see that the fifth line, no way to. So the first word no way to means means I intend or I have intended is learning. So the form for this is the word learning is this isn't it isn't so important to know this word right now. And so it's not it's not part of the vocab list. But I just give this an example. Okay. Now, now the, the next word after that it says no way to. And some of the other symbols that not really words in itself what means and so on it says no way to. It's learning and teaching. So the basic word that that's in there removed of the grammatical markers around it is. So in these two words, these two words are words that have the same root, the same root, but not the same form, same root, but different forms. The root of them is this is a letter in Arabic. Like I said, we'll be getting to it. So that's a line and mean, even though there are other words at other letters that are common between them. These are basically the important ones. The lamb, the lamb and the mean, who can tell me anything on this path and maybe another word you might have heard that that is like this is kind of based on the same root. How do we say knowledge in Arabic? Exactly. Knowledge in Arabic is is this is this big enough? You think? Okay, okay. Right, same root. Word for knowledge in Arabic is has the same root as the word for teaching and the word for learning. Any other words people can think of maybe? Alim. Good. One of the names of Allah, the knowledgeable one, al alim al alim. Right, Allah, the knowledgeable, the knower. Also, we have alim, alim. Right, alim is literally one who knows or really, also a scholar, someone who someone knowledgeable, is the plural of that word, is literally knowers. Though typically it means it means scholars kind of in a technical way. All of these same roots, different form. The whole root, what does the root have to do with? What does what does this particular root? What does it have to do with? It all has to do with knowledge, right? It all has to do with knowledge. And then these these words derived from, from this root. They all have to do with knowledge. So the most knowledgeable, someone who's knowledgeable, knowledge itself. Teaching, which is ultimately giving knowledge to others, making others more knowledgeable, and then ta'alum, learning, making oneself knowledgeable. Right? All of these things. Now, if we now refer back to, to, again, the intentions. Here we have the way to ta'alum wa ta'alima wa tathakkura wa tathkira. So now we have, so tathakkura, the both of these, once again, same root, different form. Here we go. The root is Do we know any other, any other words that kind of look like that? Vikr, right? Vikr. And the reason I, that I underlined the DH in here. And as I underlined these, to show you that it's not, it's not dha'ikr, dha'ikr, right? It's this is this is one letter in Arabic, the one that's being underlined. It's one sound. Vikr. Right. So what does Vikr literally mean? Rememberance, right? Remembering remembrance. Vikr. So we can see tathkir, tathkir, when when we see, in a way to ta'alum wa ta'alima wa tathkura wa tathakkura wa tathkira. If we skip down to the to the translation, I intend to study and teach to remember and remind. So tathakkur, reminding oneself, tathkir, reminding others, right? Remembering and reminding others. So all of these words, these words have to do with have to do with remembrance and remembering. They're all have the same root, but different form. These two across here, same form, but different root. So we see here, we have tathakkur. Sounds like ta'alum, right? The only thing that's different between those two is the root. Tathakkur and ta'alum, tathkir and ta'alim. They sound similar, right? So the the form of them is giving the meaning to this general form of ta'um. Okay, it's a little hard to say without having anything in it. The general form here of, let's see, see, see how this is kind of the general form, tathakkur, ta'alum, ta'alum. And then the second one too. So that's the, and then the second one, everyone see, see how that works out? Kind of, sorry, I'm trying to stay in one place for writing this. Not the best handwriting. So this is the same form between them, but different root. So this form has to do with, you take the root, and you're making others doing that, or helping others with that. When we get down to the, when we know the root, we take that root meaning. So with alama, root meaning of knowledge. So we're making others knowledgeable, giving others knowledge, meaning of the remembrance, giving others a remembrance, helping others remind, yeah, helping others remember reminding. So reminding versus teaching. The one above them, same form, form of doing something for oneself, doing something that, that root meaning for oneself. So helping oneself to remember, to remembering or reminding oneself, ta'alum, giving oneself knowledge in a sense of learning. Right. And there are of course other, many other examples that the possibilities are endless ultimately that if we have, if we have a root that we know, and typically, Arabic is a triliteral system. So typically, you have three root letters, though sometimes you'll find two or four, or potentially, I mean, potentially with maybe some foreign words, you'd find like a five root, five root word, but that's very rare. Typically, it's, it's almost always three root letters, sometimes two, sometimes four. If you have those three root letters, then you can put it into these forms, and basically play around with it and make other words from from the forms. So for example, we have some, let's see, one good example, if we take a form, say for example, is blanking on something that works out completely. I can't think of anything concrete right now, but let's say kind of hypothetically, almost take, for example, imam, imam, the root of it is, is Hamza. So, so if we were to say, although I haven't really come across this word, if we were, if we were to say, that mean, that mean, it would mean to put someone in front, because the means, it means, literally has to do with being in front. So this would be to put someone in front, if we said, or maybe to, to make oneself in front. Right. And so, and so basically, if you, if you get, you can, if you take these words down to their, to their root, you can play around with them. And this is how Arabic is formed, basically, forms remaining coming from form and root. One last example, say, for example, I haven't really heard this in, in these forms, but if we put it, the root is, so if we put it in this form, to make something or make someone more, more eloquent, to say, you're, you're sending someone to Arabic classes, where, and someone says, why are you sending your child to Arabic classes? Well, I'm doing it for that to see so that they can be more eloquent, right? I'm making them more eloquent. That's just, just an example, that you can put words into these forms. And that's how, that's how we gain, we gain the meaning in Arabic. Bismillah ar-Rahman ar-Rahim, in the name of Allah, the most merciful, the all merciful, the most compassionate, and peace and prayers upon his prophet and messenger Muhammad upon his family and his companions until the last day. So first, we'll start with, with three letters in Arabic. The, when we get into, into writing Arabic, it's important to, to understand a few things. One, one that in, in English, when we write English, typically each, each letter, we have, we have two forms of each letter. We have a capital, we have an uppercase, capital and lowercase. And then what, how that's written is depends on, you know, whether it's uppercase, uppercase or lowercase, depends on the kind of writing we're writing or its position in the sentence, something like that. In Arabic, basically, there, there are potentially four different ways that each letter can, can be written. In, in English, we have a choice of joining up letters, joining them together or not. So for example, when, when I first learned to write, I wrote my name like that, Adrian. And then actually what you learn in, in British schooling is you learn, you learn joined up writing. It's interesting. It's basically, it's basically writing everything like that only linking the words. It looks like a rather messy form of cursive, right, joined up writing. But then also in, in America too, we learn, we learn cursive, which is easier. So basically, basically, in English, we have a choice between, between writing each letter separately or writing them together. And usually in certain contexts, we'll, we'll see it one way, like you typically won't see signs and things like that written all joined together, you'd see it with, with letters separate. But in Arabic, you don't really have a choice. In Arabic, we have to write everything connected. So as possible, within a word, every, every letter connects to the one that connects to the other words around it. Now, there are some letters in Arabic that just based on their form, they can't connect to what comes after it. But every word, every letter in Arabic can connect to the letter that comes before it. That'll make more sense as we go on and start practicing, and we get examples and get some of the get some of the letters under our belt. The first letter that we'll go over today is that everyone say that that okay, the name of the letter, the name of the letter is that the sound of the letter is, it's just like an English B, but that's important to that we distinguish between the name of a letter and the sound of a letter. Because if I give you once again, if I if I say, I give you this word, this word in English, we don't say this word is be a tea, be a tea, right, say that, because we understand there's a difference between the name of a letter, we understand this letter is named B, this one is a this one is T, we don't say all the names together. Right, this is sometimes sometimes we we make this mistake. When when starting Arabic, we say the names of the letter instead of the sound of the letter. So the name of the of this letter is everyone once again, but the sound it makes is right. Okay, so every letter in Arabic can potentially have four different forms. One form is when it's when it's alone, when it stands alone, and isn't connected to any letters, it has a particular form. Then when it begins a word, it has its own particular form to IE when it's the first when it's the first letter in the word and there are letters that are coming after it, it could potentially have a different form when it's in the middle of a word. And then finally, when it's at the end, IE there's a letter coming before it, but not a letter after it, then it has it has a certain way to be written to. And a lot of the letters are almost identical in these. Most of them, it looks pretty similar. Some of them, they look kind of not so similar. So it just depends on the letter, what you have to work out for that. So take, for example, but, but just like as in Bismillah, everyone say Bismillah. Bismillah. It begins with a bat. So but alone, it's basic form. If you're just writing the letter, you start slightly above the line. You go down to the line go now across the line a bit, like along the line just above it and then curve up. You do that and then you put a dot under it. And that's our bat. I'll do that a few more times. That above the line. Go now on the line. Come up above the line. So I almost it kind of has a hook on either side. It's it's a line on the line with a hook on either side and then very important, a dot under the line. Just like that. So we'll go through, we'll go through the four forms of this and then I'll come around and take a look at everyone see that everyone's everyone's getting it. So ideally with each with each form that we learned to you write out on your paper, write it out several times. So I can see how your handwriting is and see if there's anything to anything to check. When it begins the letter, it's basically going to to lose that that last part of itself and it's just it's just a tooth pretty much. It's it's basically a tooth. We have something sitting above the line. And then we go on and the dot is below that tooth. So see here when it stands alone, the dot goes in the middle of the whole letter. This is the whole letter and we have the dot resting below the line in the middle of the whole letter. When it's when it's a tooth, it goes just below the tooth. So we're going and then this line means it's going on to the next letter whatever the next letter is in the sentence, starting above the line now going on the line and then onto the next letter with a dot under the tooth. Make sure it's not too tall too. We say, you know, if we think about the whole length of the of the line we have, this is say, say this this distance right here is the tallest that that letter possibly could be on the page. So make sure it's not completely going up like like this depends on so great. Yeah, make sure it's not completely going up like that. Then it starts looking like another letter. Yep. Yeah, no, go ahead. The B is at the beginning of a word. Yep. A, when it stands alone, B at the beginning of a word, M in the middle of a word and then E at the end of a word. When it's in the middle, we have that tooth again, only we're coming into the tooth. So excuse me, if we have a letter, if the letter that comes before it is connecting to it, then we're coming in from that letter, we go up for the tooth, then we go on with a dot under that tooth. So coming in from another letter up for a tooth and then along to the next letter in from the previous letter up for a tooth and onto the next letter. And then finally, when it's at the end of a word, it's like we're coming into the position where it's like we're coming into the form when it's alone. So we're coming in from a previous letter, we'll go up for a tooth, then we go along the line and then and then up again. And we have a dot now just like when it's alone, we have a dot in the middle of the form of the whole letter. And also if if any sisters or anyone is having a having a hard time, make sure to sit closer, you know, we'll say if if any sisters in their back are having a hard time seeing then perhaps you can sit on on the side here too. So there's kind of like front in general for brothers a few feet behind the sisters, but then brothers will stick to like this general area if any sisters need need then they'll have kind of that side to if they need to be closer to the board. One more time for the end for so coming in from a coming in from a previous letter. Now we'll go up for that tooth along the line and then up for a final tooth or tail with a dot in the middle of the letter. I'm going to come around and check everyone's right. You know, as I've been seeing things. One, make sure that alone and the end forms the the two teeth at either end of the bat, they're the same height. And then make sure that the tooth of the bat isn't too high. It only goes up. Once again, say if the total height of the line is is about up to there. It's only going to going to go up about a third or maybe halfway up the total height of the line. It's not going to go all the way up. There's some letters that will go all the way up. One of which we'll learn today. So make sure it's not too tall. So now the next letter, that's the number two for today is the hat. Everyone say that. So the sound of it, once again, like the bat, the sound is the name of the letter is that now this letter and then the next one will do as well. They have the same they actually have the same basic form as the bat. They look like the bat they differ in dots in the way that the dots are placed. So I'll show you. So we have when it stands alone, we have that same form of the bat along the line with with two teeth. Sorry, just don't do the dot below the line. Instead, we have two dots above the line or above the letter sitting in that cup there almost the cup that's formed by the by the way the letter is written the same form as the bat only different types of dots. And now this is going to be the same for all the forms here. So I'm not going to go slowly through writing out each each way the form is just kind of copy what what we did how we learned to do the bat just make sure once again. So if everyone could look up here. Now, when we're making the tooth, when it's just one tooth, so either when it's at the beginning of a word or in the middle, those dots are going to go right above the tooth, right above that tooth, sitting above it, not after it. The best way is to put them right above the tooth just like how for the bat we have the dot right below the tooth. For the third letter. Like I said, it's going to have the same same kind of form. Only different dots. So we have that. Well, first of all, the letter is called everyone say that that right. So the letter is like the sound T H in English. So this letter has same basic form. But then it has three dots, two dots and then one dot above those two dots. This is the fat. So an important note about how to pronounce this letter in English. When we have when we have th written out in English, th can really mean one of two sounds. It's not just one sound in itself. So, for example, if if I say, let's say these words together first, we have this, then we have there, there, and we have thief, thief. Then we have theme, theme. Everyone tell there's a difference in the way these sound. The first two are the sound is the second to the last two, the sound is the difference between them basically gets down to if your vocal if your vocal cord is working on the letter or not. So if I say one of the bottom one, so thief, if I take the first sound in thief or theme and extend it. So I say, I feel it's pretty light. There's a lot of air coming out there. And so coming out, basically right here air coming out here. If however I do the same with with these two, the first time in this or theme or this or there, excuse me, I go, there's more than air coming out. You can if you put your thing if you put your hand on your on your vocal cord, you can feel that there's vibration there. Everyone do that hand on the vocal cord. This, this, there, there, that, that. Does everyone feel that vibration now? So now try now try feeling the difference between this and thief with your hand here. I won't feel there's a difference there. So that is this one right here. It's the second of the two. The in Arabic here. These these two sounds are actually they're both in Arabic. So we'll get to the Arabic letter that corresponds to the sound. But right now, we have the sound as in thief and theme. So it's without vibration here. That's important to pay attention to because because in English, th could mean could be in either one of those. One more note now about about writing the letters. Sometimes you you'll find with some of the letters in Arabic, there's a way there's a way to write them that if they were completely printed out well, this is a way that you would see them written out or printed say in a book. But if you were to write them with your own handwriting, then there are some almost like shortcuts you do. You don't write them completely the same way. So when we have these these dots here, when we have these a number of dots more than one dot, when we're writing the the the Arabic word in in handwriting, we're not going to take the time to do all of those dots actually. Some people do but it's very rare. Native Arabic speakers and people who use Arabic a lot, they realize that it saves a lot of time to not pick up the pen to do each individual dot. Therefore, the dots get joined. So so instead of having those two dots there, you have a line. You write the the basic form of it and then like that showing that that's basically it means there's two dots there and this is basically for any letter in Arabic in which there are two dots on the letter typically when you're writing it and so what I what I want to see now when I see your homework is you know I'd at least like to see at least for some time you try doing it with connecting them because it's a lot easier and that's where you at least have to get used to seeing that because if anyone writes Arabic for you, gives you something in Arabic and and they've written it out, it's almost always going to be with with the dots connected. Similarly for the for the that we typically don't write out all those dots. It becomes a hat almost. That's how it's connected. The three dots get connected by a hat. So it might be kind of tricky to distinguish between between these three letters now. Three letters, same kind of basic form only different numbers of dots. Well how do you tell the how do you tell the the difference between them? There are various tricks that you can use one one way that I think about it is for that there's one dot where below the line right on the bottom or below the line but one dot below the line for that we have two dots right two dots for that and for that three exactly that three dots also helps you if you're having having trouble remembering which one is it the or the that this letter symbolizes you think three because it has three dots three right one dot below the line for that two dots for that and three dots for that so any questions about about these before we before we go on to some vowels yes when you do this and you connect the dots it's a difficult to mistake those signs for the cyclone or the the vowel is it easy how is maybe yeah yeah yeah we'll get to that today inshallah yeah because we'll be going over some of the vowel signs and we'll show the difference between telling between difference between these symbols and the vowel signs yeah so now once again the this class i'm doing it kind of packed packed together the last time i did it it was two times a week wednesdays and sundays this time i'm doing it only once a week because that i think works better for it seemed it seemed like it was going to work better for people getting to the class and being it on it's it's usually easier to make a sunday than it is a wednesday evening but that also means that that it's going to we're going to be covering a lot of material in each sunday so i know that you might not be getting everything completely during this class period don't don't worry don't worry alhamdulillah we just make dua that Allah instills in us the knowledge and the understanding to to to understand understand the language of his book the language of his prophet peace be upon him and and so don't worry if you don't immediately get it but understand it's just going to take a bit of a bit of work outside of class and then inshallah we'll have we'll have the videos online too if if if you didn't get anything and you want to go back go back to that and go back to the explanation so last last class period last sunday i had to we had to end kind of short because the battery ran out on the video alhamdulillah but i was going to go into some of the aspects of the um of how kind of the history of the arabic language and and how the way it was written developed historically in arabic when you typically see words on a page in arabic um words um unless you know the word you wouldn't really know you wouldn't really know how to pronounce it in english um actually in in english it's um it's pretty uh i don't know we have our own trouble in in english like english spelling pronunciation but based on spelling it's a complete mess when you think about it um when you think about it uh this is one example i was given one time if you write out wow this is a dirty red pen does that pick up on the video also okay if you write this word out in english okay how would how would you see this first of all has anyone ever seen this example before okay okay so how do you think you would say this goti okay that's a that's a that's a reasonable guess right um but if you take the gh in take the o in women and take the ti in nation now how do you pronounce that what is this word what is the word close close so we had we had one person say fishy that's close fish fish this word if you if you compare how these how these letters appear in other english words this word could be pronounced fish right here fish everyone look at this word and say fish fish right because if you take is tough the gh in tough is ph the o in women is ih and the ti in nation is sh right so fish that's just to show you the in english when you get down to it our writing system pronunciation it's a complete mess it's a complete mess hamdulillah arabic is not that way english is actually a very tough language to learn in in this in this way because one we don't like we don't really have grammar i mean no we do i mean we have grammar of course but there are so many exceptions to the grammar like you know if if you have if you have a present verb a lot of the times you have to learn the present verb and then learn a completely different verb for the past okay if i'm going today what did i do yesterday i went what right and most languages those two words are pretty pretty related right plurals what's um what's the plural of child children okay not child's what's the plural of goose geese okay that's even stranger because you're not even adding something to it you're completely changing the vowels around in the middle what about the plural of moose moose same thing what so hamdulillah arabic arabic is not is not so arbitrary arabic is is based on rules it has much more rules so so when you're learning arabic you have to learn you have to learn a lot more rules but in the end it works out really well because those rules actually do work in english you learn the rules and then you spend the rest of your time learning the exceptions to the rules and those take years if you're learning the language same with spelling you learn the basic way to spell you'd learn the basic way that yeah how you say this is goatee but then you get to these kind of words and you're like oh what just happened women it's you mean it's not toga and wo men and neti own now hamdulillah arabic is not that way arabic when you write it out first of all the whole grammar and the writing system is based on rules hard and fast rules for the most part um and and so arabic writing it's very phonetic so when you see a bat you know it's a sound when you see a th you know it's uh not a th when you see a fat you know it's a sound it's always going to be a sound when you see a th in english it could be th it could be the it could be ta right and that's there are probably other examples too i don't know maybe th forms forms other sounds too um ch could be ch could be k could be i mean in some ways yeah it could be sh could be really i mean technically i mean sometimes you know like we have uh the german composer bach technically or or the Loch Ness monster Loch Ness right anyway um in arabic when you see a letter when you see a letter you know you know you get what you see in arabic see a letter you know how to pronounce it now the flip side though is that arabic has a unique thing in that not all of the vowels in arabic will be written out not all of the vowels in arabic are written out so for example um the word the word meaning he scattered he scattered is written this way so this here this is two letters in arabic we have two letters here what are the letters bat and then bat and that right bat and that here's a bat and here's a that remember it goes the other way though so if we're going to write it in english okay i'll get to have to ditch this market we're going to write it in english okay how do you say this the word itself is bat that bat that because the the constant or the the vowels in between the consonants aren't written out pretty much when you see letters in arabic you're seeing the consonants you're not seeing the vowels some vowels are written out we'll get to that today we're going to be going over the vowels inshallah but some vowels are not written out so when originally when arabic was um was was written out at the time that the quran was revealed to the prophet muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa alayhi wa salam we had um the the first way that the quran was written out um in the time of just um or even in the time of the prophet alayhi wa salam there were parts of the quran that were that were written out and so when it was written out for example um we had this word bat that would have been written like this just like that so you can tell that there are two letters here there's a tooth for one letter and then and then this part for another letter now beyond that we don't really know what's going on we don't know we don't know what dots are so we don't know if the first one is a bat is it a b is it a t is it a th same for the for the second one we have no idea just looking at just looking at the writing no idea not only that but we don't know the vowels that come between it too say we know that it is a bat and a that okay we know that now is it bath is it booth is it beef batha bothy botha so what happened was that originally the quran was it was written this way without dance without vows and so then as islam began to spread and more people came into islam non-arabs came into islam people who didn't know didn't understand the arabic language they started making mistakes because originally the way the quran was it was written it was just as a memory it was an aid for memory people already knew the quran they just wrote down these these lines on the page to to remind them exactly what came after what but then they started teaching islam to others and bringing it to other other places and and pretty soon pretty soon people started realizing that that non-arabs couldn't really handle this language they were making all kinds of mistakes with the quran because they saw this and they didn't know was that first one a bat was it a tat was it a fat and there are actually other options too we'll get to some of the other letters that are written similar to this only with a different combination of dots and so and so the scholars came up with a way to write the vows in between the letters and they came up with with the dot system and and this is what is what was able to preserve the quran and make sure that people didn't make mistakes in pronunciation although originally the Arabic language was written without dots without vows so now a little bit of yeah now that we've gone into it into a little bit of bit of history we'll talk about the vows is it okay if i if i erase the batata everyone everyone got that down right okay i'm gonna need this room again okay so in Arabic in Arabic now we have basically have two types of vows one type of vowel will not be written out just like i gave you that that form in which we had no idea what the vows between them were typically not written out although there are symbols for them that you will see and you'll see them in the quran they're in the quran so that you make sure to pronounce it correctly but if you open up a typical Arabic book you're not going to see the vows in there there are type of vows that um that often isn't written and then there are types of vows that are written actually are written in the text so first we'll be going over the the vows that are written the the vows that are written are the long vows in Arabic there are three qualities of vows and two lengths of vowels so lengths for lengths we're talking about only two options long or short long or short vowels so the first vowel we'll go over is the vowel or first of all the long form of it is called it's called adif everyone say that adif adif and the sound it makes is a long uh whoops long uh as in bat everyone say for me bat bat right that's the sound uh everyone uh uh so this is the sound of adif adif when you see an adif you know it's going to be pronounced uh uh the way to write adif it's one of the easiest ones to write in the alone form it's the line down a long line down start at the top and go down and this is the adif when it's at the beginning of a word exactly the same this letter will not connect to what comes after it it doesn't connect to what comes after it so it's just like that you write a line down and then you take your pen off the page and and then you go on after that to the next letter and once we once we go through the vows then we'll we'll go through writing some examples so we can see how to put the letters together inshallah the adif now every letter although not all the letters in arabic can connect to what goes after them all of the letters can connect to what comes before them if what comes before them can connect to what comes after it right so if we're coming in from another letter we're coming in along the line and we go up for the adif if we're in the middle of a word we're coming in from a previous letter and we go up for the adif and then lift our lift up and coming in from a previous letter up for the adif and it's the same for the end form so i'm going to come around now to um to see this um i'd like to see writing the um how you write the adif and then and then also the the tat and that which i i wasn't able to see before i know it's going to be a lot of information inshallah if it's not all collecting right now and the next in the next week as you go through your notes maybe look at look uh yeah um go through your notes and think about it um then um then it'll start start for me start putting itself together um so this is the long vowel at everyone again at um the now each of the long vowels all of the long vowels are written out you'll see them written out in the word the short vowels are the ones that are not written out so every long vowel has a corresponding short vowel so each short vowel is just it's half the time of the of the long vowel or in other words the long vowel is double the time of each short vowel so if i say if i say that's a short in there if i say that's uh that's a long vowel okay so everyone say for me back back now back back right back back okay so the way that let's see the way that the short vowel is written out the short vowel corresponding to alif is the sound instead of it's a it's a slanted line going down like this i'll do that again like this above the letter where it appears it's like that above the line so i'm giving you this and then and then and then we'll go through a few examples inshallah one more important thing to remember about this this this symbol short vowel ah ah is called all my pens aren't going exactly right let's try something else oh picked up the wrong one anyway okay here we go that's better his name is fatha everyone say fatha fatha right the fatha in arabic means literally opening opening fat there there was a series of battles that occurred um after the the prophet's death aleyhi salat waslam that opened up the lands from the atlantic ocean all the way to china they opened them up to islam therefore those those wars are called the wars of fatah fatah also in the intention that we say the first thing that we say is yeah fatah yeah fatah so oh open a fatah it's one of the names of Allah the one who opens fatah just like fatha opening um we say the first line of the intention we start with is yeah fatah and yeah aleyhi salat fatah so yeah fatah oh opener one oh opening one yeah aleyhi salat if taht open for us if taht lana if open for us if taht lana fathan open for us and opening if taht lana fathan if taht fathan this is a fatha fatha why is it a fatha because when you say ah everyone look at my mouth as i say ah i'm opening opening the sides of of the mouth ah that's why this girl is called a fatha fatha so the short fatha is the short vowel for the long vowel alif alif is ah everyone say alif ah alif ah fatha ah fatha ah so now putting some of the things that we've learned today together okay so everyone watch how i write this i start with a bat in the first position now i'm going in to an alif and then i have a fat so how do we say this everyone everyone try to work it out don't don't say it completely allowed everyone try to work it out in in your head okay now how do we say it bass right everyone bass bass right we have a bat in the first in the beginning form and alif in the middle form and then a fat in the well it's an end form but we don't have the hook coming in from the end form for the fat because the alif isn't isn't joining to it the alif doesn't join to what comes after it if i write this now we can compare it to everyone look at this and try to pronounce it but just to yourself for now and then we'll do it together this one whoops okay guesses how do we say how do we say this everyone after me bat bat right as in bat bat everyone after me now bat bat bat bat sometimes when it's learning the long and short vowels sometimes it's helpful to kind of tap things out to yourself so we have bat that's two beats right bat and bat bat bat so short vowels will be one beat long vowels will be two beats it's important not to not to overlook this because it can have completely different meaning if you don't give the vowels they're proper they're proper right so first of all if you're not thinking about about the length of the vowels you won't be writing them correctly because long vowels are written short vowels are not written also it can really affect the meaning too so for example we have um when um when Allah brings the Quran down in many in many places it talks about how how Allah speaking in the form of we Allah speaking in the form of we says we brought the Quran down two different forms differ slightly in meaning but pretty much the same thing and it ends with an alif and that means we we brought it down everyone say and whereas if I say everyone hear the difference right the second one that I say is a short about and means those women brought it down it's a feminine plural it means a group of women brought it down so if you don't properly say and this is actually one of the most common mistakes that even when people know the Quran and they read the Quran native Arabic speakers even it's one of the most common mistakes to make when you have when you have at the end of a verb na and people don't properly uh properly extend the alif at the end na they just say na na if you say na if you just say na you're assigning things that Allah has has decreed for himself you're saying instead of Allah doing it it's a group of women doing it and then na and then na and then na al-kitab right and then na who and then na who means we brought it down and then na who whereas and then na who means those women brought it down a group of women brought it down and then na who see so so this is just one example of why it we really need to pay attention when we're thinking about lengths of vows because it completely changed the meaning and scholars say that if we don't when we're pronouncing the Quran if we don't give the vows they're right pronounce long vows as long and short vows as short then it's it's actually haram because we're changing the word of Allah it's important as we as we begin things not to not to get so caught up in this because everyone we're all struggling will can't immediately pronounce everything correctly in as-salah when reading Quran all these things but still just to have in the back of our minds that it's a serious matter right this is a serious matter and so and so we want to make sure to get this right but the flip side when we do get it right there's immense reward in it immense reward that we get and that we get for that struggle in trying to get it right too one more example okay so everyone just take a everyone just take a moment to to look at these two words these are two different words with different sets of vows so in a moment i'm going to say one of these and you have to you have to tell me which one it is either number one or number two all right so just take a moment and try to read read this yourself try to think how we might pronounce this number one number two what i say is which one is it one or two exactly number two if we were to write this out this one would be see we have a fat we have a bat and we have a alef and then in between the third and the bat a fat this one we have a third we have an alef and we have a bat and then on the bat is a fat right so everyone say for me fadah versus fadah okay any questions about that okay now moving on to um almost done pretty much um Arabic Arabic language is a beautiful language and it's i mean it's hard it's hard it's considered one of the hardest languages for English speakers to learn but that shouldn't hold us back because for one we get immense reward from learning it and for another it's hard but it's actually not that hard vows could be very difficult there are some languages that have a dozen or more different vows English has uh i'm not exactly sure how many English has a lot quite a few vows and then you can have different combinations of vows too in English Arabic just three so one we have uh uh everyone say for me again uh uh okay another one we have is ooh as in the English word boot everyone say for me boot boot so the sound is ooh ooh once again the long vowel will be written out the short vowel not the name of this long vowel is wow everyone say for me wow wow yeah we also have that in English Hamdallah the name of the letter is wow when you see it at least for now you're going to pronounce it ooh okay the way that it's written is when it's alone we start on the line everyone looks we start on the line do a circle back above the line and then a tail down below so a closed circle above the line and then tail below and just like Aleph it has no dots just like that and it's going to look this just like the Aleph as well doesn't connect to what comes after it so it's going to look exactly the same when it's in the beginning closed circle above the line a loop going below or a little tail going below now when it's in the middle and there's a letter that's connecting before it we're going to be coming in from that letter and then go to the wow so just like the Aleph we're coming in along the line go back to make a closed loop and then a tail down below coming in from the letter loop tail below in from the letter loop above tail below and it's the same for the beginning and the end just like the Aleph so I'll make one note now about the about the short vowel and then we'll go on to the final vowel which actually isn't that hard to write and then and then I'll take a look inshallah long vowel oh everyone say it again for me wow oh wow wow oh right um so the long vowel is oh short vowel is going to be oh oh everyone say for me oh this one now is basically a little wow above the line though like this so if we give some examples now okay everyone look down below it's okay if you haven't completely copied everything it's it's okay that there'll be time for inshallah when I when I go around to copy down everything this right here everyone try to say to yourself number one and number two try to work out what it is now any volunteers for number one go ahead phalba okay folks anyone else want to try so we have we have three letters in this word we have a fat in the beginning position we have a wow in the middle position and we have a bat in the final position so we have fat right then I wow then a bat so how do we say this thub right everyone with me thub good now the second one anyone want to try this give you a hint it's almost like the first one how does it differ what's the difference between these two long and short good so if we know that this one is thub what's this one good thub thub we have a fat and we have a bat and between them abamma sorry the third for this symbol too is it's called everyone say for me abamma abamma abamma sorry d-a-m-m-a yeah capital d-a-m-m-a abamma literally means uh has to do with enclosing and hugging because when you say it you go when you say your lips are it's like your your lips are making a circle they're enclosing going out and you're forming a circle with your lips whereas with the fat hat we were opening our lips we're going when we go make a circle with our lips almost a little hug for the air with our lips so if we have a fat and then we have a bat and in between them a abamma we have and in between them we have thub so everyone everyone say this for me thub okay now just a little bit of a review for the for the letters before we go on to the final letter right the three letters we learned first were bat everyone after me bat bat then we learned ta ta then we learned fa fa so bat ta fa bat ta fa now the the vowels that we've learned so far are alif right alif and wow so the sounds we say alif alif alif alif alif alif one more time alif ah fatha wow oh so finally any any questions on on that by the way and one more point we had the the question a few minutes ago about how we tell the difference between um say we have a bat and then we have a fatha a fatha on the bat the fat is going to be slanted like that it's not going to be like the dots on a tat because the dots on a tat are just right across whereas the fat is slanted downwards slanted down like that that is bat everyone after me bat bat whereas if we wrote this it would be bat bat okay finally fortunately we don't really need to oh wait no we do okay never mind let's grasp that um the the final vowel is an arabic we have a we have and we have everyone say after me as in beat like sugar beats beats beat everyone say for me beat beat so the vowels in arabic bat boot beat bat boot beat okay the name of this letter is yeah everyone say for me yeah yeah yeah i'm gonna go to when it's written in the beginning and the middle because these are these are slightly easier than the other two when yeah it's written first of all when we say a yeah how do we pronounce it when we see our when we see a yeah what do we say e right when we see yeah in a word we say at least for now it just looks just like bat and in beginning and middle when it begins the word when it's in the middle of the word we have that tooth only difference is two dots below same tooth this is the yeah once again we can connect those two dots too yeah same thing in the middle up for a tooth and two dots below up for a tooth and two dots below the yeah well just like bat and that the the yeah connects to what comes before everything connects to what can connect to what comes before and the yeah will connect to what comes after it just like the bat and that so this line here that's coming after the yeah this line that's going down now along the line of the page that's going to connect to the next letter the way that it's at the beginning and the end of a word is slightly different than the bat and that what we have is we almost start with like an English C here we do that on the line but then we go below the line and a hook below the line like that with two dots below it so we start with this above the line go on the line for a bit and then below and a hook up above and when you end this hook everyone look everyone look when you end the hook make sure that the hook under the line first of all the length of it is pretty it's pretty long there it's not going to be short like that no it's it's pretty long and and make sure that you end the hook the hook ends slightly above the line so when you do it we'll go down below the line and then end the hook once we've passed back above the line and two dots below the whole thing finally i'll go over this well just two more points we have the short vowel that corresponds to this and then the end position to go through and then i'll take a look at how we've been writing well and and yet i'll go around inshallah the way it's written in the end looks pretty similar to how it is alone only we don't have this beginning part so we're coming in we're coming in from a previous letter now we do the hook under the main thing is that we have that hook under the line or the tail under the line with two dots below it coming in from a previous letter and then under the line and a hook above and when we see this we say alhamdulillah almost done almost almost it's one final thing corresponding short vowel just like how we have two dots below the line this this thing below the line when we write the yet whatever position it is we have these two dots or typically they're combined into one line those two dots are combined into one line here like that below the yet similarly the short vowel that corresponds to the yet is it's slanted though but it's below the line like that whenever we see this we know it's ih yeah is ii this one is ii and its name is kasra everyone say for me kasra kasra kasra literally means breaking breaking ii because it's like the scholars talked about how you're almost breaking the sound it's not you're not opening your mouth with the fatah you're not making a circle with your mouth like the dhamma you're going ih you're bringing the sound down almost breaking ih beat anyway so finally we see that we see that the alif is a line down but it the alif goes above the line therefore the fatah is above the line there the dhamma we see the dhamma is like a little wow above the line and the kasra just like how the yet has the has that line below the letter itself the kasra similarly slanted down like that below the line so now i'll come down and i'll take a look at this make sure when you're when you're writing the yet in the final position when you're writing it it's it's not just a loop down or a tail down below the line when you're when you go down below the line you hook back a bit and then go up when you're going below the line hook hook back a bit see so this this part is important there where you're hooking back going backwards along the line and then and then along up and then ending a bit above the line for the yet and finally example okay now here we have two words again so everyone take take a moment to try to work out what these what these two words are here try to putting the letters together who wants to have a go at the first one close what's this letter how many dots does this letter have it's a fact so how do we say this close close how do we say the yet again e good everyone say beefy beefy verses what's this one beefy beefy everyone beefy beefy beefy beefy beefy okay it's like this one more time going through what we've written here sabah sabah sabah sabah soob soob soob soob soob soob beefy beefy beefy beefy beefy good any questions about about that stuff okay and then reviewing the vowels now okay any final questions all right so typically at the at the end of class so for for each class well the main thing will be a homework sheet now the the homework that i've made for today it typically half half the homework will be just the sheet sorry the what's what's on the sheet and then the other half is using the the dvd yes yeah yeah um in in arabic completely um maybe after class but um yeah because you wanted to see how it's written or you want you want it on the board okay um i'm yeah i'm actually going to we can do it after class together but i just i don't want to confuse everyone because we're not going to we're not going to go over those letters right anyway so the for the homework the the main part of it is is on the worksheet but then there's also stuff to do from the dvd now i um the dvd's haven't arrived yet and so and so inshallah we'll just um we'll have to make do for this week i apologize for that um if you do um have the dvd or the book um then you can do um these exercises um for for those um also i um uh we'll see how this goes i don't like to to waste paper so typically i say like if um uh i'll hand out homework to those people who have difficulty printing things but ultimately if you can print um then i prefer just to send it to you via email and then you print it yourself because what i found last uh last term was um i i printed a lot and then those pages just just got wasted um which which is a shame i mean i like to save paper as much as possible and too like some of it had words from the Quran or um um all the name of Allah on them or stuff like that and we don't want to to to make that and just have to throw it away in in the end too so so first of all is there anyone who raise your hand if uh if you'd rather have me um print them and give it to you in class rather than printing them yourselves um uh afterwards via email okay okay so just come up to me after um in a few minutes once we're in class and and i'll give you the sheet um the the homework for each each class period i mean i i expect that you'll spend at least an hour i'd say if you if you need to if you really want to learn the material i think it would take at least at least two hours of going to material um but obviously it's all individual initiative and i don't want to have anything keep you from being in these classes even if it seems like we're going we're going fast it might be best to keep with the with the class that you get exposed to this material and inshallah if you're not getting it throughout these few weeks i'll i'll do my best to make sure we're all getting it but ultimately people learn at different paces so you might have to take who knows maybe you won't be able to put that much work in so you might have to take another course in the future but it will be beneficial inshallah to be exposed to to all of us at least and as for the homework this is all everything that's on the sheets is there for your benefit um to to help you learn the material um and so just do whatever whatever's possible for you um and i i'll see and and we'll correct inshallah um correct what what you have done um if if you are limited in time and can't get to all the homework i might just do a few exercises from each section it's better to do a few exercises from each section than do um a few sections completely and then the other section is not not at all um uh that's not so beneficial as making sure to get to to each exercise in in the homework um and then um also i'm going to say this uh now at the end it's um i think throughout the the class it would be very useful if if everyone um i i would ask everyone to pick a surah pick a surah of the Quran that is at least ten ayahs long so not one of the very last surahs because we we want some substance in there it's not just a few words but a surah that is at least 10 ayahs long and so preferably every day uh at least once or twice a week um you return to that surah um preferably if you if you can you have that surah written out in a Quran in Arabic that's the that's the the thing that must be that but then also preferably you you have a recording that you can listen to it as well so that as we go on these things will start coming together and you'll start being able to understand more and more so that when um inshallah after after today's class now you can start well you'll be able to tell the bears the taz and the taz which are some of the especially ta is one of the most common letters in in in arabic inshallah you'll you'll definitely see that all over the place and then all the vowels you see those all over the place so even though we've only covered six of 28 29 um letters in in arabic um you'll see basically every every space of of the page you'll see these symbols now once you go looking for them so the best thing would be that if everyone picks a surah at least 10 aya's long and returns to it regularly throughout the course so that that way you can kind of keep track and start start learning things and seeing how things match up so after today now you can see the vowels see what the long vowels are see the short vowels then you can compare listen to it in a recording someone reciting it um so that that would be incredibly beneficial and then inshallah finally and we'll end the class on the on this note um i'm sorry i'm going just a few minutes over uh inshallah i'll uh i'll end each class with just a little uh anecdote of uh of why it's important to learn arabic so for today and some of you may be may be familiar with this um but the the prophet muhammad peace be upon him tells us that um tells us that we have an immense reward for reading uh reading the arabic of the Quran and he said for every letter that is in of course i'm i'm paraphrasing paraphrasing this hadith too but for every letter of the Quran that we say every letter we get 10 hasanat 10 good deeds for every letter he said by a letter i don't mean alif lamin alam is one one letter i mean every single letter for every letter 10 haraqat so if we say so for example if we have um um the word batha batha i talked about that that appears in the Quran batha or i think it might not exactly sure i'm pretty sure that verb appears in the Quran batha two words batha or two letters sorry batha that's 20 hasanat right there 20 good deeds that are written for us and that's the bare minimum the more we start thinking about how to pronounce everything correctly and and making sure that we're doing that and that we're conscious of everything and we try to take in the meanings as we're doing it too those deeds what those good deeds that we get will be multiplied the bare minimum is 10 good deeds for every single letter of the Quran that we say so may Allah benefit us to to get these good deeds and to to see the whole life of this world as just a chance to to reap all these deeds and keep gathering them and gathering them until until the day of judgment when they'll be shown to us and inshallah we'll be pleased may Allah help us to be pleased on the day of judgment may Allah facilitate us um facilitate for us the learning of his knowledge and of his book uh and um peace and praise upon Arafat Muhammad sallallahu alaihi wa alaihi wa sallam walhamdulillahi rabbil alameen all praise is due to Allah Lord of the worlds uh wassalamu alaykum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh salamu alaykum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh bismillahi rahmanir raheem walhamdulillahi murabbil alameen wa salatu wa salamu alaykum wa rahmatullahi wa sallamu alaykum wa rahmatullahi wa sallamu alaykum wa rahmatullahi wa sallamu alaykum of everyone has the uh the syllabus does anyone not have a copy okay we're reading off the uh the intention inshallah as we do at the beginning uh of every class so once again i'll read and then you repeat after me ya fatahu ya aleemu if tahlana fathan qareeba bismillahi al rahmanir raheem alhamdulillahi rabbil alameen wa sallallahu ala sayyidina Muhammadin wa ala aarihi wa sahbihi wa sallam nawaytu ttaalluma wa ttaalima wa ttathakura wa ttathakira wa naf'a wa l-intifaa'a wa l-ifadata wa l-istifadata wa l-haffa wa l-intifaa'a ala ttamasuki bi kitabillahi wa sunnati rasudihi wa d-dua'a'a ila l-huda wa d-dalalata ala l-khairi wa b-tigaa'a wajhillahi wa marbaatihi wa kurbihi wa thawabihi subhanahu wa ta'ala now all of us together oh opener all all knowing one grant us an opening soon in the name of Allah the all merciful the compassionate praise be to Allah lord of the worlds and blessings and peace upon our master Muhammad his family and his companions i intend to study and teach to remember and remind to profit and bring profit to benefit and bring benefit to encourage holding fast to the book of Allah and the way of his messenger to call to guidance to direct towards good and to aim for the countenance of Allah and his pleasure his nearness and his reward exalted be he so before we get into any new stuff a bit of a review from the stuff we went over last week putting some things together after sitting with uh after sitting with you individually i just wanted to go through some of these again to make sure on the same page once again i went through a few of these with with you individually but um but not everyone so i wanted to make sure we get through this um this one is an important one right here um because this has it has a not only the the consonants the the letters written out but it also has a a short vowel here too actually you know what let's let's take let's take this last one i didn't go over this this last one with a lot of people so so first if if you're having trouble then think about breaking breaking it down breaking every word you see down into parts and thinking in steps and also right breaking each part into something that that you can deal with and so right now we might be at the stage where we know how to deal with every different symbol on its own but not putting it all together so let's look at every symbol individually this word consists of three letters three letters here so that divisions i use a different color the divisions of the letters are right here we have a tooth for one letter another tooth for another letter and then the final letter so what's the first letter ta right it has two dots two dots that have been connected so two dots means it's a ta and then we have a what okay but what's just a letter what's it called a ta right and then the last letter is but okay now we look so now we figured out the consonants and we'll look at the short vowels what's between the ta and the ta a fatha and the fatha the sound for a fatha is ah okay now between the ta and the ba what do we have dhamma and what's the sound of the dhamma oh there we go now after the ba what do we have another fatha everyone see this it's like how we have a fatha between the two ta's at the beginning another fatha the sound of the fatha is ah okay so everyone say this with me any questions about that okay similarly the second one i'll go through the one above it i'll go through this quickly we have four letters now first one is a tha and we have a ta now an elif and then a ba and in between the tha and the ta is a kasra makes the sound ii everyone say with me good and then the others baat baat boot boot beat beat any questions on any of these now we're going to do the new stuff quickly now oh i need oh here it is quickly now as kind of a a booster to help us get through the rest of this lesson i ended the last lesson with talking about something to do with the the benefits of arabic who remembers remembers what i what i talked about okay that was kind of a yeah someone i something i asked you to do an assignment to do there's one bit of information that i gave right at the end of last class period didn't have to do specifically with the letters of the alphabet but a general thing within our tradition everyone remember something about 10 deeds 10 deeds 10 hasana every every get 10 hasana for what did you say every letter but every letter that you struggle in um close but it's even better than that what i mentioned what i mentioned is right when we when we recite Quran we're told by the prophet alaihi salat wasalam that for every single letter that we that we pronounce of the Quran we get 10 hasana and that's just a minimum so so you mentioned that if we struggle in it we get 10 hasana well not really i mean if you struggle in it and it's difficult for you then inshallah if you have the right intentions then then it'll be multiplied even more than 10 10 hasana is the base form if you say one letter of the Quran 10 hasana that's the minimum and that can be multiplied if it takes more effort or if you have a greater intention with it if you're not just reading for yourself but you're reading in order to eventually be able to learn this so you can teach others and bring this light into other people's lives the bad minimum is 10 hasana okay so we have three new letters to cover inshallah today um and then some extra things to say about some letters that we've already um already talked about in the last class period so i'll make my chart now there's everyone remember what a b m e stand for what does a stand for alone right when the letter standing alone that'll be the form b when it's at the beginning of a word m once in the middle of a word and e at the end of a word right so after in the alphabet after we have alif everyone say after me alif ba ta fa alif ba ta fa so after that we have jeem its name is jeem jeem and the sound it makes we can write it in english as ja everyone say for me jeem jeem so the sound is ja ja it's like the english word we have judge everyone say judge judge so in this word this word judge both begins and ends with with the sound with the ja sound judge now take note that um there's often often when people are pronouncing arabic they don't say this letter quite right because if we're pronouncing arabic especially the arabic of the quran the most correctly the the sound is the ja sound but often what you hear is a ja sound not ja but ja and this sound is more is more common in french as in the word the word i in french ja ja or a red in french rouge right everyone hear the difference between ja and ja okay if i say if i say this letter correctly raise your hand right if i don't say it correctly don't raise your hand okay so first jeem was that correct or not jeem if it's correct raise your hand jeem incorrect jeem is the correct way jeem jeem everyone everyone say the incorrect with me so that we all understand jeem jeem jeem is incorrect the correct way is jeem jeem jeem this is um it's it's it's a stop in kind of linguistic terminology it's a stop although we might not all be familiar with linguistic terminology we can understand pretty much what what we mean when we say stop that it's not it's not something that continues if i say if i put it at the end if it's the final sound and something say i put ah before it now if i if i say it the right way i'm not going to be able to prolong it i say edge everyone say after me edge edge if i'm saying it the incorrect way it's it's not a stop i can prolong it right everyone say edge right that sound we can we can prolong but the correct way to do it we can't prolong it's a stop edge edge edge right so the way that this is written is we start with a line going backwards just above the line of the page and then we'll kind of make a loop or a c that extends back down below the line and everyone make sure you're looking the final part dot below the line a dot that goes below the line and in this alone form it basically sits in that in that loop there so i'll do it a few more times this is the gene now what happens when it's at the beginning is that this tail that goes below the line we lose that tail when we're beginning a word we lose that tail and we just continue on to the next letter everyone watch i start above the line a bit and it's a little more curvy going up and then we have a point now once i get to the line instead of going down now i keep going along the line and there's a dot below it everyone see how how's that first part is basically it's this minus that tail below the line you see that i'll do it one more time or a few more times a little bigger too and almost looks like the head of a bird too in that it's kind of curved at the top and has a beak everyone see that too um not typically it's easier to write that yeah i mean you could you could curve it like that if you wanted to now if it's in the middle of a word we just come to the beginning position basically so we're coming from another another coming from another letter so now we make this curve up but now we have to go backwards and make that point there and then go on i'll do that again a little bigger so we when we make this line out here we have to retrace that line again go a bit past that line the first line that we made and then go down and along the line i'll do that a few times and finally if it's at the end of a word we give it its tail so we're coming into it we retrace go back now instead of going on to the rest of the line to another letter now instead we go below the line and give it a tail or a loop under so i'm going to come around now take a look so one thing i was one thing i was seeing which is a common mistake was um was not not doing this point correctly so um we'll we'll go through a few examples now for example if i say if i say to jib to jib to jib everyone say after me to jib to jib so what are we here in the sounds that we hear to jib then after the the tat we hear a vowel that to jib to jib is that vowel a long or a short vowel short exactly to jib we hear that the second syllable is long the first one is short to jib to jib so it's going to be a short oh two then we have a jib to jib now now what after the jib what kind of sound is it to jib long e exactly long e then a what sound to jib right a b sound okay so now here's our line first we have a tat and i'm going to put the dots for the tat in after i've written out the whole letter so i have a tat now i go up to the jib and then have a point out here and then down to the line okay now pause for a minute pretend i still have my pen on the page just a quick note okay when we're thinking when we're looking at long and short vowels we don't write the short vowels we do write the long vowels right which is why when we're going to write this we see that we have a short vowel here to jib we're not going to write the two it's going to be a long but this one is this a long or a short vowel long in my writing system the long vowels the all the long vowels are double the double vowels either two i's two e's or two u's right so we are going to write so what's the name of the letter that comes next everyone yeah right yeah yeah and finally but now i put the dot in but to jib what am i what am i missing now in this letter or in this word the bomber right so i put a bomber on the tat because it comes between the tat and the jib to jib that's not so clear here i'll try and black i think now okay so everyone say with me to jib to jib so i want to make sure that i have this point right here this point right here i go up to the jib and then trace that back up to the dream to the jib chase chase trace so i trace that line back then i come out to a point and then go on down to the line and go on it's not that i'm coming into that point like this this is the wrong way you need to have that point that extends past the line that we that we trace back on we're both at the beginning right here all right sorry not the beginning the middle right here and the end right there we have those points okay any questions about the gene right every letter in the arabic alphabet connects to what comes before it can connect to what comes before it but but some of them do not connect to what comes after it right and the gene always connects to what comes after it if there's a if there's a letter coming after it okay the next letter we have is the the okay now i'm not going to say i'm not going to ask you to pronounce this right after me directly because we have a bit of explaining to do the way we write this is with a capital H note that it's a capital H this is going to be important on my homework and when you're translitering out out uh translitering things for me too it's important to distinguish between this because in arabic there's a difference there basically in english we just have a ha sound an h sound but in arabic there are kind of two kinds of h's the ha ha the sound that we have in english which is represented by an h that's there in arabic that would be a lower case h we'll get to that in the future inshallah this one is an uppercase h sometimes you'll see an uppercase h sometimes you'll see a lower case h but with a dot under it or something like that some way to distinguish that it's not just a regular h so what's happening here is that it's an english h we can think about it intellectually for some for some of you that might help um then we'll give a few examples what's happening with the h the h is that it's it's happening right at the level of the vocal cords right down there at the bottom of the throat ha ha ha the way the place where that stock comes that it's happening right here most most letters that we pronounce they happen inside the mouth this is happening down at the bottom of the throat this letter which is pronounced ha ha happens higher in the middle of the throat and so that's kind of intellectually how to think about it now practically when we think about puffing up a window that's one example when often we make this sound without really thinking about it when we go ha everyone put your hand in front of you in front of your mouth and pretend pretend like you're puffing it up a window or alternatively when we imitate a dog a dog panting that's the sound right everyone do that for me that's the sound it's a heavier h it's not just it's okay one more time i want to see everyone try this okay try to pant like a dog right okay so now try to make that a letter now so make it into the name of that ha ha good good right so now listen to the difference the first one i say first just regular english h just just listen to it for now just listen the second one is the heavier h you hear that heavy like dog pant almost or puffing up window sound ah everyone say now after me ah and this is a very common letter too and a lot of people don't know how to pronounce it properly anyone know an example of common arabic word that this this letter is present in okay what did i hear here all right when we say all right it's not just all right it takes a bit more effort takes more effort in order to to praise Allah as he ought to be praised one more time all right then what Muhammad Muhammad and Rasulullah Muhammad same his name if we're going to say his name properly be surprised be upon him then his name has a hat in it as well everyone say Muhammad Muhammad right Muhammad similarly from the same root i mean this is this is all from the same Alhamdulillah Muhammad you see it's ha and all the same meanings literally Muhammad the one who is most praised the one who is most praised Alhamdulillah is praised and Ahmed everyone try to say that Ahmed Ahmed similarly the most praised the most praised Ahmed another name from Muhammad so this is the Ha Ha now this Alhamdulillah well for better or for worse look similar to the jeem for the jeem we had one dot below the line for the hat it's exactly the same except no dots this is the hat i'll write it a few times there we go hat and since i've already kind of written along this list in order to make the beginning middle and one's all i do is just erase the dot you guys have to do the work though especially if you write in pen you can't just erase the pencil marks that you've made for the jeem it'll take a minute to to write that out okay so any questions about this any questions about the hat i know okay we'll give one example how do we say veil in arabic veil in many different senses of the word any guesses hijab here we go we have a hat then hijab hijab when we say hijab is it a short vowel or a long vowel in between the hat and the ja hijab hijab right we feel compare the two syllables hijab hijab short long short long alternatively we can try tapping it out that's another method to figure out if it's a long or a short vowel hijab right the second one second vowel is two beats the first one is one beat hijab hijab hijab okay so we're not going to write the e that comes in between the hat and the ja so we go into the jeem now he jeem hij then what do we have after the jeem hijab adif right because it's a long one it's not hijab hijab but hijab hijab and then finally after the adif but now we can put in our dots and there we have once we put a kasra on the hat i remember between the hat and the jeem everyone say with me hijab hijab okay now i want to hear i want to hear it individually from everyone too often using putting a kasra on the hat is one of the most difficult things to do heat heat but try it try it okay what's that that's it good good okay that's good hijab good good hijab okay that's it good that's it one more time okay start doing this first hijab hijab that's good there we go there we go good good one more time good hijab first time was better than the second time good good good one more time hijab good now but in that remember the jeem is ja ja hijab not hijab but i was almost hearing a sound one more time hijab hijab good okay go just go with me like this one more time like this just okay now go hijab hijab good good now a little shorter hijab okay that's better yeah that's how we work on it okay and then finally with the final letter here final letter will go over today similar kind of thing it's um well actually yeah first the name of the letter and before we go into this we have to make a quick note what i told you last time was that in arabic there are three vowels what are the vowels not their names but the way that they sound what are they ah then what i and uh ah i as in bat boot and beat right so the alif how does that sound typically uh right i'm gonna write over here is that okay right so the alif oh no okay the alif uh usually sounds like this sound bat bat except in certain circumstances i.e after certain letters of the arabic alphabet the alif changes its sound after certain letters of the arabic alphabet the alif changes its sound that's why what's the name of god allah right and yet i told you there are only three consonants which of those three are only three vowels in arabic that's not one of the three vowels i taught you allah no i told you that we had u we had e and we had a in arabic so so why don't we just say it all the alif when it's after certain letters in the arabic alphabet becomes like ah as in allah and in english we have the word father everyone say with me father father right that's the sound ah ah so typically the alif is a ah sound but after certain letters the alif changes to ah what's basically happening is that the the ah ah is a wider sound the ah is kind of farther back in the throat so on letters that happen in general letters that happen with more more filling up oh well it's it's farther back in the in the mouth so letters that in which the tongue kind of fills up the mouth and we'll talk a bit more about this as the course goes on these are the letters that alif is going to go from ah to ah so this one now that we have this is one of those letters and there are various kind of ways we can we can term these these letters one one way that i think is a decent way and and you'll often see in um in english books written on arabic is saying that um letters in which alif goes to ah those letters are emphatic letters now emphatic doesn't mean necessarily that it's um that these letters are emphasized more though they they are kind of where it's not but not really that we give them more energy but this is just a term because ah ah we just think of it that after an emphatic letter the ah in alif goes to ah so in arabic we're going to be talking about how we have non-emphatic letters and emphatic another way to think about it is um maybe like at least the the the alif sound can be said to be deep like deep alif deep alif versus frontal alif ah that's a deeper sound than air air is closer towards the front of the mouth ah happens deeper back everyone say for me air versus ah right so this letter now both the way that the alif is pronounced after it and the way that this letter is pronounced um they're both kind of new things to learn today so the letter is now is this sound we don't really have in english it's a very common letter languages um but but often we we have to kind of figure it out figure out how to produce it a new one when we're when we're learning arabic the hat happened in the middle of the throat this happens at the top of the throat and it's basically what happens when when you're trying to remove often we make this sound when we're trying to remove something from the throat we go okay so everyone everyone make that sound for me it's it it sounds ugly right now but just go okay now put now put in front of it brother this means brother in arabic ah now now the letter okay right so this is the next letter and i'm underlining the k h to show that the k h is all one sound it's not like a k and then an h put together because in arabic we have k's and we have h's so if you're pronouncing arabic correctly then you'll be pronouncing these letters correctly a lot of people confuse between different letters some people confuse between the k sound in arabic as in um but one of the more common ones is that when people see that there's a capital h on h with a dot under it then they say it like a k they think it's a k but it's not so a lot of people say for example um you sometimes hear some people say ahmed ahmed right because it's not ahmed ahmed not quite that's not the right h it's not the right h really it's ahmed ahmed but it's not ahmed and it's not ahmed it's between the two ahmed ahmed similarly muhammad right and surat al surat al fatiha al fatiha al fatiha right this is in a hat which is distinguished from the right everyone say one more time and again okay now this looks just like the other letters only it has a dot above it same form different dot now there are a few more things that we want to get done before before the end of class today so um since this is the same form just a different dot i'm going to uh to leave you to fill out your page for now and we're just going to go through an example and then finish up what we want to say today inshallah so we want to pronounce this word correctly now the first letter what's the first letter and then we have a and adif and then finally a that and on top of the bat is a fatiha right so this is anyone want to try this for me good good everyone say excellent everyone say remember the adif comes after the so it's not ha it's haba everyone say again right okay yeah that's all we'll do for example on that one but similar the the name common name um a lot of people a lot of people have the name khald it means everlasting essentially literally it's a it's a common name but this is an example where the common dialect of arabic has influenced how we how we pronounce the classical arabic when people have this name they typically say but if we were to pronounce it completely correctly that actually comes after the so to say it correctly would be everyone say after me now i'm not saying that everyone who has the name khald and says it aled khald is uh you know like they're pronouncing their name wrong you know it's their personal name they they figure out how to pronounce it themselves but but if you see this in the quran khald it's often appears in in the quran when talking about people staying in jannah staying in in paradise or in uh or in the fire khaldine fiha right they're staying in there forever khaldine forever khald one more time khald right okay and then finally a few notes to make about the well about the well and the yeah the well and the yeah we talked about last time as being two long vowels but they actually have other functions as well if you see one one very important rule in arabic and in the arabic in arabic linguistics the way that the arabs think about language is they say that it is physically impossible physically impossible for anyone to start a word with a vowel so in arabic when we're writing we will never ever start a word with a vowel so when we say words like a or a law what what the arab grammarians say is that it's actually starting like the first concert it starts with a consonant and that consonant is in the back is at the bottom of the throat um and it's it's when uh it happens at the vocal chords and it's where air gets stopped as if when we say uh oh uh oh you hear there's a little uh in between those uh oh uh oh you hear there's an uh in arabic grammar whenever you hear a word you think a word is starting with a vowel they say no it's actually starting with this consonant right so a law a law that starts here the first letter is uh and then we have uh uh and then a photo uh uh law a law a law similarly is slam we start with and then we have is slam it's okay if that doesn't make complete sense right now important thing is that why does this wise is important right now it's important because if we ever see wow or yeah at the beginning of a word it's not oh or e it's now a consonant wow is now what just like in its name wow what what and yeah is yeah just like in its name yeah yeah what and yeah everyone say wow again wow and then yeah yeah exactly so for example um when we say something there are various ways in arabic to to say something is obligatory it's necessary one one word is everyone say for me why jib why jib what right what uh yeah ii but everyone say for me why jib why jib so you see how the wow it's not an o it's a what sound wow similarly the yeah um to say to say it is necessary and then it is necessary to do this this thing it is necessary is yajib everyone say for me yajib yajib you have yeah jim and back and then a fatha and a kasra yajib yajib so now this yeah is that yeah yeah it's not just e if we switch them around we can say if we switch some of the letters around now this and say is jib jib jib jib it's a long vowel now yeah so both the yeah and the wow they can be either a long vowel or a consonant jib now sometimes when it's in the middle or at the end of a word it will still it won't be a long vowel it'll still be it'll be a consonant if there's any other kind of vowel any other kind of short vowel any other kind of vowel along on either side of this yeah it's not going to be a long vowel i'll show i'll show what i mean so here we have if i put a fatha there we have ja we have ja and then e and b so this has to be pronounced jib jib jib so if we have a fatha and then a ya it's a everyone see that a e a a and then fatha followed by a wow is aw everyone say for me aw aw and this brings me to the final thing i want to go over today last class period we learned how to write the different short vowels fatha damma kasra there's also one more symbol that's important to think about when we are writing the vowels and that is or at least one the next important symbol is when there's no vowel when there's no vowel on that letter we have to write something special there and it's called the there's my little box for the symbol it's called Sukun Sukun everyone say that for me Sukun Sukun so literally Sukun means rest because we don't have a long vowel on that word that we're saying Sukun and its symbol is happens above the line so if this is the line here it's just a closed circle a small circle so in the word jib here there's no vowel on the yet so we put a Sukuna we say jib jib everyone say with me jib jib similarly to say you have veiled you veiled is okay first of all what's what are the don't look at the vowel markings look at just the the letters what do we have here what's the first letter then the second letter gene third letter bat fourth letter or last letter okay in between the ha and the gene we have a bat and then what sound do we have between the gene and the bat what about between the bat and the tat we have a Sukun which means there is no vowel there so we're not going to write anything in the English we leave that blank there's no vowel in between that and finally after the tat we have a exactly so this now is hajib ta hajib ta everyone after me hajib ta hajib ta right now we don't all this means is that there's there's not a vowel there we don't like make we don't put any extra sound or any extra extra time there some people make the mistake of going like hajib and then stop that hajib and wait a bit and then say ta hajib ta hajib ta right no it just means there's not a vowel there hajib ta one more time hajib ta hajib ta so say subhanukullahu ma wabihamdik ashharu allah idha illa and astaghfiruk wa atubu alayk wa salamu alaykum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh Bismillahir rahmanir raheem wa alhamdulillahi rabbin alameen wa salat wa salamu ala sayrin al-mursaleen wa ala alihi wa sahabihi admi'een wa alaman tabihu bi ihsanin ila yawmin din if everyone could get the syllabus out we'll start with reading the the intention of imam al-haddad is anyone is anyone need a coffee is everyone have you need one okay alhamdulillahi rabbil alameen wa sallallahu ala sayirina Muhammadin wa ala alihi wa sahbihi wa sallam nawaytu tta'aluma wa tta'alima wa ttadakkura wa ttadkira wa naf'a wa lintifaa wa l'ifadata wa l istifadata wa l-hatha ala ttamassuki bi kitabillahi wa sunnati rasudihi wa dua'a ila al-huda wa dalalata ala al-khairi wa abdigha'a wajhillahi wa marzatihi wa qurbihi wa thawabihi subhanahu wa ta'ala o opener o all-knowing one grant us an opening soon in the name of Allah we all must afford the compassionate praise be to Allah Lord of the worlds and blessings and peace upon our master Muhammad his family and his companions I intend to study and teach to remember and remind to profit and bring profit to benefit and bring benefit to encourage holding fast to the book of Allah and the way of his messenger to call to guidance to direct towards good and to aim for the countenance of Allah and his pleasure his nearness and his reward exalted be he alhamdulillah so as we start now I wanted to touch upon again one thing that I mentioned in the first time we were going to the alphabet and then last class period as well what do we get for every letter that we recite when we read Quran what's the reward ten hasanaat right ten hasanaat there are some pre-requisites right like ten hasanaat when we have you know when we're facing the qiblah and when we when facing the qiblah we have all concentration when we're completely in everything right that that's only when we get the ten hasanaat right we got a smart one in the back what do you say yes i mean right well it's the specification is we're told that we get ten hasanaat for every letter that we read and so and so that's unqualified so ten hasanaat is the bare minimum like we said before ten hasanaat is the bare minimum ten hasanaat for every single letter that we recite every single letter inshallah that that we learn now and now we know how many how many letters have we learned we've learned we learned wow and yet and we have alif so I mean in a sense if if you just went through the whole Quran and you looked at now we have nine letters so that's about a third of the alphabet you don't know all of the all of the letters right now but if you saw every time you record you saw a letter that you recognized if you just read that letter there we go ten points another ten points another ten points right and that's the bare minimum you know if you consider other other adab other etiquettes of relationship with the Quran and recycling the Quran such as trying to be in a state of wudu facing the qiblah having presence of mind presence of body sitting in a good position all these kind of things really thinking about what you're doing even more of a multiplication more than ten right just thinking yeah so first we'd like to start with the the order of the alphabet again so first we have alif alif ba ba ta ta ta ta jeem jeem ha ha khua khua okay one final point on this last letter notice that it's khua not khua right khua there are certain letters in the arabic alphabet that that we can label them as right now the easiest terminology for now is emphatic because that's kind of a common term that you'll find emphatic letters also heavy letters raised letters these are all ways to describe letters that the main thing to know is that after these letters alif is not air it's not the typical air it's ah so one of them the only one that we know so far is khua so the one alif comes after ba it's ba when alif comes after wow it's wow but when alif comes after khua it's khua everyone say it one more time khua khua right similarly with with fatha it's not ah it's khua khab if we had just khua and ba with a fatha between them khab everyone say for me khab khab okay so we'll try to go through these examples quickly the first one everyone say for me thawb thawb right we have a fat wow and bat what's this guy that's on the well sikun what does sikun mean no vow right there's nothing there nothing there it doesn't mean we just we start thaw ba no it just means there's no vow there right we don't take a long pause everyone again thawb thawb the next one okay now i want to spend a bit of time on this one so what's the what's the first letter that we have here in this word fat good what's the what's the second letter that we have we have a yeah okay we're gonna leave that for now what's the what's the last letter thaw okay so last time actually two weeks ago let's go two weeks ago two weeks ago we were introduced to wow and yeah and then last week we also went over wow and yeah but in different contexts because wow and yeah they can be one of two things what are one of those what what are those two things that wow and yeah it can be vows or consonants right right a vowel in a sense of consonant is is a a letter that it has a definite place of articulation in in the mouth or or wherever it's it's being pronounced has a definite place vowels happen just they they fill up the whole mouth and it's it's things like ooh ah e a those are all vowels right so well and yeah can be either vowels or consonants when wow is a vowel what does it sound like ooh everyone repeat after that went ooh ooh that's well as a vowel what about why was it consonant what does it sound like what what what right right so the name for wow is has two wows in it and they're both consonants wow wow everyone say for me wow wow that's the name of the letter name of this letter it's not ooh ah ooh right everyone see that it's not the the two wows here are not vowels it's not ooh ah ooh it's wow wow so how do we know when um how do we know when wow or yeah is a consonant how do we know when it's a vowel it'll be a vowel when well two conditions we look at what comes before what comes after it right so if if what comes before it is the same type of vowel so for example in boot the kind of sound that's coming after the bat is an ooh it's an ooh sound ooh so that one on the bat is an ooh sound right so the the vowel that is before the well is the same type of vowel same type of vowel and after the well is nothing else after the well the well doesn't have any other kind of a vowel there any other short vowel there's no fat how there's no casserole right it's not it's not boat and it's not uh it's not boat and it's not boot it's boot right so in that case in that instance that one that's when we know that wow or yeah are vowels when the short vowel that comes before it is the same type as that vowel and when there's no other short vowel that comes on it right so the question is this yeah right here is it a vowel or is it a consonant consonant right because before it right so we know that it's a consonant so it's going to be written as yeah and not e right so we know it's a consonant now because what comes before it what comes before the yeah who says who says casserole who says casserole raise your hand if you say casserole okay a few raise your hand if you say fatha right fatha fatha ah fatha is the one that comes on on top where's casserole comes below just like the dots on the yeah which is the same sound as a casserole on the bottom and just like uh the casserole is on the bottom similarly with fatha and alif same kind of sounds fatha fatha and alif fatha goes above the letters alif also sits above the line right that's one way to remember it anyway right so it's a fatha that comes before it and what comes after the yeah I mean what kind of symbol is is on the yeah what is it sakun sakun right typically if you see sakun it means it's uh it's a consonant as well typically right but this is enough to tell us that it's going to be a consonant because we have a different vowel before it a different vowel before it so how do we say this right everyone after me fah fah okay and finally this one we have an alif after a khaw so it's not going to be this alif is is not going to be pronounced a how is it going to sound ah exactly khaw ba khaw ba khaw ba the fatha comes after the bat so that fatha is going to be like normal going to be ah ah a lot of people make the mistake of having this letter affect all the consonants that come around it after it before it right so we're not going to say khaw ba khaw ba right because the fatha is on the bat bat any alif or fatha that comes after bat sounds like ah whereas if it comes after khaw it sounds like ah right so khaw ba khaw ba good good okay any questions questions or things after the homework or anything in general yeah right you're talking about when we're writing in like with english letters right alif i'm going to use a a though you might see that that's often common as well right and then for wow right what is it exactly w that's my system and then for yeah exactly right ah e was that it okay okay let's get to the good stuff so just make my lunch now again right so we have basically four letters to go over today um good news is yeah i think there's only good nothing but good news today right all of arabic is good news anyway but anyway good news today uh i guess i should say the news because all news about arabic is is good news alhamdulillah the news is that we have uh we have four letters uh to go over today and then a few more symbols uh once we're done with that inshallah um and and all of these sounds are pretty much in in english important thing is just to bring precise about them alhamdulillah and and all the shapes are not that complicated too so alhamdulillah first one alif bata so so everyone say for me is the sound just like the english d everyone say for me right okay so we can pretty much say right this sound is just like the english d the way it's written best way to think about it is um that it's basically two sides of a triangle the two right sides of a triangle so we start about halfway up the line if our total height of the line is say you know this high so an alif is going to be that tall we start about halfway up the line you go back a bit and make a curve kind of a pointed curve and then across on the line like that that's it like two sides to a triangle and it's all sits on the line the dad sits on the line like that when it's at the beginning of a word exactly the same just like the wow the alif this doesn't connect to what comes after it so it looks exactly the same we write the dial and then we have to lift our pens up again to do the rest of the word and then just like the alif and wow which don't connect when we have a letter that does connect coming before it we're going to be coming into the dial we come into the dial but then it doesn't connect to what comes after it again so we're coming in from a previous letter we go up for that point of the triangle retrace that point and then go along the line once again coming in from another letter we go up retrace that line and then along the line and then the when it's to the end of the word exactly the same as the middle now i'm going to write a few examples down at the at the bottom and we'll go from there take your time writing this down i have to pop to the side quickly so i'm just going to have this information on on on board and then and then take your time trying to decipher it let's see okay so go through these examples now and then i'll wait to go around and and check everyone's writing until i've gone through the next letter so this one any brave souls this first word what is this yeah have seen good everyone daj daj okay this one anyone yes me good jidah jidah you can see that jidah and then finally bed right everyone bed bed okay the next letter is the val val val so we've already done the fat the fat is the sound as in thief everyone say thief thief that's the fat but in English th can also sometimes mean the val sound so in the word that that's the sound that we're talking about everyone say that that thief that everyone tells that there's a difference there so the way we work the way we write the val is just like the dal only with a dot on top on top of the point of that triangle we put a dot so now everyone pay attention now with me so the val val is in that fat as in thief the difference is that for the val for the val there's you're using your vocal chords on that on that sound it's like the difference between s and z everyone everyone say like an s sound okay put your put your fingers on your on your throat too and say now say does everyone feel that vibration now similarly here everyone say as in thief as as now that as as as everyone feel that for the that for that there's vibration now right so that's the difference between val and fat the vibration that happens in the vocal chords right here so for all the forms all four of them just like the dad only with a dot on the top it goes on the line so now i'll write a few letters in english for you to write down as practice and while you try some of the practice then i'll um i'll take a look at your at your writing as well and then quickly one one note as well i'm putting an underline under the dh putting a line under the dh just to show that it's not d and h and that's all one symbol there just like i did the fat so first one that first we have of course first letter is a that followed by what comes after the dad and alif and then finally after the alif is a that everyone say for me that that next what do we have while acting as what val or consonant consonant right and then we have what yeah and then finally that everyone say for me weave weave okay and then finally first we have a a jim and then followed by a that and do we connect to the to the next letter or not no because that and that never connect to what comes after them so what's the final letter but what about this this a this letter a that comes after the bat don't we put an alif in it's a fatha right because it's a single a that i've written means it's a fatha if there are an alif there i would put two a's not a single a so we have a fatha there and then similarly after the there we have a what fatha and after the jim we also have a fatha okay so say with me jadaba jadaba okay any questions on any of this okay moving on next we have the everyone say for me ra so we have we have a's in uh in english but the um the a is um obviously it differs from what kind of english you speak and and many uh many european and latin based languages have an a but across them it's very different terms of how it's pronounced well the way the french pronounce it is is very far back in the so l l um and but then you could probably tell that i pronounce it differently from the way that most of you pronounce it too so for example what you would sit on what would you call that chair chair right whereas i would call it chair chair right anyway there's a lot of variation in the way that we pronounce a's um for now um for now the typical ah orah orah orah orah orah orah orah and for now it's uh whatever you do is is is fine i think though they'll keep in mind that it's um eventually you want to get to a point where it's your tongue is orah orah your tongue is touching the front of the roof of your mouth try to visualize that and then do that orah orah orah orah orah orah if anyone knows how to roll the a's it's that same the place that you put your tongue for that that's where the orah is pronounced for even though in in arabic i mean when you're pronouncing quran quranic quranic arabic uh in the best way uh you wouldn't be rolling the a's it's not bismillahi ur rahmani ur raheem no bismillahi ur rahmani ur raheem right anyway that's the ra everyone say for me ra okay good so did anyone notice anything about what that sounds like when we say the word or when we say the name of the letter anyone notice anything compare it to ba ta ta dal val ra it's work exactly it's ra not ra just like khat so when adif or fatah comes after the ra it's going to sound like ah it's that deeper sound because orah is emphatic orah is emphatic so allah is lord of the worlds right rub rub all alamin rub everyone say for me rub rub rub it's not rub yeah i had to think about that because it's so unnatural for me to to say it's not rub rub right rub no rub rub rahman rahman right not rahman so any fatah or adif that comes after this is ah and it's a pretty simple letter to to write just like the dal and the dal doesn't connect to what comes after it when it's alone it's written as kind of a curve that starts a bit above the line but goes down below the line that's a bit above the line goes down below the line like that it almost looks like if you took the dal or the dal and kind of straighten it out a bit and then stuck it below the line or say if you took if you took the part of the dal or dal that lies on the line and then kind of twisted it down pull it down a bit yeah looks like a what a comma yeah almost like a like a backwards comma actually no that would be the right way and yeah but it's going to be bigger than yeah than a comma and then yeah but it does kind of look like a comma what and since it doesn't connect to what comes after it the when it begins a word it's going to look just like when it's alone like the same and then finally when it's in the middle or the end we're going to be coming in from a previous letter just like that and that so we're going to be coming in and then make the rot like that into the letter go up a bit and then down below the line going through these these examples i wrote on the board let's start with the one at the bottom here anyone want to try this close what comes what what's coming after the the rot what's on the rot exactly so not barud but what yeah bari right rot with a kasra is ri right and then exactly so okay but not quite barid because the first because we have because we have an adiff so that's going to be the long vowel whereas kasra is the short vowel right this is a short vowel here this is a long vowel so not barid here it's short long what you gave me was short long but long short right so how do we say that once again barid barid okay everyone barid barid right long short long short in terms of the vowels there right now the one above that comes right at the beginning of the Quran after surah al-fatiha surah al-bakara adab Allah bismillahir rahmanir raheem adif laaam meem that he can keep a bullet right right everyone save me right right right notice there's a fatha on the rot so the fat has going to sound like ah it's not right raib but raib ra iib ra iib raib raib and then the last one everyone with me baara baara baara good okay and finally the last full consonant that we have today last full letter we have today is its name is zay everyone say for me zay zay the sound is just a yeah i typically write my z's like that it's a z yeah sometimes i say zayn and sometimes zay i've i've never heard zayn before i've heard zah some of the classical books have zah musa have you ever heard zayn like with a noon at the end of the letter really okay okay alhamdulillah the standard way the standard the standard name of the letter is zay the most common one you'll you'll find is zay okay alhamdulillah i learnt something new today yeah but the way you'll find it mostly is is zay zay one more time zay zay and this is just like the rot with a dot over it same thing that's the zay so let's try these two words that i put here first we have uh raisins raisins the other word for raisins is what zabeeb zabeeb and then um write this one zayt zayt just like raibe only for here the fatah was after the rot so it's an a aib raibe zayt everyone zayt zayt right means oil oil related to the word for olive too olive oil zayt zaytun zaytun anyone heard of zaytuna college has anyone not heard of zaytuna college here i don't quick plug for zaytuna if you know anyone of high school age college age two feels like they're not in the right place in college consider zaytuna college i'm serious zaytuna is an important it's an important thing that's that's going on right now in our community um you don't know much about zaytuna i really encourage you um if you are around the age of wanting to look into college or know anyone who is encourage them to apply right now applications are coming in filling places are filling up fast they have a four-year bachelor's degree program liberal arts with a major in Islamic studies or Arabic and then um also if you want to go on after this there is the zaytuna summer Arabic intensive program as well um so i just wanted to put that plug in i during during the week time i'm the coordinator student life at zaytuna so that's my take on it but seriously consider it and spread the word as well anyway any questions on this stuff the zayt or zabib this one okay i'll make it a little bigger um okay so first we have what what is this that's a zay and on the zay is a what a fatah then we have what are the we have now we have three that does it come after that right bat and then the last one is a bat as well and between them i could put a kasra on the bat as well zabib because the sound that comes after the bat is an i zabib zabib so if we know this is a yat and as a kasra there's an i sound before the yat and there's no other vowel on the yat what do we know about that yat it's a what it's a vowel it's a vowel it's a consonant if there's a different vowel on on either side of it that's when it would be a consonant if there's a different vowel coming before after it but since kasra is the same vowel sound is as yat i versus i and it's going to be anyway we can't really have we can't really have this combination in in arabic anyway zabib zabib we need we need some kind of we can't really pronounce that it doesn't really work we need some kind of consonant in in that anyway so you can kind of rule out that the yat is going to be a consonant because you can't really pronounce pronounce uh oh that's horrible hand right i think uh zabib zabib that doesn't really work zabib zabib everyone one more time zabib zabib so those are all the the full letters that we have to go through today finally two symbols to go through before we're done two extra symbols one we have a symbol in arabic called the shedda everyone say for me shedda shedda literally shedda means strengthening strengthening shedda why because whenever we have this symbol on a letter it's like a vowel symbol it's like a vowel symbol so if if someone if you're writing arabic without writing all the vowels you might not see the shedda there but if you're putting all the vowels then you will see the shedda there the shedda means that it doubles the consonant that it's on when it's on top of a consonant it means that consonant is double so i'll show you the the sign for it and then i'll give some examples we'll pronounce a few examples it basically looks like kind of a tilted w it's it's above the line and it's like that kind of slanted slanted down to the left so if we want a bat like that an interesting interesting point now when we combine this with vowels a fatha or a dhamma sit they sit right on top of the shedda if there is something but the kasra a bat with a shedda on top of it for all of these if we have a kasra on it kasra is normally go below the line right but if we have a shedda on that word the shedda goes the kasra goes below the shedda this is a kasra right here even though it's above the letter itself it's below the kasra uh yeah the kasra is below the kasra thanks for that the kasra is below the shedda even though it's above the consonant itself it's below the shedda which is what counts now some examples let's see what does this say right here rada there we go everyone rada rada rada now if we put a shedda on the da now it becomes rada rada rada everyone hear the difference if there's no shedda that it rada rada if there's shedda then it's double we have the we have the the consonant gets doubled oh rada rada everyone say for me again rada rada right another example for this one here it means attractive attractive is jevab everyone say after me jevab jevab right it's not jevab not just jevab but we stay that the there gets doubled we stay on that one jevab jevab right right that's another example and I could think of a good one for this one here we have a rada followed by a bat followed by a yeah what's the what's the consonant on the bat what's the consonant symbol on the bat there i'm way out of whack today i'm sorry what's the vowel symbol on the bat is it it's a kasra because it's below the shedda it's below the shedda here so it's a kasra right so it's a kasra now what comes on the rada what's on the rada fatha and that what's being done to the bat right here it's being doubled so this means my lord my lord everyone say for me right not ruby not ruby but ruby ruby right because it gets doubled so lord is a rub not just rub but rub now if you look if you look in in the in the mushaf anywhere you look and you find Allah's name i'm gonna write it here though i know we don't know all of the symbols yet we don't know the la and the sound but Allah it has a shedda there shedda because it's not it's not Allah it's not Allah it's Allah right Allah Allah everyone say for me Allah Allah right so if you go look at Allah when it has vowels you'll see that there is that shedda there on top of the la sound on top of the lamb sound yeah that's kind of that gets a bit more complicated i'm gonna when we get to lamb and and hat and talk about Allah's name i'll i'll say that yeah yeah i'll talk about that a good question good question okay now one more symbol to go through um this symbol is called the hamsa not as in your name your name is hamsa this is hamsa small h everyone say for me hamsa hamsa right this is it's almost like a letter um because it's it's it's written out but it's not really counted as a letter there's a whole history behind that of has to do with the way it was pronounced in in the prophet's time peace be upon him anyway this when you see this symbol a hamsa is the technical term for it in english is um glottal stop because we kind of have this sound in english but we we don't really think about it so when i say when something goes wrong and i forget to say alhamdulillah i might say if i get caught up in the moment i might say uh-oh right everyone say for me uh-oh uh-oh this dash right here is basically that's the hamsa sound right there that's a glottal stop glottal stop what it means is that it's it's stopping you're stopping in at the place of your vocal chords you're not saying you're not combining these two vowels here and saying oh oh right there's a stop in the middle uh-oh your vocal chords close uh oh right uh oh one more time for me uh oh uh oh right there's a break there there's a break there in the vowel sound and that's the hamsa that's the hamsa so the the way this is written is there are several ways it's written we'll go over a few now and get to a few later on in the class one is that it you you can see it on the line and it looks like it's on the line like that it's almost like a c with a line slanting down on the c like this and this is the hamsa so if you're meticulous and you pay attention to detail and you'd be realizing how i've been writing some of the letters some of the names of these of these letters that we've gone over already so for example when i write out that i wrote out b a a apostrophe apostrophe the usual way that that we write the hamsa in english is like a an apostrophe so that's because at the end just like here look there we go wrote an apostrophe there because the name of the of the letter the third letter that we went over today if you'd write out that name it would be like that because at the end we have a stop a little listen to how i say it's not just it's easier to hear if say we put something on the on the hamsa so say for example we put a fatha on that it would be similarly say a lot of the a lot of the names of the words like this everyone say for me make sure at the end does it a bit of an sound it's not so strong but there is that baa baa everyone over emphasize it for me baa baa baa right because your vocal chords are closing at that point no this is the only this is the when it sits on the line this is the way you see it it doesn't connect in any way to what's before or after it and it's not really a letter though it kind of is any other questions one final thing now about the hamsa i mentioned this before about how in arabic linguistics the way the arabs think about language is that they say that it is physically impossible for a human being to start a word with a with a vowel right it is physically impossible to start a word with a vowel what they say then is that every time you think you're hearing a vowel at the beginning of a word what's basically happening is that it's a hamsa starting that word and then you hear the vowel after the hamsa because before you start any vowel your vocal chords are closed so when i say a or u the first thing i'm doing is that basically my vocal chords are closed the first thing i'm doing is that they're closed then i open them to say the uh but before that uh my vocal chords are closed there's a hamsa that uh so according to the arabs and the way that they view their language anytime you hear a consonant at the beginning of the word that's actually a hamsa beginning the word and so that's going to be reflected in the writing system what that means is that um unfortunately hamsa isn't it's not so easy now hamsa isn't written exactly on the line when it starts a word it always has a seat of an alif when it's at the beginning of a word what do i mean by that a lot of technical stuff and shahla it'll all start coming together it means that say for example we hear the word um we hear we hear the word uh abhi abhi my father abhi oh that's bad abhi even though we hear it starting with the consonant what's basically happening is that it's a hamsa there but when the hamsa begins at the beginning of a word it needs to sit on top of an alif that's what you're going to see you're going to see this abhi everyone see this we have a we have an alif with the hamsa on it and then as a fatha abhi similarly with the dhamma so for example um all right blanking i'll just come up with a nonsense word for now um oh great now but they don't know the meme yet yeah but we haven't done meme yet yeah alhamdulillah um okay utab here we go quickly there we go even though it's a dhamma it's still every time that we have a kasra at the sorry every time that we have a hamsa at the beginning of a word it has the seat of an alif seat of an alif so even though it's a dhamma this time utab we still have an alif for the seat of the hamsa and then a dhamma on top of that utab everyone say for me utab and then finally and this is where we inshallah end today um before we get into um a bit of review and stuff to wrap things up if we have a kasra sound starting so and a lot of words that we might be familiar with islam iman when you see that written out in arabic you're going to see it starts with a what what does it start with it doesn't start with a vowel we just said it doesn't start with a vowel don't kill me man you're killing me it starts with a hamsa right so we're going to see a hamsa except when we have an ih sound when it's a kasra just like how the kasra sits below the line the hamsa actually sits below the alif when you write it so you see it like that this is for the ih sound so if we had say for example ibb ibb there we go that's ibb and just so you can see it even though we we haven't gone over the other letter symbols i'll show you how to write islam islam so you see we have seat of an alif with the hamsa under it because it's a kasra there and that's how it is i know it's a lot of information now like i warned at the beginning we're trying to do this with going through once a week instead of twice a week so i'm trying to cram a lot of information in and then and then we'll work through it and build on it and and the last few weeks are all reviewed so we can make sure that we're all kind of it's all sunk in even if it doesn't sink in immediately now it'll come it'll come when you start a word with an alif there was always going to be a not a majority of the time there will always be an alif there will always be a hamsa there um when when you start yeah when you think you're starting a word with a with a vowel it's always there's actually a hamsa there now if you if you were to say like Allah ar-Rahman ar-Rahim that starts with ah right um there are times when you do write the hamsa there's times when you don't write the hamsa that gets a little complicated we'll go over that towards the end of the class inshallah but there is still a hamsa there in the mind of our arab linguists it starts that word starts with a hamsa okay any questions about about the hamsa and it's a lot of information right now but any more questions about it okay so tonight do you do you want to do a bit of review and stuff that's okay i'll finish it up i'll finish it up but i'll finish up the the homework if you do you want to do you want to do some stuff or would you rather not okay okay that sounds good okay so a few points of review let's start with you guys what what would you like to see in terms of um we don't have that much time left of class but we could do me saying words in arabic in you trying to uh me saying words and you trying to write them in arabic or um me writing arabic words and we try to say them together or writing english letters and you try to write them in arabic anything anyone particularly wants to work on right now writing okay okay okay let's let's try some let's try some dictation then so i'm going to say something and you try to write it in arabic as you hear it okay okay so so finally now it's the end just a bit of encouragement and we have a a a hadith from the collection of abu davud it's reported that the prophet sallallahu alayhi wasallam said so here we understand that the prophet aleyhi sallallahu alayhi wasallam said whoever reads the kur'an and applies what they have read, then his or her parents will be given a crown to wear on Yom Tihana on the last day. And the light of this crown is better than the light of the sun in this world. And so when we think about this, we think that what we're doing here in learning this Arabic is not just for ourselves, it's for our parents, for our communities, and ultimately they'll get that reward and that pleasure for the work that we put in right now. So, As-Salaamu Alaykum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu, Wa Barakatuhu, Wa Barakatuhu, Wa Barakatuhu. So first we'll, as usual, read the intention from Imam al-Haddad, on the syllabus. So if you're new, take a look at the syllabus on the back. There's a kind of a long Arabic thing, but then the way to pronounce it, the transliteration, is right below it. You can read from that. Yeah, Fattah. Sorry, and then if you could share. Any questions? Ya Fattah. Ya Aneemu. Iftah mana, Fattahan kareba. Bismillahir Rahmanir Raheem. Alhamdulillahi Rabbilalameen. wa sallallahu ala Sayyidina Muhammadin, wa ala alihi wa sahbihi wa sallam. Tawaitu ttaalluma, wa ttaalima, wa ttathakkura, wa ttathkira, wa nnafa'a, wa l'indhifaa'a, wa l'ifadata, wa l'istifadata, wa l'haffaa'a, wa l'altamassuki, bi kitabil lahi, wa sunnati rasudihi, wa dua'a'a, ilal huda'a, wa dalalata, alal khairi, wa btg'a'a, wa jihid lahi, wa marzatihi, wa kurbihi, wa tawabihi, subhanahu, wa ta'ala. I'd like to go around and hear from everyone now, just returning to intentions now, why we're here. So I'd like to hear from everyone, why are you here? What's going on here? So I'll stop myself. Why am I here? Why am I doing what I'm doing? Because I believe that, first of all, I have this knowledge of the Arabic, and so I feel a responsibility to pass that knowledge on to others. And second of all, I believe that there is great reward in helping people understand religious knowledge, understand the Quran. And I want that reward. I'm not going to give up on that, because I know that I'm in need of everything I can get in this world. That whole world is a vast farmland, and whatever we can grow, whatever we can pick up and harvest, we need to get that done in this life. And so that's why I'm here. I just want to remind everyone just always, always be aware of your intentions. And then always also be aware of the balance that we have to find in life. Allah has told us that this religion is a religion of balance, and it is very hard to forget that. It's very hard to find the balance between confidence in the knowledge that we do have, and almost the uncomfortableness, or the discomfort and the effort that it takes to acquire new knowledge. And it's easy to fall into one of the extremes, either to be satisfied with what we have and say, this is all I need, I'm set, I got my knowledge, I got my five prayers I do, I know that's going to take me to Jannah. No, we can never really be satisfied. We can never really be sure of what we're missing out on, and what Allah has in store for us, and what we can be doing. But at the same time, it's also easy to overburden ourselves and take this class and that class and try to keep up on everything. And this session, and this course, this 15 week course, it's not for everyone. Not everyone is going to become, is going to get all of the information in this course during this time. And I'm trying to go pretty quickly through the letters as well, so not all of it is going to come immediately. But the importance is to put everything in perspective, not be overburdened by things, but understand how we can learn what we can learn from things. And be able to take knowledge without feeling the weight of all this stuff that we need to learn. Because it's true that many of the scholars have said that learning Arabic, or at least learning how to pronounce the Arabic, and specifically how to pronounce the Quran, including with all the different rules, so beyond just the alphabet, but knowing all the different rules of tajweed, many scholars have said this is an individual obligation upon every single Muslim. Meaning, if you're not working towards that, well, if you don't have that right now, and your life ends at this point, you're missing something and you could potentially be held accountable for that. There's that, there's that place where we find there's that position. But it's not just that position that we need to pay attention to, we need to also pay attention to the fact that everything that we do, every way in which we strive, even, it doesn't matter what we accomplish in this world, what matters first is our intentions, what's going into what we accomplish, because we're not the ones who make the work happen. Allah is the one who makes the work happen. All we can do is just kind of manage to point ourselves in the right direction. As Allah says in the Quran, Those who strive in our ways, we will guide to our paths. Those who strive in us, we will guide to our paths. And notice that when Allah says this, He says Not sabilana, sabilana is our path, our path. But He says sabulana, our paths, because the number of paths to Allah is the number of breaths in the creation. Everyone has a different path. But each path has to be sanctioned in a way. There is the one path to Allah, and we believe as Muslims that Islam is really the only way to really get to Allah, if we're going to be serious about ourselves, that He has set this down. This is what we need to do in order to get to Him. But then within that general thing, within that one path, everyone has their individual things that they need to do. Individual qualities that have been placed inside of them that they need to take care of. And then individual lights and insights that no one else really has, but they have and they need to develop those and let those shine and let those shine to others. So some of you sitting here have a talent with language. And it might not be apparent, yet it might be apparent. And so for those people, those of you are going to become the teachers and the teachers of this language in the community, insha'Allah. But others of you have different things to offer and different things to work with. And so we just ask Allah to grant all of us Tawfiq in what brings us closer to Him and brings other people closer to Him through us. So first, any questions about the homework, immediate things, things burning in your mind, anything? Yeah? Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Yeah, that's a little tricky. Because I think, as far as I could tell, the DVD was more meant for a computer. And it's, yeah, and it's really, it's hard to use like a DVD player. It's just a general DVD player rather than a computer to use it, yeah. Yeah, so I don't really know how to get past it. I mean, and all of the work that's in the homework, the work on the worksheet and the DVD exercises, all of that, none of it's completely necessary. They're all tools that I'm giving you access to, that I'm suggesting to you in order to work on things. And I also want to say that just in case I forget about the homework for today, that the worksheets are getting kind of longer, I think. So now, the one that I made for today is a full three pages, I think. But just understand that we all do what we need and what we're capable of. I'm trying to, the reason I make the homework and, yeah, the reason I put the homework together is to give you tools to kind of figure out what you need to work on and to give you the ability to work on certain things. So that I can say, it's not because I need you to fill out a certain number of questions. And so the important thing is the effort that comes from your part. What I care about at the end of the day is that you learn the material as much as you can, not that you complete all the homework. I just want to make sure that's clear if that wasn't clear for anyone. Are there any more burning questions on the homework or anything? Anything that's definitely covered? If not, we'll go through a bit of review using these examples, then we'll get to the new material, insha'Allah. Okay, so first, first these Arabic words. Um, this. Anyone give it a try? The first word at the top. Yep, good, good. Tahtaj. Everyone, tahtaj. Tahtaj. Tahtaj. Remember it's a, this one is a ha, ha. Right, not just a simple ha, ha. But a full throaty like we're puffing in the mirror. Ha. Um, actually, once again before I forget, let's go through the alphabet too. Alif. Alif. Alif. Ba. Ba. Ba. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. Ta. So what's the first symbol that we have? What's the first letter that we have? What's the second letter? Ha. Good. Third letter? Wow. And then last letter? And then between the ba'a and the ha'a is a dhamma. There we have it. Everyone. Busu. Okay. Now, I'm not trying to trick you, but there's something funny that's going on here. In both of these, the ta'a and the ba'a isn't just starting on the line. One way we could write it would be to write it like, this looks like a bad thing. Look at that. See? We have our line. Nice and neat. Ta'a on the line. Goes up to ha'a on the line. But, one thing about handwriting is that when a few letters in the alphabet and for a few of them, other letters can actually get stacked on top of them. So this is what we're seeing here. We have a ha'a. And this form, jeem ha'a haa. These letters for now, these are the only ones that there are only few letters that work like this. But, this general form of jeem ha'a haa. These are the only letters so far that we know that we can stack other letters on top of. Basically, any letter that connects to, like, is coming before the jeem ha'a haa and connects to it can be stacked on top of it. And you'll often see this in handwriting. I just want to expose you to this as well. So, does everyone see that? That the top of the haa pretty much becomes the line for what's coming before. You see that? So there's the ta'a and then there's the haa. Sahtaj. In handwriting, yes. It's a lot more common. Yes. And so, also, we could write it like, if we're putting everything on the line, we'd write it like that. But, but, we can stack the ba'a on top, just like we did with the ta'a, like that. So, what you might see too is that, it's just a convention that instead of that tooth going down, you might see that it's almost like it's a hook. So here we have, for example, ta'a. So even though we normally write a ta'a on the line, and the tooth of it goes down to the line here, we have a tooth growing up. The important thing is just that there is some kind of tooth here. Even though it's been flipped upside down in handwriting, you can just see that there's this, there's that tooth there. And we see that there's a dot under that tooth. Which means it's a ba'a. And it's bruhud. Everyone again, bruhud. Bruhud. So any questions on this, on the stacking? Yes. In handwriting, is this a solid script anymore? No, I'm pretty sure you won't see it in chronic script. But in other kinds of printed scripts sometimes. Actually, there might be some instances in the chronic script where you'd see this. I'm not exactly sure though. Typically everything tends to be written along the line. Yeah. Just like how in chronic script you'll see instead of there, you won't typically see the dots connected like that. They'll have two dots for the instead of the line. But we need to be comfortable with this because this is how you'll see it almost always in handwriting. Same with stacking when someone's writing. So when someone's writing a verse of the Quran and they have experience with Arabic or their native Arabic speakers themselves or spend time in the Arabic world they'll typically write it stacking and won't think twice about it. They'll assume that you can decipher what they've written on the board with the stacking. That's why I'm giving it to you. Okay. Let's move on to this one. Anyone want to give this a try? Yep. Good. Good. One more time. Good. Everyone. So we have but what's on the back? A Shadda. Hence the Ba is doubled. So instead of just if we didn't have the Shadda there it would just be everyone say this for me. But when we do add the Shadda that doubles that letter so it becomes Qabbaaz Qabbaaz Qabbaaz Qabbaaz Right. Also if we think about the vows here we have an Alif coming after the Ba but then we have a Fatah coming after the Qa and since Qa is Qa even in the name of the letter we don't call it Qa it's Qa which means that any time Alif or Fatah comes after the Qa it's not going to sound A it's going to sound A Right. Qa. Qa. Not Qa. Not Qabbaaz Qabbaaz Qalid Right. Okay. Q. Can you change the meaning of the word as opposed to it not having the word? Yes. Shadda can definitely change the meaning of the word. So for example yeah a very common example is if you have a basic verb if you have a basic verb in its basic form and then you just add a Shadda to the letter you make that verb more transitive. I'll give you an example Alima Alima means to know Alima Alama so now I've doubled the L means to teach so to make someone else know Darasa anyone heard the word Darse? Darse? How many people have heard this word before? Darse? Yeah, it's like Halakha I mean literally means lesson sometimes you hear this in Muslim communities there'll be a Darse after Fajr Darasa means to study Darasa means to study but Darrasa Darrasa means to teach Right. So if you add a Shadda to one letter that can mean it can completely change the meaning definitely. That's why it's important Okay and then finally this last example First of all what's this first symbol here? It's a Hamza Right. It's a Hamza on the seat of Alif It's a seat of an Alif and then that Hamza after it after that Hamza is coming a Kasra, right? So we said before in Arabic and indeed in the minds of the Arabs how Arabs conceive language you can't start any word, no word can start with a vowel always has to start with a consonant and if it sounds like it's starting with a vowel it's actually starting with a Hamza an F sound because you have your vocal cords closed first and then you're making the sound come So if we were to transliterate this we could put the Hamza sound as an apostrophe almost and then go with but often you won't the Hamza symbol isn't really necessary because we know that if we're seeing a vowel at the beginning of a word we know it's going to be starting with a Hamza because in Arabic we can't start a word with a vowel and then when we're thinking about this seat the Hamza goes below the Alif it's a kasra when we have the IH sound the Hamza sits below the Alif but it sits on the Alif if we have a Fatha or Bama sits on top of the Alif so for example here we have Ab Father Ab and then the word Ud Ud okay any questions about that yes yeah well at the the Hamza usually needs a seat and when it's at the beginning of the word the Hamza always has the seat of an Alif when it's at the beginning of the word always has the seat of an Alif but it's when it's in the middle of the word or at the end it can be sitting on the line but it can also have a different seat different vowel service seats and those different seats will be getting to them in a few weeks insha'Allah good question right so if we write the name of the letter Ba out we write that out Ba it is like this like the Hamza sitting on the line Ba everyone say for me Ba Ba similar to Ra Ra remember it's not just Ra but Ra Ra Ra now I'm kind of overemphasizing the Hamza there but it's there the presence of that that R sound gets stopped Ra right okay the four letters to go over this week insha'Allah oh also if now everyone could pass their homework in that direction so that you can take a look at it so four letters to go over today insha'Allah two forms basically so for each of these there'll be two sets of letters and then they're going to differ in terms of dots the first letter is pretty easy in sound called the Seen everyone say for me Seen Seen so this is just like a regular English S everyone say S yeah so we have this we have this sound in English too the form of it now is it's a beautiful letter actually it has several different T as a few T and a tail when it's at the when it stands alone so here we see we start with the two this is the Seen right here we start with a tooth we go up for another tooth and then a tail that dips below the line and that's the Seen when it stands alone it basically has three teeth up there and a tail three teeth and a tail when it's at the beginning of a word beginning or middle we lose the tail basically we lose the tail but in place of the tail we're going to be a length of line so we have the we start with these three teeth and then go on a bit along the line and then we go up to whatever next letter we have so three T and then along the line for a bit and then the next letter when it's in the middle it's pretty straight forward we're coming in from a previous letter we go up for those three T and then along the line for a bit and then next on to the next letter and make sure that there's this length along the line that length should be about twice the length at least of what it takes to make the three teeth so a reasonable length along the page too along the line and then if it's at the end of the word then we have that tail so we're coming in from a previous letter make those three T and then tail and this is the scene probably coming around now take a look at everyone okay it's looking good now moving on to the actually yeah let's do an example of two of the word common colloquial word that you'll hear someone wants you to stop or like that's enough something is or we ask we ask Allah to relieve all the people of Syria and all of the Muslims and everyone relieves them from oppression in the world Ya Allah release Muslims in every area from the predicaments the oppression they're suffering under but one thing that was a slogan of the government in Syria it's probably still heard there when I was there when the uprising was starting it was Syria Bashar there's something like ah I don't remember exactly the rhythm now but something like Syria, Bashar or Bas Syria Bashar who's the president Bashar Assad and that's all Syria, Bashar and Bas that's all anyway Bas is like that's enough so how we write that but with the scene so now now see we have a tooth for the bat and then we have these three tooth for the scene and a tail Bas Bas everyone say Bas Bas right and then if it's at the beginning of the word Sad everyone Sad Sad Sad Sad Sad Sad Sad Sad now the next is the Sheen Sheen once again when I write this out I put two lines under it so it's not like it means it's not an H but SH together Sheen I want to say again Sheen so we have this sound in English too although with English we have to use two letters together to represent this sound it's present common sound in English the Sheen now is just like the scene except over the over the middle of the T we have three dots and that's the Sheen and then once again these three dots just like the that they can be connected to form a little hat there and that's the Sheen so just like in English we have an S to represent the sound the sound we add a we add an H to the S just like here we have these three teeth is the basic form of the scene and then we add the hat or the three dots to make it a Sheen one important note too that we said that the full form of the letter the full form of the Sheen the three dots here so in the most formal un-stylized way you'd see these three dots and you'll see the three dots in the Quran but almost always in handwriting you'll see the little hat there's another interesting thing that goes on with scene and Sheen basically that just like how it's a little tedious to put all the dots on together rather than connect them it's a little tedious to do all those teeth go up and then up and up and up so what actually you'll see happens a lot of time in handwriting is that the scene and the Sheen basically just become a line how most people write it in handwriting is for these when they're starting out or when it's alone a little dip you almost you come up from the line just like how we saw when we stacked the bat and the tat on top of the hat we saw that it got flipped upside down so the tooth was pointing down here we have a little bit of a tooth pointing down and then we got up to the line and look at that it's a line with a tail rather than the three dots this is a common way to see and here we have a scene here we have a scene similarly when it's beginning just a line along the and this is the best one when it's in the middle of the word there we go that's our scene and our Sheen and when it comes to the end it's just a line and we make sure to give it its tail yes it's just like how this begins with the tooth it's just to start the letter yes it's a convention you start growing up to the line yes and so gathering gathering this is a word that's found in several places in the Quran who wants to say this for me anyone okay I heard Hassur first which should be true except we have right here we go everyone say for me Hassur Hassur right and then to make someone feel is well or some form there could be a more common word for this but this basically means to make someone feel here we have Hassasa Hassasa Hassasa so here we have the Ha is right here then we have this scene right here and then we have a scene and then another scene so rather than just have a really really long line there's this tooth up here to distinguish that okay we're starting another scene too that's a Ha plus a scene plus a scene and that the middle letter has a shadow over it and in between each one actually after each letter is have one one more time Hassasa Hassasa any questions about this stuff yes yeah it's more common handwriting to see it as the line so we all need to be familiar with this at least even if you choose to write all the dots out yourself that makes you feel comfortable fine but at least be able to recognize like if I'm going to write a word quickly up I'll probably I'm not going to do those teeth because I've been writing for years and that's what I'm used to I'm used to writing without the teeth just a line any other questions so moving on now we have two more letters to do and these two letters are actually interesting letters the sounds aren't really present in English but they almost are so first we have the sard everyone say for me sard sard sard sard so now today we're learning lowercase s and we're learning uppercase the capital s these are two different sounds so if I say we had actually here down here I give the example of seen alif del everyone say for me sard sard and this one is sard sard everyone notice the difference there there's a difference in the difference is in the letter itself but the basic way to tell the difference is that you tell that the vowels around it kind of sound different so the sard is an emphatic letter because which means as we've spoken about before just as we spoke with about the khat we say khat and we say not khat and orat because these are emphatic when alif or fatha and those are the vowels the a vowel we notice the most change in when we have alif or fatha normally it sounds like what? normally it sounds like a but after the emphatic vowels like constants emphatic letters it changes to what does it sound like now ah as in fatha no longer ah as in bat but ah as in fatha like this one sard sard so if we want to think technically about how to pronounce it too the reason that the the alif is being changed is because there's a change in the way that the tongue is really in the way that the alif is being said it's not just that sa seen and sard are really the same letter and they they just a lot of the times when we pronounce it as native English because we just say seen and sard we're not really changing the way we actually say this but if you hear if I don't have a vowel over it I'll say this one this one sounds like this one sounds like what's happening inside my mouth is that if you think about this being the ah the bottom part of the mouth so here are the teeth right here here are the teeth and this is this is the tongue right here for the seen everyone go sss sss and if you feel inside your mouth actually just put at least one finger in that sss sss you're putting your tongue on your bottom teeth like that close to them that's what's happening this is the seen this is what's going on with the seen right here sss s with the sard and indeed with all of the emphatic letters the reason that this changes the way that the vowel around it sounds is because the tongue in the middle is expanded it's puffed up so we have seen and we have ssard ssard when you learn to actually pronounce these letters correctly you actually feel that the tongue is filling more of the mouth up seen ssard everyone try that for me seen seen ssard ssard so this can take some a lot of people it takes even years to develop this to actually say these correctly and for a lot of us native speakers we might not be able to completely pronounce it correctly but we can think right now think of the tongue filling up the mouth so like saying an ssard but the tongue is filling up the mouth so everyone just say a basic ssard sss okay now try to think of the tongue filling up the mouth and it will sound like ssard everyone ssard ssard ssard ssard ssard ssard ssard okay so the form of this is it looks pretty similar to the scene the scene actually at least in the alone part we start on the line then we go backwards above the line and down now along the line and we have a little tooth right after that loop that we make and then a tail so it's basic form is that there's a loop there a form going backwards and then a tail loop backwards up above the line a bit and then tail up above the line and remember that this isn't look closely at how I wrote it it isn't completely like a it isn't like a circle it's thinner on the left side and rounder on the right side it's more of a point on the right side and rounder on the more of a point on the left side rounder on the right side now when it's at the beginning of a word we lose the tail just like with the scene machine have that beginning part so we have the loop and the tooth and then and then we go on to the next to the next word we don't really have to have a long line that was just for the scene so once again loop tooth going up and then on to the next to the next letter loop next letter make sure that after the loop you have this little tooth right here some people you might see starting starting a little below the line almost like that but I don't like that I think that's helpful yeah it's a pretty small tail I mean if you make it let's see make it a little taller yeah this looks a little ugly to me fine when it's in the middle of a word we're coming in from a previous letter we go a ways along the line and then make that loop back and then the tail so one more time we're coming in from a previous letter we go along the line a ways make a loop back then retrace that line along the line of the page tail and go on so we end up once again in the middle of a word the loop and a little tooth sorry did I say tail before I might have said tail I meant tooth so it's almost like a little tail wagging up there almost looks like a fish don't you think a fish head and finally if it's at the end of a word instead of just instead of right after when we make that tooth and going on to the next letter tail again along the line so for an example we can say we can just write the letter write the name of this letter which is that's what it looks like everyone say thawed thawed so when it begins the word here we see there are two essential parts to this letter there's that loop rounder on the right now we're on the left we have a loop and a tooth even though it's still kind of small there's still a little tooth that goes up after the loop and then we go on to the other thawed thawed and then all these words I just kind of make up by the way just as an example anyway he's everyone's asking me he's he's yeah it can be tricky putting a yeah and then a thought he's but yeah you get the idea so finally and this is the the last material we'll get to we don't have to go over any extra symbols or anything today is the this one is the thawed everyone say for me thawed thawed thawed thawed so we've already learnt we've learnt dal which is lowercase d so this one is thawed which is uppercase b now we said that just like how we have lowercase s and uppercase s this is kind of similar in that we have the d and then we have a more emphatic bo but the sound that actually is making I mean it's helpful to begin with to think of it just like with the scene with the dal everyone say da da da da the let's see here we go here's the top of the mouth here I can straighten there we go top of the mouth so here are the teeth right here are the teeth and then tongue is in here what's happening for da is there it's touching the back of the front teeth on the top back of the front top teeth but then for the baud one way of thinking it about it is to say the da but then the tongue once again fills it goes higher up in the mouth it fills the mouth more so da da bo bo sound it's not all bo sound it's more like a d sound if we're going to approximate with any letter in in English it's more like a d sound but when the when many arab linguists talk about this letter they talk about it being a combination across between the da the dal and the l the lamb everyone say l l l and then ad ad l ad l so some of linguists would say that when you combine these two that's the sound what this makes lm lm lm everyone try that for me lm lm a lot of theoretical stuff I mean that's where once again this is one of the trickiest sounds in the Arabic language and I don't claim to completely pronounce it correctly I mean I've been told by native arabic speakers that I pronounce it quite well but but still even Arabic speakers today if they were to talk to the Arabic speakers in the time of the prophet peace be upon him they'd probably be told they don't pronounce it quite correctly too because there's been a lot of influence from native languages and Arabic is also known as the language of bad because many of the Arab said that this symbol this letter the sound was unique to Arabic and that you could tell a non-native Arabic speaker because they can't pronounce the sound so traditionally actually it this the linguists also speak about this sound being pronounced from one side of the mouth usually from the left side it's like almost you now this is I mean you don't have to remember all of this I'm just kind of giving you this because I find it interesting too but that some people put the traditionally originally there would be people who would put their tongue to the left like and go and that's an approximation once again it was a very tricky sound to say I've been with Ted Weed teachers who are very insistent they go like and then say it God anyway the linguists talk about it being said from the left side which is the best way to pronounce it or with the tongue from the right side or with the tongue touching both sides of the mouth but anyway basically for now let's bring us down a bit bring us down from that theoretical world and the world of correct pronunciation all those things, linguistics it's like a D only when alif is around it alif of fatha it becomes and this is the sound that we have at the end of surat al-fatha everyone if we were to say that means almost the opposite abal-een are the ones who have strayed the ones who have gone astray themselves adal-een is someone who guides or it's a guiding thing so really complete opposite meaning guiding versus going astray guiding is da-lean going astray and then you can see some people say va-lean you might hear that has anyone ever heard that va-lean that actually means it means people it means remaining it means remaining or staying so that's a different meaning as well va-lean some people even say it I don't know there are many different ways many different mistakes that people make when making this word but once again va-lean good so trickiest thing is to pronounce that correctly the form of it is just like the sad but with a dot on that loop so the bad has a dot just one dot so that's it for new material today does anyone have any questions on any of these things today okay okay I was hoping to get away with that yeah fine alhamdulillah for this one everyone say for me va-jeej va-jeej va-jeej now you'll see I just did this kind of without thinking I wrote it out and you'll notice that the way that since I've been writing for several years the way that I did it was stacking the blood on top of the gene I could if I were writing to teaching elementary school children then I might be writing it like that with everything on the line just all perfectly like that but since the blood can connect to the gene then things that can connect to gene can get stacked on top of them yeah typically you anticipate yeah you would start everything higher rather than starting something on the line then putting the rest below the line yeah the crazy thing happens when you have lots of different things stacked on top of each other I mean that's like say for example if we just made up the word long word va-jeej we could have ba stacked on top of ha jah jah there we go yeah and here's our line see so we started the ba way above the line because we stacked that on top of a ha and that on top of a gene and then that on top of another gene which is possible but for now let's not look at that let's pronounce va-jeej va-jeej right and one more example with it being in the in the end this one anyone say this for me good close ab-yum ab-yum means white ab-yum right yes first of all what's on top of the yet is it a kasra it's on top of the yet rather than below the yet so what is this right here right and what do we call that good so you're asking about the fatha right because it's being I mean the best way to pronounce it would be ab-yum ab-yum but the laud is kind of affecting is affecting it because we're anticipating saying the laud so you hear it, you hear it almost as like ab-yum almost as like ya-yum but that's because we're going into the laud so it's being affected that way ab-yum yes whatever you're comfortable with the important thing for me is that you recognize that it's being stacked, you can decipher it when you see scene and sheen written as a line you can decipher it, you know what's going on there it might be best right now to go ahead and write the teeth out for the scene and sheen typically beginning students are more comfortable with that just like not thinking about doing the stacking, just putting everything on the line for now, that's fine but then if you do want to go ahead and just do stacking and do scene and sheen it's a line right away, that's completely acceptable too okay so now we'll have a bit of practice, review, reinforcement insha'Allah with Riyadh so if we could I guess I'll do that, do the conclusion subhanakallahu wab i hamdik ashadu allah ilahe illa Allah insha'Allah as-salamu alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh as-salamu alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh as-salamu alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh as-salamu alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh as-salamu alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh as-salamu alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh as-salamu alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh as-salamu alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh as-salamu alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh as-salamu alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh as-salamu alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh All praise is due to Allah, God, the Lord of the Worlds, and peace and prayers upon His Prophet and slave, Muhammad, his companions and his family. Once again, starting with the intention of Imam al-Haddad on the syllabus. Bismillahir Rahmanir Raheem. All praise is due to Allah, God, the Lord of the Worlds, and peace and blessings upon His Prophet and slave, Muhammad, his companions and his family. All praise is due to Allah, God, the Lord of the Worlds, and peace and blessings upon His Prophet and slave, Muhammad, his companions and his family. All praise is due to Allah, God, the Lord of the Worlds, and peace and blessings upon His Prophet and slave, Muhammad, his companions and his family. O opener, O all-knowing one, grant us an opening soon in the name of Allah, the All-Merciful, the Compassionate. Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and blessings and peace upon our master, Muhammad, his family and his companions. I intend to study and teach, to remember and remind, to profit and bring profit, to benefit and bring benefit, to encourage holding fast to the Book of Allah and the way of His Messenger, to call to guidance, to direct towards good, and to aim for the countenance of Allah and His pleasure, His nearness and His reward, exalted be He. So up till now, we've gone through. Let's go to the alphabet together, once or twice. Good. Now all of us together. So that's how many letters? How many letters? Anyone counting? I'll give you a minute. 15. Good. 15. How many letters are in the Arabic alphabet? 28. Good. So 15 of 28, which means we're more than halfway done. See? So we've gone through. I mean we've been going relatively fast. But insha'Allah we'll get done in the next few weeks with the main things in the alphabet. And then use the rest of the time according to the syllabus. Four sessions we have for going through and really applying that. Then looking at some Quran, looking at some Arabic resources that we can actually think about getting into some things. And doing well in this language, insha'Allah. So, put a few words up on the board here. I wanted to go over a few points. So first of all, the first one up here on the right, we talked about, I talked about this word with most of you here. Let's go over it quickly again. So the first letter is, what? Laad, right? Saad, saad. Siin, shin, saad, laad. In the order of the alphabet, the order of the alphabet is, it's a well-designed thing because it goes from letters that don't have dots to letters that do have dots in the order. And it goes from letters with fewer dots to letters with more dots. Or, actually a better way to put it, letters with dots under the line, then no dots, then above the line. So for example, we have ba, ta, ta. Right, we have with ba, there's a dot under the line, ta, two dots over the line, ta, three dots over the line. Similarly, jim under the line, ha, no dots, qa, one dot over the line. So when we say, siin, shin, saad, baad, we know that saad doesn't have a dot, and then after it comes, baad, which does have a dot. Baad has a dot, right? So this one is what? Good, baad, baad. So three letters in this word. We have baad, ben, and elif, then ra. And what's on the ra? A shadda, right? Which means the ra is doubled, right? So it's not just, if it were this, it would be just baar, right? Baar, everyone say for me, baar. Baar. But there's a shadda on it. So it's baar, right? Everyone after me, baar. Baar. Baar. Right. So ra, here's a bit tricky since it is doubled, but we want the, I mean, correct, correct, the most proper form of chronic pronunciation. We don't, we don't, we don't roll the R. We don't go rrr, right? It's just baar, right? Anyway. And then the second one, everyone after me. Basir. Basir. Right. Any questions on that? Specifically. Okay. Now this one, four letters here, what are they? Right. This is a scene. Notice how I'm doing it in a way that's typically written, handwritten, not with the, all the teeth there. The scene then what? Alif. And then baar. And what's on the baar? Kasra. And then saad. Right. So, when we think about this alif, we know that if we were to write it out, we would, if we were to write it out in English transcription, it would be two A's to show that it's a long vowel, right? It's doubly long. Double the length of a short vowel. Which is just ah. But we know that alif has two different sounds. It can sound, normally it sounds like what? If alif is just in its normal position. Ah, ah. But after emphatic consonants, it sounds how? Sounds like rrr, rrr. So, what are the emphatic consonants that we've gone over so far? You want to tell me? Okay, everyone raise your hand when you hear an emphatic consonant. I'm going to go through the alphabet. So raise your hand when you hear an emphatic consonant, okay? Alif. Baar. Taar. Faar. Jeem. Haar. Haar. Good. Haar. Right. It's not haar. Haar. Daal. Waal. Ra. Good. Zay. Seen. Sheen. Saad. Good. Baad. Okay, right. So far we've, of the emphatic consonants we've had. Qaa. Ra. Saad. And Baad. This alif, does it come after an emphatic consonant? Or no? No, it doesn't. Seen is not emphatic. So often, often what happens is that, I mean, some native speakers will also, this also happens when they're pronouncing words, that if there's one emphatic consonant, what's the emphatic consonant in this word? Saad. Right, we have a saad here. Oftentimes when we're pronouncing words and we're pronouncing them quickly, if there's one emphatic consonant, what's the emphatic consonant in this word? Saad. And when we're pronouncing words and we're pronouncing them quickly, if there's one emphatic consonant in the word, we let it affect everything else. But with the best pronunciation, with the most proper, uh, chronic pronunciation, only when a vowel comes after an emphatic consonant, does that mean that it gets changed in any way? So the best way to pronounce this one, the fatha is on the ba'a, which is non-emphatic. So ba'a slir, ba'a slir, everyone say ba'a slir, ba'a slir. This is kind of tricky. I mean, the saad does often kind of affect it that way. When we say it quickly, we often say ba'a slir, ba'a slir. So that fatha here is almost like an ah, ah, because it's being affected by the saad. But the best way to pronounce it, ba'a slir, ba'a slir, ba'a slir. It's kind of tricky. It's kind of tricky. Anyway, but this one clearly is, this one's a lot, a lot more clear, because it comes after the scene. So it's not sa-bis, but right, sa-bis, sa-bis. So if we were to write this out in English transliteration, we'd see that we have what in English are basically two different asses, one at the beginning, one at the end. So the first one is sss, second one sss, it's kind of tricky to hear for now, but we still need to pay attention to that. This one is a stronger sound than the one at the beginning. So sa, everyone listen, sa-bis, sa-bis, sa-bis. If we were to put a fatha on here, it would be sa-bis-sah, sa-bis-sah, sa-bis-sah, everyone say for me, sa-bis-sah, sa-bis-sah, sa-bis-sah, sa-bis-sah, sa-bis-sah, okay, good. Any questions on that? Okay, now one final point, I'll go over this word here, dubbi, dubbi, dubbi, made up word, but alhamdulillah. Okay, first we have a daal, and then, and then what? Abomah, right, and then what? Ba, right, it's not going to be two bars together, but the ba is doubled, so it's going to be, we have a shadda on the ba, right, and then what's the final thing that we have? Kasra, right, now where are we going to put the kasra, and you want to remember this? Underneath the shadda, right, so it actually goes on top of the letter, above the letter itself, but under the shadda, normally the kasra would be completely under the letter, but when we have a shadda, it goes under the shadda, right, everyone say for me, dubbi, dubbi, right, I mean it's not really made up letter, dubbi is ba in Arabic, so dubbi, I mean, yeah, I won't go into details of the last consonant there, but the last short vowel there, but anyway, everyone see that important note to make just about shadda, when we have a kasra with shadda, the kasra goes under the shadda, but it's above the letter itself, okay, and there's some good stuff, some exciting sounds, exciting letters this week, even though it's exciting every week, actually I should be saying that, okay, so two sets of letters today, two sets of letters, and one extra kind of symbol to go over, so first, last week we went over the sod and the dod, right, which is the sod is like pretty much the emphatic equivalent of the scene, right, sod versus scene, now what we have is two letters that are the emphatic equivalents of two letters we've already seen, first we have the pa, everyone say for me pa, pa, so pa is pretty much to have what sod is to scene, right, it's a capital T, that's in my system of writing, though you might see a T with a dot under it or something like that, right, emphatic T, so it's like a tat, like a t-t-t, like we have in English, like a T, but the mouth, the tongue kind of fills up as much space as it can inside the mouth, once again, t-t-t-t, this is the top of the mouth, the teeth are right here, the, here's the tongue, so normally when we say tat, this is the tongue, tat, tat, but for the ta, tongue is filling up more of the area inside the mouth, so everyone say, everyone say tat, tat, tat, tat, tat, now pa, pa, pa, pa, now the way I'm seeing it, I'm kind of feeling the sides of my tongue and all in my tongue it's filling up more of the space up there, pa, pa, pa, most important thing is that when Elif comes after this it's a not a, right, so that's the sound, the way to write it is it almost looks like a sod or a lard, only it doesn't have a, it doesn't have the tail and it has something extra as well, there we go, alone, beginning of word, end of word, okay, the part is just like we started with the, with the sod or the dod, we make that similar kind of loop back that's narrower on the left and a rounder more curved on the right, we make that but we stop there, we make the curve and go a little bit past the curve on the line, you see there's this section right here, it's a little bit past the curve and then right after that curve, you have a vertical, right a vertical line going down, I'll do it one more time, out, a little bit past where we started then line down, looks like a what, like a B almost, yeah, important things to realize a B we would write like this, first of all there needs to be this area extending more out here and the circle of it needs to be narrower on the left and more curved on the right, yeah, you have a question? Yeah, yeah, good question, good question, when we put the vertical line on, we still, we put the vertical line right after the loop so that we still see this part that's, I'm pointing through with this arrow, we still see this part that extends a bit beyond the loop, good question, okay, so when it's, when it's at the beginning of a word, this letter does connect all the letters today, they do connect to what comes after them, so we make that loop and then we go on to the next letter and then when we're done writing that whole word then we come in and fill in, we put that line down, we'll go on to the next letter and then come back to put that line down, when it's in the middle of a word, we're coming in from a previous letter and just like the sod and the dot, we kind of backtrack, we go back with that loop and then down along and keep going and then when we're done with the whole word, we put that line in, now that's kind of ugly right there, I'll do it again, okay, so we're coming in from a previous letter and go back with the loop, there we go, that's better, then along the line again and keep going to the next letter and then eventually put that line down and then finally when it's at the end, pretty simple, all the forms look similar, we're coming in from a previous letter, make that line back, trace back along through that line, leave a bit there just like we did when it's alone, the bit past the loop and then vertical line down right after the loop, coming in from previous letter, a little back and then keep going, leave a little bit past the loop and then down right after the loop, so I'll come around and take a look at it. Okay, so an example or two, attention to how I write this by the way, see I'm writing out the skeleton of the word, now I put in the dots, including the dots is that vertical line down and then I'm gonna put in the vowel marks, okay, so this means doctor in Arabic, doctor, anyone want to try to say this? Good, everyone, paulbeeb, paulbeeb, paulbeeb, right, paulbeeb, right, okay since we have, we kind of have a limited time that's, I'll just give that example and we'll try to get through the next letter, so next, similarly, similar to the paul, we have a letter that is like the emphatic version of the vowel, hence it's called the va, I put it in capital to note that it's emphatic and the line under it, that's all one symbol, the DH, so everyone after me, va, va, okay, so say that, that, that, that, that, now try to say that sound but think of the tongue filling up more of the mouth inside, va, va, al-va, al-va, right, so as I'm saying that, I'm really feeling the tongue inside the al-pa, everyone after me, al-pa, al-pa, al-va, al-va, okay, now this is just a part with a dot on the top, a dot above the loop, so you have that loop here, that's a line down to the dot under it, on it, sorry, well that's ugly, the same thing all the way through, okay so now at the bottom, excuse me, at the bottom I'm putting an example which is, this is a city in the Arab world right here, this is the name of a city in the Arab world, so you can tell me what this is, good, everyone after me, abu-labi, abu-labi, often in English I mean we call it, the pronunciation varies in English, sometimes we call it abu-labi, often we hear abu-labi, but even the people who live there, because of the influence of the colloquial Arabic, they might pronounce it a little differently, but the most accurate, the most eloquent pronunciation is abu-labi, abu-labi right, literally means father of the gazelle, father of the gazelle, I like that word gazelle, wabi, wabi anyway, okay so any questions about this, you're confused then, right and then right, there's a kasra underneath the berth and then a yeah, just like how there's a ablama on the berth and then a wow, that's to show that it's an u sound, it's an e sound that comes after it, and it doesn't mean, it doesn't mean that when I write it out this is going to be, okay well we have a ablama after the berth and then a wow, no it's not a triple, triple u, it's just a double u, not a w but a double u, it's just what? right, right exactly, exactly, identifying that it's a vowel as well, and showing that this is all the same sound that comes after it, right, if I mean essentially if we didn't put the damat or the kasra there then it could be abel or wabi, in which case the yeah and the wow would both be consonants, and a ye, right with succulents over them, good point, all right any questions on the vo? Everyone once again, pa, pa, va, va, right notice that there's a difference, actually even for native arabic speakers, often one of the trickiest things in tej read is distinguishing between the la and the va, sometimes native arabic speakers pronounce these similarly, either both of them like va or sometimes both of them like va or both of them like va, whereas this is va and this is va, right, vaad, vaad, closer to an english d than anything else, right, hence end of the fatiha if we say we'll have va lean it means and not the ones remaining, which is kind of yeah completely changes the meaning, right, similarly, right, did anyone, did anyone take a look at surah at the fatiha, by the way, see the daad, yeah, yeah, good good, return back to the certain things, especially things that were, that we should be reciting over and over again, or yeah things that we should know, because then these will start opening up, you start realizing things, like I said at the beginning of the course, make sure that there's some kind of arabic text, preferably a surah of more than 10, 10 verses long, that you return to regularly, so that you can see, oh wow, yeah, we went over this letter the other day, oh, I'm seeing all these different things, I'm noticing all these things and I can actually start reading the arabic now, right, okay, so moving on, the next two very interesting letters, very kind of tricky letters, but hamda let just takes time if we're not used to the sounds, just a bit of time, um, now this, the next letter is, um, it's not really similar to much we have in English, and so it's usually, um, transliterated as either this kind of symbol, but that's kind of hard to find on the keyboard, so I, if we're going to do it like a backward apostrophe, this way, and its name is, it's the consonant and then ayin, after ayin, basically what this consonant is, is, that's the way I can describe it, is a strangling sound, strangling sound, so if you were to be strangled, I mean literally what's, what's going on is that we talked about how the ha, ha, ha, the ha, ha, jim, ha, ha, the ha happens at the middle of the throat, above the vocal cords, this is the same place, this consonant is happening in the same place, ha and the, the difference between da and ta, that sounds t and d in English, we've talked about this before, just like the difference between, between the and the Arabic letters, the and the, is that for the the, there's vibration going on, on, on in the vocal cords, right here, everyone say that again for me, tha, tha, put your, put your hand on your throat, say tha, and tha, as, as, as, as, right, that's the difference between tha and the, similarly the difference between the ha and the, so say, now this is kind of, now try to add the vocal cords in there, make some vibration in here, it comes out as a strangling sound, strangling sound, if someone would have put their fingers and, and squeeze right here, you'd sound, ah, ah, ah, the sound is an, it's a tricky sound to get used to, but, but it's the, everyone try that, ah, ah, ah, there's pressure going on here, as I'm saying it, first I start with an alif, then I go, ah, I kind of str, strangle the sound right in the middle of the throat here, right, ah, ah, okay, okay, so try that, go ahead, okay, okay, keep working, try that, ah, good, yeah, that's good, yeah, yeah, yeah, alhamdulillah, all right, okay, yeah, keep working, okay, yeah, good, ah, good, yeah, really try to strangle the sound there, yeah, ah, okay, good, good, finally, okay, yeah, that's all right, ah, so the sound, the name of this letter is everyone try to say that for me, right, so since we don't really have this sound in English, it's often kind of lost for a lot of us, but it's important, complete, it can have, can change, change meaning around completely, right, so that's important to work on that sound, always, always think about working on the sound, it's a very common sound in Arabic, indeed the word Arabic or Arab, Arab is Arabi, everyone say Arabi, Arabi, right, so it's a very important sound in Arabic, the form of it, first, just like how a lot of the ways it's transliterated out is with almost like a little C above the, like a superscript C, it starts with almost like a C on the line there, but then it has a tail that goes under the line, kind of a long tail under the line that way, and the C is kind of, it's slanted a bit, see that, my eye is on so pretty, but now when it's at the beginning of a word, we basically just lose that tail, lose the tail, so we have that same kind of C looking thing, and we go on to the next letter, what does this look like by the way, it looks like a hamsa, yeah, looks like a hamsa, actually the form of the hamsa was actually taken from from the eye, originally when the Quran was revealed, there was no symbol for hamsa really, and yet the grammarians came up with it and won one grammar, and I believe it was Al Khalil, Rahimullah, he said, well the hamsa is like, it's almost like an eye, just without that strangling sound, the hamsa happens at the bottom of the throat, the eye is at the middle of the throat, so he took this symbol and made that a hamsa, now when it's in the middle of a word, it gets interesting, everyone look up here, we come in from a previous letter, then we go up, make a point, and then down again, and then keep going, so almost forms like an upside down triangle here, one more time, we're coming in, go up, make a point there, and then go down, now we can make a point on the right side too, all we can make it kind of curve, the important thing is that we have a point on the left side, point there, and then go on like that, forming almost an upside down triangle there, and it's in the middle of a word, and then finally when it's at the end of a word, we have this form only with a tail, so everyone watch, we're coming in from a previous letter, make that point, then go down, and then continue on for a tail there, yeah question, good, good question, is A'een emphatic, no it's not, everyone say again, so the sound, here we go, right, though we say right, often when you hear the sound of the name of the letter, often people say like A'een, A'een, as if it's emphatic, but the most correct way to pronounce the name of the letter is A'een, A'een, A'een, though a lot of native Arabic speakers say A'een, A'een, right, but it's not emphatic, it's not emphatic, right, the tongue, for all the emphatic letters, the tongue is filling up the mouth, and that's what's making an emphatic, that's what's affecting the quality of the vowels around it, and so for the A'een, the tongue is just kind of sitting down, now this is the tongue, so here's the throat, so this is the base of the tongue right here going down into the throat, the tongue is actually, it's going like that, it's moving against the back of the throat, so staying down, staying down, whereas the khaw actually happens at the top of the throat, and in order to do that the tongue kind of needs to go back like that, so it's ending up kind of filling the whole mouth, khaw, hence the khaw is emphatic, now khaw, just like how we had, we talked about difference between ha and a'een, tha and dal, ta and dal, one without the vocal chords, one with the vocal chords, now that's the same, that's the difference now between khaw and our next letter, r'een, usually transliterated as gh, so this one is emphatic and a way to describe the sound, the best way that I've come across is a gargling sound, everyone pretend like you're gargling, right, actually one of the best ways to to practice pronouncing this letter is actually to take some water and start gargling with it and then feel okay, I have to make that sound, right, the sound is everyone try that for me, okay, yeah, it's hard to do with a sore throat too, sometimes it can wear your throat out when you're getting used to pronouncing this, pronouncing this letter, right, but once again, common and an important letter, so end of sorat al-fatiha, we have two of them, that's what's going on, it's a gargling sound there at the top of the throat, everyone say khaw, now you're adding some vibration to it when you say that, right, right, we've already pretty much gone over the way to write this, it's an a'een with a dot on it, there we go, okay, so two examples, one for the a'een, one for the a'een, okay, first of all, this is an Arab man, Arab, Arab, it's close for the word for the language Arabic, but there are a few more things we have to learn before we get to that word, how do we say this, good, Arabic, notice on the notice that yeah has a shadow on it, it's actually, it's a consonant here, okay, now this is an important city in the Arab world, you can tell me what city this is, right here, good, good, right, no, notice that in Arabic too, Iraq begins within a'een, now I'm not going to write that because we haven't learned till the left, it's in that word, but that's how it is, okay, any questions about this, okay, so finally we have one extra symbol to go over, not really a letter, kind of a letter, but not really, it's, its name is, it's name is literally it means, like a, a connected or a bundled up, we've already seen the, we've already seen the tat, first letter in the Arabic alphabet, this, this letter is basically, it's the combination between a, well yeah, it's the combination between a tat and a letter that we haven't seen yet, which we'll get to soon, inshallah, which is the ha, the reason for this is because sometimes it's pronounced like a ta and other times it's pronounced like a ha, ha, when there is a vowel, when we're pronouncing a vowel on it, when we pronounce a vowel on this letter, it's pronounced as a ta, but when there's no vowel that we're pronouncing, it's pronounced like a ha, ha, so it's a combination of two different letters in, in Arabic and therefore it's not really its own letter, it's a symbol, hence I have, I have two lines here, one is the alone line, one is the end of a word line, so this, this symbol only comes at the end of a word, only ever at the end of the word, and it has a special meaning, almost always it means it's a feminine marker, it means that this, this thing that the, the word is describing is, is describing a something, something female, so in Arabic words have to have genders, not just if we're talking about, about people or things with genders, so when, so Arabic is a gendered language, words, words are either masculine or feminine, so feminine words, if we see the ta ma burta, the ta ma burta at the end of a word, it means this word is feminine, almost always, there are some exceptions, but almost always this word is feminine, and it's generally a feminine marker, marker, okay so how does it look, it's a combination between the ha and the ta, basically it's a ha with two dots, so even though we haven't learnt the ha, this is what the ha looks like alone, it's just basically a circle that we start at the top, circle like that, so when there's nothing, when there's nothing, no letter connecting before the ta ma burta, it looks like this, and it has two dots on the top, that's how it looks, like a circle with two dots on the top, and when it's connected to a letter that comes before it, that's when, so we're coming in from a previous letter and we have like, we go up and then make a loop above the line with two dots on it, I'll do that one more time, go up then make a loop and the whole thing is above the line a bit, not really on the line, but above it, that's two dots, that's if there's a letter that's connecting to it before it, yeah, but there will always, I mean there'll always be a letter before this because it happens only at the end of a word, that I'm writing, any time I mean this category is basically, it's also for, it also works for when the letter that comes before it isn't connecting to it and there's nothing after it, so for example if we have alif ghayn, then the ghayn is going to be written like that even though there's a letter before it, or say daal, say daal aayn, we have the aayn written in its alone form because the daal isn't connecting to the aayn, so one more final thing, this letter or this symbol, it always has a fatha before it, every single time we see it it always has a fatha before it, always fatha before it, and so in conclusion, whenever you see this symbol, this ha with two dots on it, it's either if we don't have, if we're not saying a vowel on it after it, it's going to be pronounced as, ah, ah, everyone say for me, ah, ah, if there is a vowel on it, so say we have here, we're putting a damma on here, it becomes at, so attu, right, everyone say attu, attu, attu, okay, so example, here we had this word here, what does this word mean again, anyone remember, doctor, right, pabib, everyone say for me, pabib, now, female doctor would be this, everyone see this, I don't have to write the fatha on the back because I know, every time you see a tamabuta there's always going to be a fatha before it, but I can, this because we're learning, right, so everyone say this for me, pabib, notice it's not just a fatha, but it's an ah, down, we have a little down, right, pabib, right, but if I were to put say a kasra on it, below it, what does this become, good, pabibati, everyone ask for me, pabibati, pabibati, okay, now how do we say, how do we say an Arab woman, we talked about how to say Arab man, how about Arab woman, right, here we go, yeah, so it's too kind of close together, everyone see that, Arab, everyone say after me, now if I put say another fatha after this, now what does it become, anyone, a fatha on top of the tamabuta, fatha, good, Arab, good, sorry, there's a shadow here, Arab, good, good, so any questions about this, so unfortunately I wasn't able to finish the homework and print it off, but tonight I'll be sending that out probably tomorrow, at some point tomorrow, inshallah, and then of course you have two weeks to do it now, because the next class will be two weeks from today, inshallah, we have, we're taking two Sundays off as kind of a spring break, and so the next class as printed on the on the syllabus will be the 4th of April, inshallah, so Wednesday the 4th of April, I'll see you next, inshallah, so for those who prefer to take the homework sheet from me from class in a physical copy, is there anyone who would need that, who wouldn't be able to print it out during this time, in which case I'll bring it here in the next day or two and leave it somewhere at lighthouse, is there anyone who needs me to print it off and leave it here, okay, okay in that case it'll be emailed out, inshallah, okay so just to to conclude just another two minutes, inshallah, it's okay, okay, yes question, sorry, good question, can you erase the board when you're done, good question, good question, right, yeah remember I'm thinking about adab, right, we don't want to let the, let the ustad as much as possible, we don't want to let the ustad erase his own board or her on board, right, good, but also to conclude, we'll want a quick note, alhamdulillah we're all continuing, we, I did want to want to read a full hadith, we don't really have time for that though because we want to pray Isha and then get going, but I'll just give you the the gist of it, the one who reads the Quran with difficulty gets a double reward, so even if we think that we are, even if we think that we're taking more time or we're never going to get there, we're just wasting our time because there's so much to think about in terms of Arabic, we know that if we're struggling with the Quran, our reward is actually greater, so even though other people might be able to get through the Quran faster, read Arabic faster, the very fact that you're trying and struggling, Allah sees that and rewards that accordingly, rewards according to the struggle, as we've said before in a previous class, those who strive in us, as in Allah speaking here, those who strive in us, we will guide to our paths, so as long as we're keeping up these things and even though it might seem hard, a lot of material, as long as we're keeping it up, Allah will take care of the rest of the way, inshaAllah. It's that in the name of God, the all merciful, the most merciful, all praise is due to God, he is the owner of praise, and we send peace and praise upon his Prophet, his family and all his companions, and everyone who follows him until the last day. So as usual, we'll start with the intention from Imam al-Haddad. He is the Lord of the worlds, and he prays for our master Muhammad and his family, and his companions, and peace be upon him. In the name of Allah, the most merciful, the most merciful, the most merciful. wa sunnahi rasurihi, wa du'a'a ilad huda, wa dalalata alal khayri, wa abtg'a'a wajhillahi, wa marbaatihi, wa kurbihi, wa thawabihi, subhanahu, wa ta'ala O opener, O all-knowing one, grant us an opening soon. In the name of Allah, the All-Merciful, the Compassionate, praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and blessings and peace upon our Master Muhammad, his family and his companions. And tend to study and teach, to remember and remind, to profit and bring profit, to benefit and bring benefit, to encourage holding fast to the Book of Allah and the way of his Messenger, to call to guidance, to direct towards good, and to aim for the countenance of Allah and his pleasure, his nearness and his reward, exalted be he. Alhamdulillah. Alhamdulillah. So, we'll take a look at these words that put up here to begin with. So, first of all, this first one we have in black. Four letters. Four letters here. The first letter, what's that first letter? Right, this right here is a scene. Remember that when we see it printed out, we'll see it printed with the three teeth, like that. But often, usually when it's written, it's written like this, just a line. If it's beginning the word, then we have a little hook that comes from under the line and then goes on along the line. Also, I just wanted to correct something I said previously. When we were going over the scene, I talked about how you want to have this distance after the teeth to be about twice the length of the teeth. It's not necessarily so. You could have a relatively short scene and have that be it as long as you have those three teeth. So make sure if you're writing it out without the teeth, then give it some length there. So we have first a scene. An S sound, right? Oh, that's horrible too. Oh, this doesn't even have a nib. Oh, here we go. There we go. That's all right. To have a scene, then what? Add if, then, oh, I'm writing really ugly today, sorry. And then a line, yeah. Kind of almost looks like a yeah itself, but we see there's this dot here and we don't get the loop going back so much. There's this C formation above the line. Right, so we know it's a line. And then what? And then yeah. So we've been writing that out as double I. So everybody say that to me. For the last time that we met, we went over two kind of tricky sounds. The first one was the A'een. Remember that was what, how did we say that's pronounced? The A'een, what was the way that I described that sound that might help you? Choking, right, or strangling, right. Not really choking, you don't make a bunch of a sound when you're choking. Right, it's strangling. Right, everyone go, that's the A'een. That's the A'een, right. Everyone try that for me. Okay, good. So this one, say after me. Bari'a, b'r'a, ya'een. Bari'a. Right, with the strangling sound at the end. And then the second sound we went over was the g'a'een. One interesting note about the g'a'een. Well first of all, if the a'een is the strangling sound, what is the g'a'een? What do we talk about? Gargling. Good, gargling, right. Right, Bismillah. That's the sound. As you're learning to pronounce this sound, it can be helpful. Just taking some water and trying to gargle with it that way. One other way to get to pronounce this sound correctly is to know the difference between the g'a'een and the g'a'een. Say if I were to write this word out again but with a g'a'een this time. The difference between the g'a'een and the g'a'een is that the g'a'een, when we pronounce the g'a'een, we're not using our vocal chords right here, but with the g'a'een we are. That's a technical way of thinking about it. Just like how when we say T, we're not using our vocal chords, but when we say D, we are. Everyone go T, T, T. Put your hand here. T, T, T. D, D, D. Easier to feel with the that. That, F. Everyone say F. F versus the that. M, M. There's vibration going here. For the that, there isn't for the that. When we say this, there's vibration right here. This, when it's not there for thief. Same thing here. There's vibration for the g'a'een and there's not for the g'a'een right here. What that can mean practically is that it's often helpful if we think of almost, if we think of singing our way through this word. So we have Tzahri, Tzahri. If I'm going to sing through it, you're going to hear the same sound. You're going to hear the same tone. Let's say I pick a tone like M. You're going to hear that same M sound, continued through the g'a'een, but not through the g'a'een. That's a way to test yourself to see if you're pronouncing it correctly. I'll do it first and then we'll practice, inshallah. So, listen to this. This first one with the g'a'een, you'll hear that the M sound, it goes away on the g'a'een, and then comes back for the y'a'een. Tzahri. Tzahri. Just listen for now and then we'll practice. So that's that. Tzahri. You hear it, it goes away for the g'a'een. Now listen to this with the line. Tzahri. Tzahri. Tzahri. You hear that? You hear that extended through the line? Do you hear that? Tzahri. Okay. I'll give you one more comparison and then we'll practice. First one. Tzahri. Second one. Tzahri. Okay. Now let's all try. Tzahri. Tzahri. That sound goes away. The tone goes away. Now for the line. Tzahri. Tzahri. So the test of if you're pronouncing the line correctly is if that tone, that sound, the singing continues through. Okay. So that being said, I'll go through these very quickly and then we'll pray maghrib, insha'Allah, and then we'll start with the new material. First of all, we run over this one. Everyone say after me. Badiyee. Badiyee. Now this one. Habibatu. Habibatu. Habibatu. Right. Now, if I didn't put this dhamma here, if we weren't pronouncing the dhamma on that, how would we say it? How is it? Badiyee. Right. Right. Why? Right. Right. This is tab marbutah. Right? Tab marbutah. So if there's a vowel on it, remember I said it's a combination between a tab and a hat. If there's no vowel on it, we pronounce it as an H, like a hat. Badiyee. If we're not putting a vowel on it. Badiyee. If we are putting a vowel after it, becomes a tabibatu. A tabibatu. If we put a dhamma there. Right. And now, just so, so you can see this Arab woman. This is also on the homwa. I believe. Arabiya. Arabiya. Actually it would be better transliterated with that H sound at the end because there is the tab marbutah. There as well. Arabiya. Everyone say this for me. Arabiya. Arabiya. Arabiya. Arabiya. Arabiya. Right. If we put a dhamma on there, let's put a fatha. Ah, a kasra on there this time. Arabiyeti. Arabiyeti. And then this one below it. Instead of putting a double A here, I put an A with a make run over it. An A with a line above it. But, same difference. Right here. Everyone say it for me. Iratidad. Iratidad. Iratidad. Okay. No, we don't have time to go through all of these. Maybe if you're confused about these, then maybe ask me questions afterwards. But, we'll frame all of them now inshaAllah and then continue on with the new material. Bismillah. So, four letters to go over today. The one is one of them. The sound that's not quite in English. But it's not as hard. Certainly not as hard as A'een and A'een for most English speakers. So, should be a good class today. And then also, we're nearing the end more or less. We've already passed the halfway mark, of course. And, we have these four letters today. And we have three letters on Sunday. This Sunday, inshaAllah. Once we get done with those three letters, that's the whole Arabic alphabet. SubhanAllah. So, from that point on. And of course, we have some symbols and other things that you need to know in order to be able to read Arabic to open up the Quran and read it correctly, fully. And so, we have two or three weeks of that. And then some practice, going over soras and stuff like that, really applying our knowledge. Alhamdulillah. Do you feel good to be at this point? Yeah? Alhamdulillah. Do you like your learning something? Alhamdulillah. Before we start, I wanted to just talk briefly about something that should give us a bit of momentum as well. Many of the scholars talk about how important the Quran is for the Muslim and especially how important recitation of the Quran is and correct recitation, correct pronunciation. We want to think, when we're learning about the Arabic alphabet, we're learning about how to pronounce the Quran as well. And pronouncing the Arabic letters is the main part of tajweed, of pronunciation of the Quran. If you have the pronunciation of the letters down, that's pretty much tajweed. As Sayyidina Ali, said it's related, he was asked what recitation meant. Actually, that's kind of a side issue. Anyway, the tajweed, the main part of tajweed and the trickiest part of tajweed is pronouncing the letters correctly. And so if we have this down, there are just a few other rules to know about what happens when some letters are combined or when something comes after another thing or just a few minor, minor details of tajweed to get past here. Once we have this down, then that's the main thing that we need to know in order to pronounce the book of Allah correctly. Now, many of the scholars talk about how being able to recite the Quran with tajweed and most fundamentally what that means is pronouncing the Quran correctly and reading it correctly. Many scholars have said this is a fad'ain upon a Muslim, is an individual obligation upon a Muslim, i.e. if you leave this world and this hasn't been done, you're essentially accountable for that. One of the scholars, a scholar of recitation of the Quran who wrote a famous poem about tajweed, Ibn Al-Jazri, he says in his poem He says in his poem So, taking up tajweed is a definite unquestionable obligation. Whether it does not pronounce the Quran correctly is sinful because why? Because this with tajweed and with pronouncing it in this way this is how Allah brought it down. And it is in this way that it came to us from Him. And so when we're in these classes, when we're learning Arabic and we're trying to pronounce Arabic correctly and reading it correctly, we're fulfilling an individual obligation. So one way to think about individual obligations is that we can think of it as a series of lists of stuff that we have to do. In this world, we can look at it from that perspective of like, okay, well Allah has said that we need to be praying five times a day and we need to give the cat if we're eligible for it every year and we have to make sure to do the Hajj at one point in our lifetime if possible. And now we're learning that we have to learn Arabic correctly. That's one perspective to think of it as a list of like, ah, gotta take care of this, gotta take care of that, gotta take care of that. Another way to think of it is through what we have from a hadith about Prophet Aleyhi Salatu Wasalam that the way that he tells us that the best way to get close to Allah is to do the things that he has made obligatory upon us and then after that to do the things that he has recommended for us. And so in a sense many of us reach points throughout our day, throughout our lives when we think I want to be close to Allah. I want Allah in my life. I want to feel what I'm doing. I want to really feel Islam and live it out right. And when we feel like that one of the best things that we can do is figure out how to perfect the things that have been made obligatory upon us. And this is one thing that many of these scholars agree is an obligation for us to learn Arabic. And so anytime during this course or even after this course when you're reviewing some of this material or trying to do well if there's any point you reach when you're thinking I just I want to be close to Allah. I want Allah in my life. I want to live Islam and live the Qur'an and what Allah teaches me to do in this world. One of the best ways to live that out is to get out your Arabic materials and make sure you've got that down. Just think about that when we're learning it that there's something powerful going on here. There's something powerful going on here. If only we knew. If only we could see it and feel it. I'm talking myself as much as I'm talking to you as well. It's truly an honor to help everyone on this path to Alhamdulillah. So that being said now the new material. First, two letters that look somewhat similar just distinguished a bit by dots. First one, a word we have in English or a sound letter that we have in English. It is the fat Everyone say for me. fat fat Okay. Right. So the sound is just like the English F. F happens upon the contact of the lower lip with the top teeth. fat fat So the way that this is written first when it's alone we start with the pen on the line and then we go we make a loop backwards above the line a circle backwards above the line then we go down along the line again and a slight hook up above the line and it has above that circle a dot. That's our fat right there. One more time make a circle backwards along the line above the line now go along the line a bit a hook coming up and then a dot on there and that's the fat Now when it's at the beginning of a word the best way to write it the way you usually see it is with this circle first of all it doesn't have the tail and the hook and second of all the circle is starts slightly above the line so we write it starting slightly above the line we make a circle backwards like that and then go down to the line and then on the next letter so it connects to what comes after it once more if everyone looks everyone looks starting above the line making that circle and then going down to the line and then onwards to the next letter You may see that circle when fat is beginning you may see it on the line but it's more typical at least in my experience just to see it above the line simply above the line when it's in the middle of a word that's interesting it's almost just like a loop we're coming in from a previous letter in from previous letter and we make a loop back around all above the line and then we go on to the next letter and then when we're done writing that word we put a dot on that loop once again starting on the line then a loop or a circle backwards and then going back along the line make sure that this circle this loop ends up above the rest of the of the line of the page and of the line of your writing as well because if it's kind of in the middle of it like this it starts looking like another letter that we're going to come to so it's above the line and then finally when it ends the word it's like we're coming into what it looks like in the alone position when it ends we're coming into the letter make that loop continue along the line a bit and then have a hook all above the line like so I'll come around and take a look now one who here has seen Aladdin the cartoon Aladdin you haven't seen Aladdin? ah you haven't seen it sorry? that's good as much as yeah I have to say I don't completely disagree with that I respect your father for that but for those of us especially my case before Islam I mean not that Islam says anything against just watching movies but you know there are considerations to things especially the whole movie industry and everything but anyway for those who've seen Aladdin who's the main bad guy in Aladdin Jafar that's a name of one of the Sahaba how do we write that name? right here anyone say this for me? yeah that's me Jaafar Jaafar yeah this is it first we have a gene with a fatha on it and then an A'een that's what this is right here an A'een and then what's this one? fat and then raw so after me Jaafar Jaafar Jaafar right or as Disney would say Jaafar right Alhamdulillah and then what does the Quran say we're not supposed to tell we're not supposed to say to our parents? what do we not say to our parents? you know wala taqula humaa uff don't say uff to them right here everyone's saying uff uff right don't say that to your parents that's explicitly in the Quran Alhamdulillah Jaafar and uff right yes if we were to transliterate this out Jaafar sorry I capitalized it because it's a name there aren't different J's in Arabic it's just a one but typically yeah if we're just going off transliteration lowercase to Jaafar right whenever there's an A'een yeah you do the A'een sound it's not really a pause the strangling sound is happening there so it takes some time for that to happen Jaafar a lot of the times you have to develop the ear to hear the A'een as well because often when we're starting out we don't hear the A'een then you'll start picking it up it's not just that we have to be able to distinguish between the hamsa the qawas will stop and the A'een right so we're just starting with the hamsa in the middle of the word ba'u ba'u everyone say for me ba'u ba'u with an A'een ba'u ba'u right with many of these words it takes some time to develop the ear to pick up on that to work on the ear so that you start hearing where the A'een is so it's not that there's really a pause the A'een is happening there one more time everyone say for me ja'far okay may Allah be pleased with him may Allah be pleased with him so now on to this next letter is similar, well first of all the sound so when we transliterate it out we transliterate it as a cue in English typically when we see a cue typically it's no different from a k, it's a q sound we're going to get to Arabic also has almost a q sound we're going to get to that today insha'Allah but this sound is not just that everyone say a k sound for me k k k think about what's happening in your mouth to try to feel what's happening in your mouth today k, k k everyone say for me k do it consciously try to feel what's happening k ak everyone say for me ak ak so what's happening is that if these are the teeth right here these are the teeth and this is the top of the mouth what's happening is that okay here we go here's the tongue and so for example when we say t, t the tongue is hitting the teeth right there t, t, t for the k the tongue is hitting right there it's almost in the middle of the mouth yeah it's pretty much in the middle of the mouth k, k, k now this one is the q, q q, q it's similar to a k sound but what's happening is that you're bringing the tongue farther back and it's hitting farther back if anyone watched cartoons growing up that often when a cartoon character screams it goes ah and it shows it shows that there's this like if you look at their mouth it shows there's this little thing that waggles what I'm talking about okay, okay right so if this is their mouth then often we see in and there's this thing that's dropping down at the back of the mouth that's waggling when a cartoon character screams screams what that is is that's a flap of skin at the back of the throat called the uvula right at the back of the throat farthest back you can go and so the o when the tongue hits back there so one way it's kind of a tricky letter because we don't have it in English but the best way to think about it if you're thinking in terms of letters that we do know is to take the k and bring the tongue farther back so that k becomes q, q, q everyone try to say that to me q, q, q q, q, q, q q, q ok ok now try that for me q, q ok one at a time q, q q, q ok good q, q good, q, q q, q ok right good so what's one thing now that we notice about this if we think about how we hear the alif when we say q, q what's one thing that we can imply from that when we say the name of the letter q what do we know about that letter a quality of that letter it's emphatic, good it's not q, q, q, q, no q, q so that when fatha and alif come around it but specifically after it a instead of a just like that's the sound, that's the q in terms of how to write it it looks quite similar to the fat but not quite, not exactly the same thing so first of all when it's in the alone position we start once again we start on the line and make that loop backwards on the line but now instead of going along the line along the line we go under the line and then end with a hook that reaches just above the line and then it has two dots one more time make a circle above the line now go under the line and then end above it or a line to combine the two dots now when it's at the beginning or the middle of a word it looks it's basically just a fat with different dots so we start above the line again make that loop back and then go along the line and then we have two dots there or a line above it similarly when it's in the middle we have that loop going backwards on the line and above the line of the writing like a nose and two eyes with a mustache I like that now when it's at the end of a word once again it's going to look similar to the fat but we have the loop the the hook or the tail going under the line again so we're coming in from a previous letter make that loop back now we go under the line and then end just slightly above the line so now I wanted two examples anyone know how we say truth in Arabic? truth there's a there's a brother who was signed up for this course a leader in the community his name is Haji Abdul Haq Abdul Haq anyone heard this word before? Haq right so Allah is the truth the reality so how do we write that? everyone says to me Haq there's a shadda on the Qaf so that Qaf is doubled it's not just Haq but Haq everyone try that again for me Haq so if we were to put a fatha on that Haq Haq now the name of the letter is this that's how we write the name of the letter if we were to write it out in Arabic right? Qaf everyone look up look up and say for me Qaf Qaf Qaf Alif any questions on that? Alhamdulillah moving on now after Qaf we have a sound that we do have in English now again Qaf it's not exactly similar but it's pretty much it's pretty much the English K Qaf everyone say Qaf Qaf Qaf pretty much the English Qaf the way to write this it's a beautiful letter actually really interesting when it's alone we write it we start with a line going down onto the line of the page then we go along the line of the page and have a slight hook and then sitting inside of that is a hamsa actually it's interesting it's a beautiful letter actually one more time and then put a hamsa in that don't ask me why when I was starting out Arabic I heard something about the origin of the letter and how yeah I don't know I heard just a little tingle of some meaning when I was starting Arabic and I haven't heard anything since if you do have a come across an explanation of why there's a hamsa sitting in there please let me know do you know? one more time this is the Qaf now when I started writing it like like I'm about to show you my teacher got a little annoyed I don't know one of the ways that I first learned it was almost getting kind of lazy on the hamsa I mean it looks beautiful with the hamsa in there but one way that it's not as common certainly not as common it's seen written as a line and the dots all join that you'll almost always see in Arabic handwriting but one way that you might see and it's kind of easier to write is you might see the Qaf written like this with a little squiggly inside which is how I often write it it's because it's easier but for the most part you'll probably see it like that although note that it's a written way of writing the Qaf is joining everything together there as for when it begins a word kind of different once I said this is an interesting it's a beautiful letter first we begin above the line quite above the line then we go back quite a ways slanting almost like a 90 degree angle and then go on and then when we're done with that when we're dotting things and putting extra dots and lines on the other letters then we come back and do a line going down onto the Qaf like that so the full form of it is basically three lines in a zigzag but we start with just two and then when we're done with the word third one on top of the Qaf so starting above the line slanting back and going on and then finally coming in to put that tough guy on one more time and I've labeled it here so this line comes first then that line comes second and then this line comes third when it's in the middle similar to when it begins so once again we're going to do these two lines first and then we're going to come back to the line above it so we're coming in from a previous letter we go up for that line now trace that back down to the line of the page and then go on and then when we're done writing the word we put that line above it one more time coming in from previous letter make a slant to the left retrace that slant to the next letter with a line above like that when we're done with the word and then finally when we see the end of the word we look similar to when it's alone we're basically coming into that alone position so coming in from a previous letter go up now retrace that down make the hook at the end and then the hums are sitting inside that or we can do my funky little thing of a squeeble only if you incline towards that otherwise leave it I'll write a few examples give you a moment to kind of practice on your own then I'll come take a look at the writing for that one it's the same as the alone except we're coming into it like many of the letters same as look off on the fact two examples one how do we say remembrance as in remembrance of God or mentioning of God vikr vikr, right here val ka'fra everyone say for me vikr vikr right where does this word come from do you recognize that word good iyaka everyone recognize sound familiar iyaka na'amudu wa iyaka nasda'in iyaka right so we have first we start with a kasra what's really we're starting with a humza then kasra on that humza then we have a ya with a shad over it so iy and then alif and ka'f with a fatha on it iyaka everyone say for me iyaka iyaka so not just iyaka but iyaka right and then finally we have the na'am so just like in English in the English alphabet we have jkl k then after k after the k sound we have an l sound pretty much the l sound in English everyone say for me lam lam no when it begins it's a line down and then we go slightly below the line or actually significantly below the line and then hook up that ends just above the line almost like a big fish hook in a way remember this line going down is going to be straight it's a straight line going down and then curve we don't want to make the whole thing curve like a like a you or something like that no it's straight line and then make it curve when it's in the middle in the beginning of a word we just have that line we have that line above like going down to the line of the page and then we go along the line of the page like so and connect to what comes after it this is why it's important that we know which letters connect to what comes after them and which don't connect to what comes after them otherwise if we connected alif to what came after it it would look like this that's two separate letters right alif is not connected if we were to say el we would put an alif then lift our pen then go down for the lamb if we write el like this and try to connect the alif to the lamb now that's ll ll so the lamb connects to what comes after it the alif does not now it's relatively simple in the middle of the word too we're coming in from previous letter if everyone looks up in from previous letter we go up for a line retrace that line down and then keep going so it's almost like an alif but it connects to what comes after it and then in this way too it almost looks like an english l as well in the sense of the main part is that a vertical line there it's like the english l in most cases and finally when it's at the end we're just going in going into that alone form we're coming in from previous letter we're going to go up for that line now retrace it down and go past down now below the line of the page and then just above the line or a tail so I'll write a few examples if you want a moment to practice and then we'll be done ok so anyone has anyone not been here for jamaa here at lighthouse for jamaa at least once ok what's the name of the pretty much the regular imam but abdul the servant of the subtle is one way to pronounce the latif or aware of subtle things aware of details of things latif also if you're saying someone's latif generally in arabic it means nice I mean when you're talking about Allah normally not like Allah is the nice it's kind of more nuanced meaning more specific anyway this is one of the names of Allah the latif the or aware of subtle things kind of meaning latif everyone's asking me latif latif there are many different ways that we could translate this many different context as well this is the basic thing latif also when we send prayers upon upon the prophet and his family what do we say so for example right at the end as most of us know at the end of the tashahud inshallah when we're sitting down after we say wa ashadu anna muhammad abluhu wa rasuluh Allahumma salli ala muhammad Ali muhammad right in this context in that particular context has a question on it wa ala Ali muhammad right kama salli ala ibrahim wa ala Ali ibrahim right so family also third chapter of the Quran is what anyone al fatiha then comes what al baqarah then comes al imran the family of imran the house of imran right ok so any questions about any of this material today ok so my portion finishes here I think we'll have a bit of review and solidifying some things with a wonderful ta canaya and I'll stop here al sana ilahe imr and al ibrahim So, first, as usual, passing with the intention of Imam Al-Haddad. Ya Fattahu, Ya Aleemu, iftah lana fathhan qareeba. Bismillahirrahmanirrahim. Alhamdulillahi Rabbil Alameen. Wa sallallahu ala Sayyidina Muhammadin. Wa ala alihi wa sahbihi wa sallam. Nawaytu tta'aluma wa tta'alima wa ttadakkura wa ttadakkira wa ttadakkira wa naf'a wa l'indifaa wa l'ifadata wa l'istifadata. Wa l'hathah ala ttamasuki bi hitabillahi wa sunnahi rasoolihi wa ddu'aa'a ilal huda wa ddaalata Alal khayri wa ddaa'a wajhillahi wa marbatihi wa qurbihi wa thawabihi Subhanahu wa ta'ala. Oh opener, oh all-knowing one, grant us an opening soon. In the name of Allah, the All-Merciful, the Compassionate, praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and blessings and peace upon our Master Muhammad, his family and his companions. I intend to study and teach, to remember and remind, to profit and bring profit, to benefit and bring benefit, to encourage holding fast to the Book of Allah and the way of his Messenger, to call to guidance, to direct towards good and to aim for the countenance of Allah and his pleasure, his nearness and his reward, exalted be he. So first off, I understand not all of us have been up to date with the material and so we're going to proceed on with you to finish the alphabet today, SubhanAllah. And so I'd still like to plow through the material because there are those who kind of kept up and everything and so I want to make sure we're sticking to the syllabus as much as possible and keep going through that. So make sure if you haven't gone through the old material, see the videos online, go through the worksheets. Also, I must apologize that, Alhamdulillah, I actually brought my whole backpack and not in my backpack today was the materials and the ansaki and my own syllabus like that too. So unfortunately, what does that mean? Actually, that doesn't mean much to you. Except, I might have had some homework from before that we hadn't given back or as well. Sana won't be able to take a look and correct the work from the book from before as well. But if at this point, if you have any homework or anything that you haven't given in, please give it to Sana and she'll take a look at least at the first section. Does anyone have any homework? Okay, Alhamdulillah. And then apologies also for the homework from Wednesday not getting out. Alhamdulillah, series of circumstances came up. These things happen and inshallah, I'll do my best to get both the worksheet for today and for Wednesday out for this week. Do what you can. I know you might not be able to get through everything. Every week I give you a lot of stuff to do on the worksheet. The point is that you use that to your advantage figuring out where you can use work, what you need to review and what you need more practice on and so those worksheets can be a tool rather than a burden to you. That's the aim. So first of all, we'll go through these words that I put up. First of all, we have this one up here. Another dot on the second letter which might not be so clear throughout the run. There we go. Okay, so what's the what's the first symbol we have here? Okay, Alif with what? Hamza on the top of it and on top of the Hamza is? Right, so how would we write that in the transliteration system we've been using? This in A, right? I'll put it below. Okay, what's the next symbol? Good. Next symbol is a Val. Val. Now comes what? We have three letters remaining in the word. Three letters remaining in the word. So take a second to look at it and figure out what those three letters are. Okay, right, so what's the first one? Calf, right here. One letter and then another letter. See, we see that this letter right here matches up with calf in the middle over there. Does anyone not see that? Okay, and then finally, two letters left. Alif, right, so double A, long A and then so how do we say this? Evkar, Evkar, right, plural of vukar means remembrances, right? If you have several bits of vukar to say during the day, you say you're Evkar. Right, now this one, the next one. What's the first letter? Ah, right, ah, that's right here. And what's on the calf? Fatah, right, the fatah. And then we have Ra and then, okay, good. There's a kasra on the Ra and after it comes A. It comes A, yeah, right. So this yeah, is it a consonant or is it a vowel? What, how do we know when something is, when yeah or wow are a vowel, when they're a long vowel, it's an u sound or it's an e sound. How do we know? Yes, right, kasra is the short version of yeah. So if for both yeah and wow, if the same kind of, if the same kind of vowel comes before them and there's there's no vowel coming after them, there's no vowel on it and it's a long vowel, right? So we hear, we see here, before the yeah is a kasra, which is the same sound, e and e. And on the yeah, there's no vowel written on it, right? So we know that this is going to be a long vowel. Harib, everyone say for me. Harib, Harib, right, if we had instead this, if a different vowel came before the yeah, then we'd know that it would be a consonant. It'll be written as a Y and what comes before the yeah, a fatha. So it'll be korayib, korayib, right? Everyone say this for me, korayib, korayib. So we see, we have korayib, right? Sorry, korayib, korayib. We have ka, ra, and then i, b, korayib, korayib, korayib. Okay, but that's not originally what was there. Okay, now to make sure we'll get through everything. I'll just kind of go through these pretty quickly. This one, anyone want to, want to say what that is? Good, akil, someone else, a brave soul to the next one. Anyone? Good. Rotor, everyone say for me. Rotor, rotor, ayn, and ta, and ra. Finally, this one, everyone say for me, vilal, vilal, right? Here we have two lambs. We have a lamb in the middle and a lamb at the end. First word is the va, va, the emphatic equivalent of the vil, which is up here. Vil versus va. Okay, quick note here, and this is, this is a note that has to do with lamb when we have lamb and then edif coming after it. There's a particular way that that's written, both in handwriting and when you see it typed out as well. Lamb when it begins a, when it begins a word is like this, right? We have that bit of a view up there, which is lamb, and then edif when it comes after the lamb would be like that, right? That's typically how we write lamb elif. So how to say no in Arabic is la, la. That might be how we would write la, but it's not how we write la, to be honest, because this, it doesn't look so interesting. I don't know. This three straight lines, I don't know, three sides of a rectangle, it's not that interesting. We want, you know, this is a divine language, this is a beautiful language. What happens? Well, you just have to learn that when you're writing anytime that edif comes after lamb, so we have lamb and we have edif, it's going to, if there's nothing coming before the lamb, it's going to look like this. Everyone watch. Here's our line. It's going to look like we do the lamb, but then we come down and do a little curve that way, and that's what it looks like. Some people in handwriting do it like almost like that, but the best way is when it's a little less crazy like that. And this is all lamb edif right here. La, la, la, la. Right, so we start with the lamb, but then before we hit the line, we go a bit more to the left, then we loop back and then, and then go up for the edif. That's lamb edif. Okay, good question, good question. When, now, when we have something before those two, so for example in Villal, in Villal, we have lamb edif, but it's coming in the middle of a word, i.e., there's something coming before it that's connected to it. Then in that case, we would normally think that we write it like, okay, here's our medial lamb, and then we put an edif after that like that, but no, unfortunately not. It's more interesting than that. We go up for our lamb, but then we kind of, as we're coming down, we curve a bit down and the edif goes in down like that. Okay, everyone watch again. I'll do this again. We're coming into the lamb, we go up for the lamb, but then before we get down to the bottom of the line, we make a curve to the left, and then our edif goes in and fits onto that curve. And in handwriting, sometimes you'll see that this way is how people write it when lamb and edif are alone. So sometimes you won't see someone writing it like this. When I just have lamb edif, like when they say no, or when they're writing no, la, you'll see that they'll write it like like that one more time. It might, yeah, but the best way is to, and the way you'll see it and print it is like this, when there's nothing coming before the lamb, nothing connecting to the lamb, and like this when there is something connected. So finally, the lamb should actually be written like this. Any questions on that? Okay, I'll come around and see the lamb edif when I'm going around looking at the new letters we do for today. So now let's do one of these. Okay, we have two names of great companions, radiAllahu anhum, in our history, companions the prophet peace be upon him, at the bottom here are the last two words. First, we have Abu Bakr. Abu Bakr, right? Do we know how to write Abu? We've had this one before. Abu, right? Now Bakr, I'm just going to go over it quickly. Okay, there we have it. Any questions on that? Abu Bakr? Okay, now Ali, Ali, how do we write this name? First of all, what are the three letters in his name? What are they? What's the first letter? Ain, right? First letter is Ain, then comes what? Laam, then what? Then yeah. Right, so I just wrote out the full forms of the letters. Now if we're going to write the whole word together, this whole name together, we put them together. Ain, Laam, yeah, and now we have it. Ali, everyone says for me, Ali, Ali, Abu Bakr, Abu Bakr, good. And then finally, everyone could try this one for me, one of the names of God, one of the names of Allah. Give everyone else a second. Yeah. Okay, right. So the first letter is going to be Ali. Right, let's put that for now. It's not, but we'll put it for now because at the end of class we'll get to why it's not. Okay, okay, but we'll put it for now. Alhamdulillah. I'll write it and then I'm actually going to take that Hamza off and I'll tell you why at the end of class. Just a little teaser. Okay, but what's the next letter now? Laam. Okay, what comes after Laam? Ha, right? We have Laam and then Ha. Okay, one interesting thing now. Laam, then Ha, but anyone remember what we said, special prophecies about Jeem Ha Ha? What about stacking? When does stacking come into play? When do we stack classes? When what's at the beginning of a word? When the Ha is at the beginning of a word? Not quite. When Jeem Ha Ha, when do we stack? First of all, what do we stack on top of? What is the thing we're stacking things on top of? Jeem Ha and Ha, these three are the ones that get things stacked on top of them. Jeem Ha and Ha. Get things stacked on top of them. Yes, not quite. A quote, a quote. Anything that connects to Jeem Ha and Ha from before, anything that's connecting to them can get stacked on top of them. Anything. Anything that comes before Jeem Ha and Ha and is connecting to that can be stacked on top of the Jeem Ha and Ha. That's why, yeah, but Ha and Ha can be stacked on top of them. You're right. That's not the only thing. Anything. So even seen, so if we have Saja, Saja, I can write it like this. They are not like all on the line, but I stack the scene on top of the Jeem. So, Al-Lam is connecting to the Ha, so I can stack it on top of that Ha. Everyone see that? Al-H. Okay, so now what do we have? After the Ha is Al-Fat-Ha. Good. Al-Ha and then how many letters do we have left? We're going to be writing one letter, but it's doubled. Right. And when we have a doubled letter, how do we symbolize that? By putting a Shadda on it. Right, so what's that letter going to be? Al-Fat-Ha and then with a Shadda on it. Right, so everyone say for me Al-Ha-Fat. Right. Good. Any questions on this? Right, you wouldn't stack it. Why? Right, if we have a Ra before the Ha, we would not stack that Ra on top of the Ha, because it can't connect to the Ha. Ra, just like Daal and Daal and Alif and Wa, and other letters cannot connect to what comes after it. Right. Okay, let's get to our new stuff. Today, inshallah, as long as we, as long as we can get through living to the past hour, to the next hour, which is never a sure thing. Right. But inshallah, we've finished the alphabet today. Everyone say Alhamdulillah. Alhamdulillah. So there's still, still when we, when we finish the alphabet, there are a few more symbols and things to go through, but the end is nigh, or really the beginning is nigh, because this is the beginning of your journey into this beautiful language. Right. Yes. So today we finished the alphabet and then we have a few extra symbols to go over today and then more symbols after that for a week or two and then four sessions of review. Now make sure don't check out in this final time. Remember that the end of this session is, is coming, the completion of this is coming. And then don't think that review, you won't want to come to that because that will be very important. So litifying this, we'll be going over Surah Al-Fatiha and going over various important things and words and things that we should, we should know how to pronounce correctly and know how to, how to read as well. So with that in mind, three letters left. So first of all, fortunate for us, all three of these letters have our present pretty much in English. So first we have the meme. So the sound of this is pretty much the English M. Everyone say meme, meme. Good. Everyone's right here, the lips, the joining of the lips. So meme when it stands alone, let's see if this one works for me. When it's alone, we have a circle on the line and then a dip, a tail that goes straight down below the line. One more time, circle on the line going clockwise and then tail, circle on the line and tail. I suppose not, not exactly round. It's, it's flat on the, it should be kind of flat on the, when it touches the line. Right. But if you make it round, there's no, yeah, there's no problem in that. When it's at the beginning of a word, we have just that circle, no tail. So we make now, but pay attention when it's, when it's standing alone, we go clockwise, we make it clockwise, but when it's this way beginning, we make it anti-clockwise and then go on to the next letter. So I'll do that a few more times if you want to see. Finally, not finally, sorry, moving on. And I'll take a look at your, at your memes all in one when I'm done going through all four forms of it. When it's in the middle, we're coming in from a previous letter, we make that circle going once again counterclockwise and then we go on. Make the circle and it goes above the line and then on. Now I have seen it, sometimes you might see people go below the line, especially in handwriting like that. Sometimes, but typically it all sits above the line. And then finally, when it's at the end, we have that circle and the tail going down. So we're coming into the meme, counterclockwise again, and then down. I've also seen, I've seen people draw the circle and then go out of it and then down like that. You might see that, but I personally think the easiest way is just to take the circle and then go straight down further. Okay. An important note now when writing meme in the beginning, middle and end, um, when we, when you write the meme, when we're coming off from the circle, so the line coming off from the circle, um, should not be coming off from the circle right at the line of the page. Okay. What do I mean by that? I mean, like, for example, writing a circle like this and then going like that, see how the line is coming right when it, when the line comes off the circle, it's doing so right on top of the line of the page. Same as, as here. If I do that, because what happens then is that we end up where we're writing something that looks like a fat or a car. So make sure when, when it comes off, see there's some distance in between the point where the line leaves the circle of my writing. That point happens slightly above the line of the page. Everyone see that there? Right here. There's some distance between the two and right here. Here as well. The main thing is the important thing is when it's at the beginning in the middle, uh, alone and and it's, I mean, it's, it's fine. The point where the line going to the next letter comes off from the circle should be above the line of the page. That moment when you're writing should be when you are, when your pen or pencil is above the line of the page. Next. Next we have, everyone say for me, noon, noon. Okay. So this is just like the English N noon when it's alone. It looks almost like a cup, a slightly tilted cup. Right. So we begin above the line here and we dip below the line, making like a semi circle and end just above the line, like with many of our loops. Now, pay attention that the distance above the line in the beginning should be ideally a little more than the distance that it goes above the line at the end. That's why I say a tilted cup almost. And we have a dot on top of it. I'll do that a few more times. You want to see. Now, if you just take a look at this guy, does he remind you of anything? Looks kind of like a bat. Good. Good intuition. Because when it's in the beginning or middle, it's going to look exactly like a bat or that just with different dots. So see, we've seen this before, beginning, two, except now we have a dot on the top. Now, this is starting to look like a veil right here. But notice that this line on the line of the page is the line going into the next letter. Right. And it's the tooth is less slanted than the veil. A veil is going to look like more like more like that. Right. Similarly, we've seen we've done this before when it's in the middle. Two. This is the tooth. And then finally, when it's at the end, we go into the form at the beginning, the form when it stands alone. So we're coming into it and we have that cup. So this is where it differs from bat and that maybe have this cup that goes below the dips below the line at the end. Now, that's not that bad. Not that complicated. I'll come in, come around, take a look, and we'll go over examples with these two letters. Once we're done, what's the final letter for today? Which is, everyone say for me. Okay. Now we've seen ha before. We've seen ha. Now we get ha. It's pretty much like the H in English. So the H kind of floats around a bit in English, to be honest. Sometimes it's there. Sometimes it's not really there. Sometimes it is there. Difference between the ha and the ha is that the ha, which we've seen, the ha is at the same position as the eye, which is the middle of the throat. And the line happened at the top of the throat, ha and the eye at the middle of the throat. And now at the bottom of the throat, at the level of vocal chords, we have ha and we have ha. Ha is the breath that comes emanating from basically the level of the vocal chords. Everyone say, everyone say, So the ha is lower than the ha. This new one we're learning is lower than the ha, which comes at the beginning of the alphabet in which we translate it as a capital H. So you might see with an H with a dot under it. This is a beautiful letter too. The, it's seal, it's ending, is musk, sweet smelling. It's a saying in Arabic, I mean it's taken from the Koran, sort of, and on top of it, satan, the whole mosque. Last letter we have to do, quite a beautiful letter actually. So, part of it we've actually seen before. Anyone remember when I was talking about the ha? I've mentioned some things about the ha before. Yes, exactly. When I talked about the ta'ma vultah, I said how the ta'ma vultah is a cross between a ta and a ha. So take the ta part from the ta'ma vultah and you left with a ha. Basically, when it's alone, like that, ta'ma vultah without the dots. What is the circle, right? When it's alone. Like an egg. Not a complete circle. Often you almost see, almost a point at the top before getting really picky. And sometimes people even have like a little, I don't know, like a little bit that extends over that, but yeah. But if you write a circle then there's nothing wrong with that. That's the ha. And since we've already seen it, I'm going to jump to, when it's at the end, we've seen this with the ta'ma vultah. Remember this? We've gone over this before. We're along the line, then we go up and then make a loop on the back of that line, all of which rests above the line of the page. When it's at the end of a word. Now when it's at the beginning of a word, it gets kind of interesting. Basically, big loop inside the big loop is a small loop. What do I mean by that? There we have it. Sometimes people close the loop, that loop completely. Looks almost like that. But I tend to prefer more like that. Almost like a backward C. And then you do another loop inside of that. And that's the ha. Everyone say for me again, ha. The difference between this and without the two dots on top. You've seen it with two dots on top. What is it if we put two dots on top? What is that? That's a ta'ma vultah. Right. So ta'ma vultah is, what, not a letter? The difference between ha and ta'ma vultah. First of all, ha has no dots. Ta'ma vultah has two dots on it. Second of all, ha is a regular letter, can occur at any point in the word ta'ma vultah, only, only ever at the end of a word. Another point, ha can exist in any form with any kind of vowels coming before and after it. Ta'ma vultah always has a tatha before it. And then what comes after it is, could be, could be anything. In terms of pronunciation, ha is always pronounced, ha. Ta'ma vultah, if we're not putting a vowel after the ta'ma vultah, is pronounced, ha, as well. But if there is a vowel coming on, i.e., after the ta'ma vultah, it's that, right? Okay. Quick fire. Shoot me your questions, I'll shoot you back. Finally, when it's in the middle, once again, gets interesting. We actually have several options for this too. One way to do it, the way that I like is, everyone pay attention because it's kind of, it's interesting. On the left first, we dip down below the line. Now we go above the line and then make a loop back and on. I'll do it one more time. Dipping below the line, go up and then loop above the line and then on. But now pay attention, what else might you see? You might see not only a loop above the line, but a loop below the line as well. Some people write it like that. And then finally, you might not see any of that. You might see a dip below the line, like this. All of these are ha, although this is the one I prefer. So I might not like you so much if you do another way. I'm just kidding. I don't like any of you. Now, I love you guys. I love you all in Allah. We're all in this together, trying to learn his language, trying to work towards this. All right, so I will come around taking a look at those as I'm coming around. I'd like all of you to try your hand at some words, very important words. Okay, so now, now going over a few of these. First of all, the Arabic that I wrote. This is a name of Allah. Allah is noble and generous. What is he in Arabic? Next, what do we have here? Alhamdu. Notice, there's some stacking going on. So in order to close up our whole discussion of stacking, we say that jeem, ha, khaw, and meem, these four letters, jeem, ha, khaw, meem, with those four letters, when there is a letter that connects before it, that can be stacked on top of it. And so what are we seeing here? We're seeing that a lamb is stacked on top of the ha. And that ha in turn is stacked on top of the meem. So everyone say this for me. Everyone say this. Alhamdu. Alhamdu. Right, so here we're going to put the divisions between them. That's the lamb right there. And there's the ha and the meem. Any questions on this? Right, it's stacked on top of the meem. Here, I'll write it again. Al, tricky, but it's beautiful. Alhamdu. Okay, now this second one here, or raheem, first we have a ra, then we have what? Ha, actually didn't have, I didn't put any examples with the ha up here. Anyway, Alhamdu. And then, but now if we're doing the, if we're just doing the skeleton of the word, yeah, we have a what? Ha, yeah, and then finally a meem. Right, raheem. That's raheem. And now finally the name of our beloved prophet, peace be upon him, is written. Okay, first we have a what? Meem. Now, what comes after the meem? So, we can stack it, correct? Now, what is the ha coming before? A meem, which we can, so we can stack the ha on top of that meem. Now what do we have? And now we have it. What are the vowels after the meem? What do we have? Bama, fatha. Good, muha, then on top of the meem, this second meem. We have a fatha and a what? And the Shadda. Right, and now we have it. Muhammad, SubhanAllah. Anyone noticed, if you take a look at this, very loosely, let's see. Okay, here we go. So, see this? Even though it's kind of a messy way to write, Muhammad, you see that? So, any questions about ha, meem, or any of this stuff, or stacking, or question about life, marriage, yes. On the assessment, on the assessment, the assessment will, I mean, if you don't stack when you're writing, you just look like an elementary school child. That's, that's all. I mean, yeah, that's my take. Everyone can understand you. There's nothing really wrong with it. It's just, it's just like if you write the dots out and don't do lines. Like, if you, on the, yeah, wrote two dots instead of a line. It's just, it's a less conventional way of writing it, a handwriting. But what's important is that when you see this, you can understand. Right. And so, it's helpful to practice now, stacking, because then you'll be able to, you won't have to think twice about how to, how to break that down when you see it, someone handwriting it. Now, finally, not really any symbols, but some kind of material to go over. And this is kind of the fun stuff. What did I, what did I kind of give you a teaser of at the beginning? What did I, what did I say? The Aleph, right. What about the, what about the Aleph? What were we talking about? What did I say? You, why, you guys were saying, write it, write something a certain way. And I said, well, not quite, but we'll get to that. Right. Right. Writing a Hamza and a Fatah on it. Okay. So today, what we talk about is a special type of Hamza. Hamza is an interesting thing. There are different kinds of Hamza. This Hamza now is called Hamzat El Wasl. Everyone say to me, Hamzat El Wasl. Hamzat El Wasl. Hamzat El Wasl means literally it's the Hamza of connecting, the Hamza of connecting. Now it's got a symbol. You'll only ever find it on an Aleph. And the symbol of it kind of looks like a sword on top of the Aleph. Everyone watch this. Here we go. That's the symbol for it. Just like how Hamzat El Wasl in the name of it, we have a sword El Wasl. Looks like a sword that goes over it. That's the way to write it. What does this mean? This means that when we're starting a word, you'll only find, only ever find just like with the Hamza on top of an Aleph. Actually, no, never mind. Never mind that. You will only find this Hamza on top of an Aleph and in the middle, sorry, and at the beginning of a word. You will only find Hamzat El Wasl at the beginning of a word on top of an Aleph. Only ever. And what it means is when we're beginning this word and we're not saying anything before it, there's no vowel from a previous word that is coming before it or really that there's no previous word coming before it, but we're just saying, starting with this word, that's when the Hamza is there. Present. Hamza is present when we start with that word. And it's usually an ah. So it could be, we could have a kasra on it, we could have a dhamma on it. It's usually a fat haza. Now what that means is that when it's, is that it is absent, this Hamza completely goes away when it is in the middle of words. i.e. when we're saying a word. Remember I said, this symbol only ever comes at the beginning of a word. So what I'm talking about is on the level of sentences now, if I'm saying a word before this word that has Hamza El Wasl, that Hamza goes away. As in there's not going to be that glottal stop, there's not going to be that ah. Example. How do we say praise be to God? Alhamdulillah. Right. We can invert that. We can invert that and say what? Have you ever heard the reverse? Not alhamdulillah, but right, lillahi alhamdulillah. Often in some, the takbir that we do for ii, one of the lines of the extended takbirah, Allahu akbar, Allahu akbar, wa lillahi alhamdulillah. So here we have lillahi alhamdulillah. Now actually after having done this, everywhere is there, with this word, Allah's name is a very interesting name. There's lots of stuff that's going on here that might not make sense right now as to how it's pronounced. The important thing is lillahi alhamdulillah. Kasra before alhamdulillah. Right now I'm telling you alhamdulillah has a Hamza El Wasl on it. So normally we would say alhamdulillah. Correct? Alhamdulillah. Praise alhamdulillah. But now there's a kasra before it. There's a word before it. So this Hamza, it's not going to have the ah there. Lillahi. Everyone say lillahi alhamdulillah. What's another way? Okay another one and I'm almost running out of space. I apologize. Okay. Al Rahman i Al Raheem. Sound familiar? Al Rahman Al Raheem. Yeah? Bismillah Al Rahman Al Raheem. We don't say Al Rahmani Al Raheem. We say Al Rahmani Al Raheem. And I've just noticed that something to do with this is problematic potentially. So I will go into the final thing that I have to say today which ties into Al Rahmani Al Raheem. Anyone know how to say the in Arabic? We want to say the something. We want to make something definite. The equals l. Right. And the form for this is it's alif with the Hamza al wasul and then Sukun on the lamb. This is l and it connects to what comes after it. So if I want to say, if I want to say for example how do I say beloved? Anyone know how to say beloved in Arabic? Habib. My beloved is Habibi. Right. But beloved is Habib. Habib. Habib. Now if I want to say the beloved it's what? Al Habib. And it connects to that. Al Habib. Just like a truth or a right is Haq. But the truth is Al Haq. Right. Everyone say this for me. Al Habib. Al Habib. Al Habib. Okay. A lot of information I'm throwing at you. I'm throwing this at you and we'll keep working on it. Right. You might not get it completely right now but this is such important stuff that it'll just be reinforced and reinforced and reinforced so if you don't get it right now eventually you'll get it in your system. God bless. And there are steps to this process that I'm taking you through so please bear with me. Alhamdulillah. Alhamdulillah. So we were talking about Alif Lam. Alif Lam. Al meaning Zee. Making something definite. One thing, Alif Lam connects to the word that it's a part of. Alif Lam connects. Al Habib wrote it connecting. Right. One final point and this is the important thing that the letter that it's connecting to immediately so the first letter of that word that we're putting Alif Lam before if that letter is a certain group of letters the Lam gets absorbed into it. What do I mean by that? Okay. In Arabic there are things things called sun letters and there are things called moon letters. Anyone know how we say sun in Arabic? Shams. Good. Here we go. Shams. Anyone know how we say moon in Arabic? Qamar. Qamar. Qamar. Anyone know how we say the sun El Shams except not quite. Why? Ash Shams. Not El Shams but Ash Shams. The sun. Ash Shams. The important thing to note here is that we have a lamb. Right. We wrote Alif Lam to make it the sun. Correct. What's happened? The lamb has gotten absorbed into the sheen. So instead of saying El Shams we have Ash Shams. Ash Shams. So the sheen now becomes double. It becomes A. We have Ash Shams on it. Ash Shams. How do we say the moon El Qamar? Right. El Qamar. El Qamar. El Qamar. Notice how we are saying the lamb. So with these letters which I'll tell you the lamb is just a regular lamb. When we put Alif Lam in front of these letters it stays the same. When we put Alif Lam in front of these letters the lamb gets absorbed into it. So now finally I'll give you those letters. Fourteen sun letters. Fourteen moon letters. I started here with Hamza because Alif is a vowel. Right. If we put Alif wouldn't ever start a word. Correct. So we would never be putting Alif Lam in front of a true Alif. But we can start a word with Hamza. This is why it's here. The distinction between these two is that Lam in the mouth happens with the tip of the tongue. Happens with the tip of the tongue. And all of these letters. All of them also happen with the tip of the tongue. And that is why the lamb gets absorbed into these letters. Because the lamb and these letters are pretty much in the same kind of position in the mouth. Whereas the moon letters happen elsewhere in the mouth. Either at the point of the lips or the lips in the teeth or the throat or back of the mouth. Any of those points. So to illustrate that when we begin. And I know you're probably still copying down the letters. That's fine. We can maybe stay for a minute or two just to copy down this stuff. If everyone could stop copying and at least just be with me for a second. Here it is. Right. So when we say Bismillahir Rahmanir Raheem. We don't say we don't say but everyone. And Alif Lam is what on the Alif is a Hamzat Al-Wassil. So if we're putting the two together and we have and then we don't stop there. We don't say see that combining two things that we learned today. Hamzat Al-Wassil and sun letters. Everyone say after me. Al-Rahmanir Raheem. Al-Rahmanir Raheem. Right. The E, the kasra between the two is a kasra on Al-Rahman. And the Hamzat Al-Wassil, the A is going away for Al-Raheem. Right. Okay. Just like, owner of the day of judgment. So if you look at Surat Al-Fatiha now you'll see all these, well if you look at any place in the Quran you'll see all kinds of Alif Lam's and and you'll see especially in Surat Al-Fatiha since you're all probably saying it regularly you'll see what's happening there with the Hamzat Al-Wassil and with the sun and moon letters. So once again lots of information today but it'll all be reinforced as we go through reading Arabic in the next few weeks inshaAllah. Al-Rahmanir Raheem. So I'm going to end my portion now. We still have that that clock's a bit fast. Actually, no no it's pretty accurate. Never mind. It used to be fast so okay I was going off of that Al-Rahmanir Raheem. Okay. I'm going to end my portion now and then we'll have a few minutes with Sana going through a few words. If you have to leave right right at three feel free to. Otherwise we'll have like maybe five, seven minutes inshaAllah and and then we'll pray. We'll do the over after that inshaAllah. All praises due to God Allah and peace and praise upon his prophet and messenger Muhammad upon his family and his companions and all those who follow him to the last day starting on the syllabus with the intention of Imam Al-Haddad as usual. If taht lana fat'han qareeba bismillahi ar-Rahmanir Raheem. Alhamdulillahi Rabbil Alameen. Wa sallallahu ala Sayyidina Muhammadin wa ala alihi wa sahbihi wa sallam. Wa an naf'ah wa l-intifahah wa l-ifadah wa l-istifadah wa l-haffah alat tamasuki bi kitabillahi wa sunnahir Rasoolihi wa d-du'a'a ilal huda wa d-dalalata ala l-khairi wa btigha'a wajhidlahi wa marzatihi wa qurbihi wa thawabihi subhanahu wa ta'ala O opener, O all-knowing one, grant us an opening soon. In the name of Allah, be all merciful, compassionate. Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and blessings and peace upon our master Muhammad, his family and his companions. I intend to study and teach, to remember and remind, to profit and bring profit, to benefit and bring benefit, to encourage holding fast to the book of Allah and the way of his messenger, to call to guidance, to direct towards good and to aim for the countenance of Allah and his pleasure, his nearness and his reward exalted be he. Alhamdulillah, such a blessing to be here today, but for me and for you insha'Allah. There are so many people prevented from seeking knowledge, whether it's being prevented from the means of seeking knowledge or prevented from having some desire in the heart to seek knowledge and so may Allah make us, make us always people who desire to seek the most beneficial knowledge, which is that which brings us closer to Allah. May Allah always make us people who desire Allah and nothing else. And the only reason that we come to classes like this, the only reason that we go to various things, do things in our lives, may Allah make it such that there's nothing in our hearts ever anything except the desire for Allah. In fact, even not even the desire for Allah, may there be nothing in our hearts but Allah. I mean subhanAllah, that's quite a quite a high station that we all aspire to, you know. Alhamdulillah. So insha'Allah this this is a means also for all of you to get closer to Allah and if you're ever feeling like it's like it's tough or you're not getting things or you're not motivated or anything, just remind yourself of you know of why we're doing this or at least why we should be doing this. We do it for Allah. And that really applies to anything too. If we're feeling that we're down in some way or not motivated, all we have to do is reorient ourselves and place our heart where it needs to be, our direction where it needs to be in Allah. And as just a little aside, as one of the wisdoms, one of the hikm of Ibn Ataillah who was an Egyptian scholar who lived several centuries ago, he said So don't get surprised that anytime things you don't like happen in this world or tough things happen in this world as long as you're in this world because the nature of this world is that it's tough. The nature of this world is that it has problems, it has things that we don't like and things that don't work out. Even when we're journeying to Allah, when we're journeying to his knowledge, things happen that we don't like, things happen that we think, we think, Allah, we make this intention that we come to Allah and we want to approach his knowledge and yet things come in the way. We want to make our salah on time, but sometimes things come in the way. Even the Prophet, Allah did not pray every single prayer on time. Things prevented him from doing so. Now we can't get in the mode of letting things get in the way, but there are certain things that we can't control. He slept through at least one prayer, we know that, because we have it related from him that we're told that whoever forgets a prayer or that Allah has forgiven those of his ummah who forget things unintentionally or sleep through things. There were times when the Sahaba even the Prophet himself slept through prayers unintentionally, so they made them up when they could or when they were in jihad, they couldn't stop jihad to pray a complete prayer. When they're in the midst of battle, so they miss prayers like that. Things will always come in the way of us when we do things in this world and the important thing is to understand, as long as we have the right orientation, we can't help but be pleased with everything that comes because everything comes from Allah. It's in his knowledge that it comes to us. It's in his knowledge that he tries us with difficult things and misunderstandings and often reduces us to a complete state of helplessness because he wants to hear us calling upon him and turning to him. Anyway, so with that, there is every reason to rejoice now as we're nearing the end. Even if all of these things that we've gone over so far aren't completely taking hold in the mind or on the tongue as we're trying to pronounce this language, still we're covering ground. I know that, does anyone here not learn anything in this course? Just be honest, just be honest. Does anyone here not learn anything? Okay. Inshallah, Musa, have you learned at least something? Okay. I know I've learned a lot, you know, that's the nature of teaching. Teaching makes you learn things better and learn from others as well. Hamdulillah, we've all benefited from this course, so we will come a distance and now if we're keeping up with the course, the distance is that what are the market is that we've now completed the alphabet and we're moving on to a few extra symbols and things that we need to do about Arabic before we can completely know the details of how to read Arabic and how to get through the Quran. So first, we'll begin now with going to the alphabet. Again, one more time or a few times. So repeat after me. R'ain, fa, gaw, gaf, lam, neem, noon, ha, wao, ya. Hamdulillah, Hamdulillah, got some good sound effects too. Nice motorcycles outside the door, music blooming above. Hamdulillah. Okay, so we'll go through these things that that I put up on the board. First of all, who wants to tell me how we say this guy? It's first letter. Good, good. Everyone repeat after me. Assalam. Okay, so take me through the different symbols and things that we have. First of all, what's this guy right here? Right, it's an alif and what does the alif have? Hamzatel wasul. Everyone say for me. Hamzatel wasul. Hamzatel wasul. Right, almost looks like a damma, but not quite. This is what a damma looks like. Hamzatel wasul, like that. And so right, Hamzatel wasul, which means that it's the Hamza of continuing. So if we have a vowel coming before that, and we're not going to say that alif and that Hamza, it just completely goes away. But if we're beginning what we're saying with this word, then we'll begin with the Hamza and that vowel. The vowel will almost always be a fadha, especially when we have alif, lamb. Right, it's going to be a fadha in that case for the Hamzatel wasul. When we have alif, lamb, meaning what does alif, lamb mean? Lamb. V, right, typically. Make something definite, a definite thing. So alif and then lamb, good. And on the lamb is a, that's cool. Then what comes next? What's the next symbol? It's a scene. This long line here is a scene. If it were printed out, we would see the three teeth there. But I don't have it written because normally when you see it out in handwriting, it's just kind of a straight line going across the page. Scene with a what on it? Good. That's her. Then we have a lamb, good. After the lamb is a and alif, good. So we have lamb alif here, which we talked about last time, written like this, not just as we normally see, like say we have, okay, we're coming into a lamb, coming into a lamb, and we go from that lamb and then just into an alif like that. No. Lamb alif looks like that if it's connected before. And then if it's not, something like that. Right, which we went over last time. Right. So that's what's going on here. Lamb alif and then finally, meme. Okay. So something that's coming into play here, Nora, could you, could you say this word for me again? How did we say we pronounced it? As-sadam. But what I see written there is al-sadam, right? Al-sadam. So you're wrong, aren't you? Right. Sun letter. Right. Last time we talked about, I'll write this on the side of the board. We talked about sun letters and moon letters. Right. How do we say sun in Arabic? How do we say this, the sun? Everyone's asking me. Ash-shams. Ash-shams. Right. Ash-shams. So here, ash-shams, it's not el-shams because on these types of letters, just like the name we have for the category, the lamb in alif lamb, the lamb, the el in el gets absorbed into the next letter. So the lamb drops off. We're no longer hearing that sound. We're no longer pronouncing that sound. Instead, the sound that comes next gets doubled. So it's not, right. If we were to vowel it out, we would put a shadda and therefore in the Quran, you will see a shadda on it. Right. Which means that that lamb has been absorbed into the next letter. So we say ash-shams, which is different from, if there were no shadda there, we'd say ash-shams. Ash-shams. Right. Ash-shams. No, there has to be that shadda there. Ash-shams. Everyone say it for me one more time. Ash-shams. Ash-shams. Okay. Whereas the moon letters, how do we say moon in Arabic? Al-qamar. Right. Not al-qamar. No, al-qamar. The lamb is there. It's there. We don't have a shadda on the car. The lamb does not drop off. It's not absorbed into the car. It's al-qamar. Al-qamar. Ash-shams and al-qamar. Al-qamar. Okay. So I'm going to go through the alphabet. You tell me whether it's a sun letter that I say or it's a moon letter. So just like here. We have sun. We have moon. So if it's sun, raise your left hand. If it's moon, raise your right hand. Okay. Does that make sense? Because you're looking at the board. So if it's on this side, it's a moon letter. It's a sun letter. Okay. Okay. So edif. Okay. Kind of trick question actually. Because we only put sun and moon letters have to do with alif lamb. We only put alif lamb in front of a complete word. So a complete word, a word cannot begin with a vowel. So it can't begin with alif because alif can only be a vowel. There's no consonant alif. So that's kind of a trick question actually. But pretty much the consonant, well, in some ways the consonant equivalent of the vowel alif is hamsa. So it's hamsa, a sun or moon. There we go. You should be raising your right hand. Yeah. Hamza. Al-i-hsan. Not al-i-hsan. You can't even do it. Also all the sun letters, all the sun letters happen with the tip of the tongue. All the moon letters are everywhere else. Moon letters happen from the lips or the lips and the teeth coming together or back at the throat or somewhere in the throat or middle of the mouth. That's one way that they're distinguished as well. Okay. So hamsa. One more time. Which hand are you raising? Hamza. Good. Now ba. Good. Right hand. Ta. Ta. As-sa. As-sa goes here. As-sa goes here. As-sa. Actually, yeah, I'll do that now. Okay. So everyone, if you have in front of you written the sun and moon letters, put it away. Just listen to me. Okay. Listen to me. Okay. So we have al-a, al-hamsa. Al-hamsa, right? Now al-ba. Right. Al-ba. So here. At-ta. Raise your hand now. At-ta. Good. As-sa. As-sa. Right. Al-jim. Al-jim. Al-jim. Right. Because we hear the al. Al-jim. Not al-jim. Al-jim. Al-kha. Ad-dal. Ad-dal. Madiki yawmid-deen. In Sarat al-Fatiha. Madiki yawmid-deen. Not madiki yawmid-deen. Madiki yawmid-deen. No. Madiki yawmid-deen. Okay. Ad-dal. Ad-dal. Good. Ar-ra. Ar-ra. That's almost a tricky one because lamb and ar-ra are very similar. But that should be a hint. Since lamb and ar-ra are very similar, the lamb gets absorbed into the ar-ra. As-zay. As-zay. Right. I want to see everyone's hand, by the way, even if you're wrong. Right. Just try. As-zay. It's over here because we're not hearing al-zay. As-zay. For the moon letters we'll hear al before we hear the sound of the letters. Okay. So, as-zay, not al-zay. Okay. As-sin. As-sin. No, but I want to see everyone's hand. All right, brother. As-sin. One more time. As-sin. Good. As-shin. As-shin. Over here. Left hand. As-shin because we're not hearing al-shin. No. As-shin. As-shin. Okay. As-sad. Good. Ab-bad. Bad. Right. Over here. Right. Ap-pa. Ap-pa. Over here. If it weren't over here, you would hear al-pa. Al-pa. Remember, if it's tricky, if you're thinking, yeah, I thought I kind of heard the lamb in that. What should you be thinking? Definitely, son. If you're thinking, I thought I kind of heard the lamb that. That's because the lamb is kind of close to that letter, therefore it's getting absorbed. Right? I mean, if they're putting the lamb in there, then they're not pronouncing it correctly. Yeah. Yeah. And a native-a native Arabic speaker, I-a native Arabic speaker would-would err on the side of not-of putting moon letters, some moon letters in this category. They wouldn't- err, you wouldn't really hear them say, like, like, because it's more complicated to say, it takes more effort of the tongue to say, versus just combining the two. Right? Whereas in some dialects, in jeem, you'll hear is, gets put in the sun category. So people say, jeem or adjeem. Right? Even though it should be in the moon category. Okay. Place of cough is right in the back of the top of the mouth. El cough, not the tip of the tongue. El cough. El cough. El cough. El lamb. El lamb. Yeah. I mean, it's kind of a tricky one. I mean, because it's a double lamb anyway. But yeah, typically the scholars will say that that lamb, while lamb gets absorbed into lamb, but it's a double lamb anyway, so. Al-meem. Al-meem. Al-meem. Right. On the side. Al-meem. An-noon. An-noon. Al-ha. Al-ha. Al-waow. Al-waow. And finally. Al-ya. Al-ya. Okay. Now we have it. Sun letters, moon letters. So on this next one, you can read Arabic now, right? So what does this say? Anyone translate this into English for me? Translate it into English for me. I'm not sure. I don't understand. El Islam? Is that someone's name? El Islam? How do you translate Islam? How do you say how do you say Islam in English? There's not a right answer here, by the way. There are multiple answers. Okay. Okay. I mean, the Arabic word. Okay. Islam is an Arabic word. How do you say Islam in English? You could say submission. I mean, you could say Islam too. Islam is a perfectly acceptable English word. You could write that in a paper, in an email, and it would be acceptable English, right? Yeah. So translate El Islam for me. There we go. Islam. Yeah. Islam. Alhamdulillah. You can read Arabic now. You can even translate Arabic. Mashallah. Right. Right. So this, repeat after me. El Islam. El Islam. Notice that this right here is a Hamza. Hamza. So it has to be El Islam, not El Islam. El Islam. Now, El Islam. El Islam. Now this one, we have here. What's the first two letters we have here? Eliflam. Right. We have Eliflam. Now what comes after the lamb? Atat. Which category does the tat go into? Sun. So we can put a Shadr here. And now it becomes, can anyone say this word for me? Close. What's the Hadakah? What's the vowel on the close? I heard Atuba. That's very close. Atawba. Everyone say for me. Atawba. Atawba. Anyone heard of Tawba before? Has anyone heard of Tawba before? Raise your hand. Okay. Those who have, what does it mean? Right. Repentance. Repentance. Atawba. Atawba. Repentance. Or the repentant. Now, this last one, once again, we have Eliflam. Then what comes after the lamb? The where is Ra? Sun or moon? Sun. So how do we say this? Anyone? What does the rahmah mean? Mercy. Right. The mercy. I mean the mercy of Allah or like the mercy that Allah has. Okay. And then finally, these three words over to the left here in the green. There's a difference between, well, yeah, of course, there's a difference here. Or there's a difference between the first two. The first one, someone tell me how to say the first one. It's a fatha on there, not a dhamma. But what did you hear? Right. Atab. Everyone say for me. Atab. Atab. Do you know what you said? Yes, Meen? Or what I heard? Not quite. Not quite. What I heard, well, it almost seemed like it was, that was, you were saying this one. How does this one sound different from that one? Elif is going to be the same for each. Elif isn't Elif. Sorry. On a shada on the what? Exactly. Taa. Right here. Taa is sun-letter. Therefore, that lamb is going to be absorbed into that. So this is not el-tab. It's not el-tab. This right here is up above. Atab. Everyone say for me. Atab. Atab. But this one, at-tab. At-tab. Make sure there's a shada on the top, right? One more time. At-tab. At-tab. At-tab. At-tab. At-tab. At-tab. At-tab. At-tab. Right. Like, as-a. As-a. As-a. As-a. As-a. Good. Now, how do we say this, this guy right here? First of all, break it up. Okay. We've already done this. How do we say that one? Not just at-tab, but there's a shada on the top. At-tab. Okay. Now, how do we say what's fi? Okay. Now put them together. Good. Not fi at-tab. But what do we call this symbol right here? Hamzat el-wasul. Everyone say for me again. Hamzat el-wasul. Hamzat el-wasul. So, literally the Hamza of continuing. So, if there is a vowel before it, that Hamza goes away. So, it's not fi at-tab. It's fi-tab. Fi-tab. Right. Everyone say this for me. Fi-tab. Fi-tab. Right. It's like how Allah is in addition to being al-rahman. He's al-rahim. But when we say in Bismillahirrahmanirrahim, we have what's happening. We have al-rahmani. There's a vowel coming before al-rahim. So, it's not al-rahmani al-rahim. It's al-rahmani al-rahim. Bismillahirrahmanirrahim. Right. Everyone say that for me. Al-rahmani al-rahim. Al-rahmani al-rahim. Right. Yes. Did we put one here, Thadirah? Exactly. Exactly. Anytime there's a sun letter, any time you have an Alif lamb followed by a sun letter, you put a Shadda on the sun letter to show that that lamb is being absorbed into that sun letter. Good. Any more questions on it? Okay. For the Shamsi letters. Right. Right. That's another way to think about it. I suppose. If you have this, I mean, in pronunciation, if you were to write down directly how you'd pronounce it, it would basically be like this. Right. Since there's a Shadda here, that's what you're saying, right? Yeah. Since you're having a Shadda there, the lamb gets absorbed into the sheen. Therefore, there's a Shadda there. So, in pronunciation, you could write a Shadda is that first letter without a haraqa followed by that first letter with a haraqa, with a vow. Right. And so a sheen plus a sheen means a double sheen, a Shams. But you'd never see anything written out like that in Arabic that's combined to be a Shadda. Anyway, let's get onto the new stuff, the exacting stuff. So, basically four things to talk about today, kind of extra symbols to go through, I suppose. And these symbols, we've pretty much seen all these symbols before. It's just different kind of uses or combinations of things that we need to go over. So first, let me make some kind of table here. The first we have Alif Maksura. This is the name for it. Everyone say Alif Maksura. Right. This is how we write that. The path of the name in Arabic. Maksura, Maksura. Everyone say Alif Maksura. Alif Maksura. What this is is, okay, this symbol only happens at the end of a word, only ever at the end of the word. And we've pretty much seen this symbol before. What it is, is, is the symbol. When a word, when the letters connecting to this at the end. What, what does that look like? What does that look like? It looks like a yeah, but what's the difference? No two dots underneath or no line, i.e. two dots connected. Right. Nothing underneath. And so Alif Maksura is written like this. And if, if the letter that comes before it is not, doesn't connect to it, then, then we'll see it like, we'll see it like that. So it's a yeah without dots. It's a yeah without dots. But what's the name of it? Alif Maksura. So how do you think you pronounce it? If the name is Alif Maksura, how do you think you pronounce it? And you guess it? It's an Alif, but just written a different way. That's what's going on. It's an Alif. If you were to hear it spoken, it would sound like any other Alif. But it only happens at the end of a word and it's written like this for a particular reason. There's a particular kind of origin for that. It gets down to the origin of the word and the root and something in that, in that a yeah is part of the root and it has been changed. The vowel has changed to a, to a, to an Alif from an E to an A. But anyway, there's a reason why it's a yeah without dots. But the main thing is that we know how to read it. We know that when we see this symbol, we know it's just, it's an Adif. So example, let's see if this red pen works. Nope. You have to stick the green. Alhamdulillah. One of the favorite colors of the Prophet, please keep on him so I can't complain. Example, on or upon. We want to say on or upon as in like peace and praise on Muhammad. What do we say? On, upon. Everyone say for me on, on, on. So it's the same. If we were to write out, actually this is, this is a word in Arabic too. This, we write them out, they look different. But they're actually two, they sound exactly the same if we were to pronounce them. But they're actually two different words in Arabic too. Distinguished. But the sound is basically the same. It's a-la. This one is a-la. And this one is a-la. Same. If we were to transliterate it, we'd write it the same too. A-la. The difference is it's, it's written differently in the Arabic. Here we have an alif maqsura. Here we just have a normal alif. Same thing, a-la. A-la. It means to be, to be high. A-la. Yeah. Yeah, it's an alif. It's an alif right here. So both would be transliterated as with a double a at the end. You're right. Both would be transliterated that way. So it sounds exactly the same. Another example. The word guidance. Here we have it. Guidance. How do we say guidance in Arabic? Good. Everyone. Any questions about that? About the alif maqsura? Yes. Like I said, there's a reason that gets down to the origin of it. The root of the word. Something like that. Yeah. As you go on in Arabic, you'll start to see why. Yes. Yep. Yep. That should be the name. I believe so. Yeah. Yeah. This is often, actually, often common to see on the end of female names actually. Like leila. Leila. The female name Leila. That's it right there. Leila. Okay. That's one symbol. Alif maqsura. Next. Next we have alif maddah. Everyone say for me. Alif maddah. Alif maddah. Okay. This symbol, it's a type. It's actually a type of hamsa. It's a type of hamsa. What happens when we have, if we have a hamsa plus an alif, if we want to express this somehow, normally when we write in hamsa, it can sit on top of an alif. But remember, we're saying that when we see this symbol, there's a fatha on it. Is that an alif right there? How would we say just this right here? It's not an alif itself. It's a hamsa sitting on an alif. So this is a hamsa with a fatha. It's not, there's no alif. It's just a fatha right now. So if we want to express when there is actually an alif there, hamsa plus an alif, this is the symbol that we use. It's an alif with a squiggly over it like that. That's the alif manda. Like that. So example, depression in Arabic. Depression is right there. So if we were to translate this out, first of all, what's the first symbol that we have? It's a kaaf. Then what's on the kaaf? A fatha. And then what's the next symbol? Alif manda comes after the kaaf. So the alif manda is, it's a hamsa plus an alif. Hamza plus an alif. And then what comes after the alif manda? Baat. And what's on the baat? Fatha. And then finally, tamar buta. Right, since there's no vowel on it, we pronounce it like a ha. If we haven't put a vowel on there, otherwise it would be pronounced like a. I get that. Right. So this is it right here. How do we say this? Good. Everyone, kaaba. Kaaba. Kaaba. Right. So this right here is hamsa plus an alif. How do we say, how would we say this right there? Not quite. What does this mean? How is this different from that? Just a what? Just an a. Right. This is just a fatha. The hamsa is on the seat of an alif, but it's just a fatha. The alif is a seat for the hamsa, but it's not really an alif there. Okay. So this would be kaaba. Kaaba. Everyone say for me. Kaaba. Kaaba. Once we put, you know, we could, you know, we could put, could put a sikun over there, which would be kaaba. Kaaba. Remember, if you see a hamsa on the seat of an alif, it doesn't mean there's an alif there. It means there's a hamsa there. And so if you see that there's a sikun on that, hamsa sitting on the top of an alif, it means that there's nothing coming after that. So this would be, notice that's, that's not the place that we worship. Oh, not the place that we worship. Oh, the direction of worship. That's the apostrophe is going the other way in the transliteration. This would be the kaaba. Kaaba. It's an Ain. It's in Makkah. So this is not how we say the kaaba, the house of Allah, but kaaba. Kaaba. Kaaba. That's right there. Right. But if we were to put the mad symbol over it, it becomes, how do we say that again? Kaaba. Everyone again. Kaaba. Kaaba. Kaaba. If we were just a hamsa over there, kaaba. Kaaba. Good. And this mad, if we want to write mad in Arabic, that's how it's written. Right? Mad. Mad. With a fatha over the meme and a sikun over the dab. But I've been told this is kind of how it comes from. See this? See this right here? Mad, if we were to write out the word mad. Now look at this. You kind of see that? Kind of. I've been told that's kind of how, where it comes from. That symbol. It's not just a squiggly line, but it has actually, there's a reason. Right. Now, what did I say about when we have this? Uh, you know, I'll put it here. We have this. Is that an adiv? What is that? That's a hamsa. Okay. Since you're all good students, intelligent students. Now, tell me, apply that knowledge. Think outside of the box. Extrapolate. And tell me what that is right there. Good. This is also a hamsa. That's a hamsa too. Is it a wow? No. It's a hamsa on the seat of a wow. Yes. What about that? What's that? Good. You're learning. This is also a hamsa. Hamza on the seat of a yeah. Only when it's, when it's written on the seat of a yeah, you don't find the two dots under it. For some reason, although it's the seat of a yeah. So these can all happen in the middle of a word, at the end of a word. Remember, at the beginning of a word, at the beginning of a word, you will only see, no matter what the vowel is, no matter what that short vowel is on the hamsa, you will only ever see it on the seat of an adiv at the beginning of a word. Al-Islam, al-Islam, even though it's a kasfat, we still see it written like this, only the, the hamsa goes below the adiv. Al-Islam, or if it's a dhamma too, al-Oom, al-Oom, it's still the seat of an adiv. But if it's in the middle of a word or at the end, you can see the hamsa on the seat of these different vowels. Now, there's a reason for which kind of seat hamsa it goes on. That gets complicated. We're not going to go into that for now. But now, just be able to see that when, when you see this, you know, it's a trick, right? You see the wow, you see the alif, you see the yeah, without dots written that, and you're like, it's a trick, it's a hamsa, it's a hamsa. So all it means is that there's a hamsa there. So, for example, something that glass in Arabic is, how do we say this? Okay, everyone say for me, cats. Cats. Cats. Now, glass is, the plural of cats is close, close. What's the first vowel? Here we go. Yeah. No, no, no, no, no. The only time you would see you would see a hamsa below something is below the alif in the beginning of a word. You'd never see it below an alif in the middle of a word or at the end. And you'd never see it. And you'd never see it. I mean, there might be some kind of stylistic ways in which you might see it, but pretty much, no, the standard way. And you'd never see it below a wow or below a yeah. Yeah. Right. And so this has to do with the hamsa, all of this, all of this is just hamsa. So as, as I've had some teachers do it, okay, right here. What's my name right now? Oostad, Oostad what? Okay, my name right here is Oostad Adrian. Now, now what's my name? What's, yeah, okay, my name's Oostad Adrian, but, but I'm sitting on the minbar. No, no, no, no, I'm not getting that coming. Oostad Adrian. My name's still Oostad Adrian. Right? What about what about when I'm sitting up at the top step? What's my name now? Oostad Adrian. Exactly. It doesn't matter what seat I'm on. My name is still Oostad Adrian, right? That's the point. Okay. Okay. It doesn't matter what seat the hamsa is on, it's still a hamsa. And it's just a hamsa. There's a reason it has a particular seat, but that'll come later. Yes. Okay. You can't just put it on any seat you feel like, right? You, if there's a hamsa in a word, typically you have to kind of memorize the word itself. And then sometimes you'll see that the hamsa is just on the line anyway, at the end or in the middle of a word. It can be just on the line. But basically, just know that when you see it, it's a hamsa. President in Arabic. President. How do we say president in Arabic? Good. Orais. Everyone say for me. Orais. Right? Orais. See? So here, the hamsa is on the seat of a, yeah, but that yeah doesn't have dots. When the hamsa is on the seat of a yeah, it doesn't have dots just like here. Long yeah, but no dots underneath. So almost looks like hamsa is sitting on the seat of a what? Of an Aleph Mosul, right? Yeah. Almost. Now finally, one final symbol for today. It's called the Daga Aleph. Daga Aleph. When Arabic Aleph Al-Khanjariya means the same thing. Daga Aleph. This in Arabic, when you want to say this, this, it's not just Hatha, Hatha, but Hatha, Hatha. So note what's going on. I'm not even though it's a long A, even though there's an Aleph in there, the Aleph is not written as a letter. The Aleph is written as a Daga Aleph. What that means is that the Aleph is not a special letter in itself. It's become a vowel. It's become an extra vowel that's written around around the letters somehow. What this means, once again, just like the Aleph Maksura, it's written differently but pronounced the same. When you see this, you know there's an Aleph there, only it's not written as a letter with the other letters. Hatha. Everyone say this to me? Hatha. Hatha. What's an important way, now this is where it gets exciting too, an important way, important word in which this occurs. What's that right there? Allah. Allah. Right? Not Allah. Allah has some English speakers who would like us to believe. Allah. You worship Allah? No, we worship Allah. Everyone say for me again, my favorite word, Allah. Allah. There we have it, putting all this together. Allah. First we have Ali Flam and the first symbol in Allah is a Hamza Tawwassu. It's Ali Flam and then that lamb after the lamb is another lamb and so those get combined to have a Shadda. Now Allah. There's an Aleph in that but it's never written. It's not written. Allah. Allah. It's a dagger. Ending with A. What's the final symbol? Not a Tamabuta because there are no dots over it. Allah is not feminine. Although, you know, I have heard, I have heard it said that there's the hat there which almost looks like a Tamabuta which is an indication that Allah is, conceptually Allah is beyond gender. He doesn't have a gender. But we have to describe him in some way and therefore we use in English, in Arabic, we use a masculine pronoun. So Allah is masculine in grammatically but not masculine in conceptually in terms of when thinking about him. Even though we say him, it gets complicated when we try to express these things in our own language. Yeah. Ah, good question. Good question. Okay. Here we're getting to some exciting stuff. Okay. What's the name of this letter right here? Or this one? Lamb. Lamb. Then why don't we say Allah. Allah. Allah. Do we ever hear that in Allah's name? Allah. Do we ever hear that when we're saying Allah's name somewhere? Do we hear that? Allah. How do we say thanks be to God? Alhamdulillah. How do we say in the name of God? Bismillah. Not Bismillah. No. Bismillah. Okay. What's going on is that lamb in itself, non-emphatic. We say lamb. We don't say lamb. Lamb. Lamb. Except lamb is non-emphatic except in one word and in that one word only in well in according to certain circumstances. Right. That one word is Allah. Allah. This word itself because Allah is just, I mean, he's, it's beyond everything. Right. So for one, the vowel in his name is a deeper. It's a fuller vowel that we have Allah. And so unlike lamb in any of the places, this lamb is emphatic. This lamb is, is emphatic in this case. So that the alif after it is going to be ah. Everyone say that for me again. Allah. Allah. Okay. So, so it's an ah sound after that lamb. Except, except when we have a kasra or a yat before that. So, Bismi, Bismillah. Bismillah. For certain linguistic reasons when we have a kasra coming before Allah's name, because Allah's name starts with Alhamdulillah. So this, this sound the ah in Allah. It's going to go away when there's, when there's a vowel before it. And if that vowel before is ih, i.e kasra or yat, ih or i, then the lamb is no longer going to be emphatic. And the ah goes to a, hence we say Bismillah. Alhamdulillah. Alhamdulillah. Allah. Alhamdulillah. Okay. And then here we have a shahada too. And this will be, this will be what I end on. InshaAllah we'll have a few minutes for, to go over some examples and things. And what a beautiful thing to end on. First, what's this first, first word? We just go word by word. What's this first word? La. Remember la, I'm at it written like this. Everyone say for me la. La. And then what's this one? Right, Hamza the kasra over. What's the, what's the whole word? Ilaha. Everyone say for me ilaha. Ilaha. Right, the vowel in the middle. Yes, it's an alif but it's an dagga alif. It's a dagga alif. It's not written out on the page or along, it's not written out along with the letters on the line. It's an extra, it's a vowel marking. La ilaha. What's the third word? Illa. Illa. Right, it's not going to be illa because the lamb is not emphatic. There's only one case in which it's emphatic. La ilaha. Illa. Illa. And then the final word, Allah. So when we combine these last two words, this is a Hamza the wassal. So it's not going to be illa, Allah. Illa, Allah. No, how do we put them together? Illa, Allah. Illa, Allah. Everyone say for me Illa, Allah. Right, the combination of the words illa, everyone after me, illa, illa. And then Allah, Allah. Illa, Allah. Illa, Allah. So la, everyone after me, la ilaha, illa, Allah. La ilaha, illa, Allah. La ilaha, illa, Allah. La ilaha, illa, Allah. La ilaha, illa, Allah. There we have it. Our entire face, now we can read it in Arabic. And inshallah I'll get a little closer to realizing what it really means to be people of la ilaha, illa, Allah. Now our grant us to tell faith to achieve that and realize that in our lifetime. Any questions about that? About what I wrote up on the board? I mean if you have questions about la ilaha, illa, Allah you might have to go in our shade. But no, I mean, or not. SubhanAllah our faith is so simple. And that's all it is, all Islam is la ilaha, illa, Allah. And we say the second part of the shahada, Muhammadur Rasulullah, because the second part of the shahada is in reality, it's actually the same thing as the first, la ilaha, illa, Allah. If we understood what la ilaha, illa, Allah meant, we'd understand that also Muhammadur Rasulullah. Because Muhammadur Rasulullah is just another manifestation of la ilaha, illa, Allah. Anyway, that's something else I get into. La ilaha, illa, Allah. Okay. As usual, start with intention. Imam, I'm going to start. La ilaha wa marzatihi wa qurbihi wa thawabihi subhanahu wa ta'ala. O opener, O all-knowing one, grant us an opening soon. In the name of Allah, the all-merciful, the compassionate. Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and blessings and peace upon our master Muhammad, his family, and his companions. I intend to study and teach, to remember and remind, to profit and bring profit, to benefit and bring benefit, to encourage holding fast to the book of Allah and the way of his messenger, to call to guidance, to direct towards good, and to aim for the countenance of Allah and his pleasure, his nearness and his reward exalted be he. Before we start, a few kind of housekeeping items, I suppose is the general term. In looking at the syllabus, I was thinking about what to do in the next few weeks, because we have a bit more material to cover now today, and then it's on the schedule, is four weeks of review of our material. One of the reasons I put those four weeks of review and practice is because I didn't actually think I would get through the alphabet as quickly as I wanted to, and yet subhanallah, it happened. So that was partly to give myself some assembly way, and so we weren't, I didn't have to extend class after, after those weeks, but it did happen, alhamdulillah. And another reason was just to allow time there to apply all this knowledge, apply everything that we go over, because often we go over this material, and then kind of left to ourselves to put it all together, and I want to make sure as much as possible that I can help all of you by putting everything together. And so I was thinking about what to do in the next few weeks, and I actually kind of came to the conclusion that, well, it might be best not to go the full four or five weeks. And so since this is something that I committed to you, that we would be doing this, I want to get your input on this as well. I have an idea that we finish up just a few things today. Then for the next session, we go over surat al-Fatiha and everything that's said, try to get through everything that's said in the salah in all the different positions, make sure we're pronouncing things correctly, and looking at the Arabic there. So that would be next week, then the week after that, so in two weeks time, kind of working collectively and individually on whatever you want to work on, personally, if there are suras or things that you would like to work on, then we can work through that. And then any questions about any of the material and stuff and some review. And then in three weeks time, having the assessment there. So basically moving the assessment up two weeks, taking two weeks out of the schedule. So we finish two weeks earlier. How does everyone feel about that? Does anybody want the extra weeks to keep going? What are you thinking? I'm seeing lots of nods. I don't really know what the nods are. Yeah, yeah, that's always been an option. Yeah, I mean, you take the assessment as many times as you want, you just have to coordinate with me as to when and how. You see? Okay, wait, sorry, would we? What I did last term was during that period that was for the assessment, I went through the assessment and by the end of the course, the course started with about 20 people, by the end of the course, there were four people. Three of those people, the TAs who you've seen around. Tanaya excuses herself, she apologized that she couldn't be with us today. She had something come up. And so when I did that assessment, it was just four people. And so we did the assessment and then I went over the assessment individually with each person if they didn't get something quite correct and we talked about it right then in that setting. And so would that be adequate for you as well? Okay. Right, right, yeah, yeah, there would definitely be feedback on the, yeah, I'm not just going to take the assessment and be like, oh no. Yeah, any other comments or questions? Yeah, I mean, I kind of, I want to set a time to do the assessment just to have that in mind. But I've always said from the beginning that if you want to take the assessment at another time, you can, you just have to kind of schedule it privately with me. And so if that's what you want, then fine. Would there be any interest in leaving two weeks in between the last day of review and the assessment to give people time to study or something? Or should we just do the assessment the next week? Yeah, okay. Yeah, that works. Okay. So we'll go with that. Inshallah. I'll email all this, all this out to you and the details. Make sure everyone else who's not here right now who's still following the course, that they have it too. So plan on finishing up some of these things. And next week, next week, the homework will pretty much be just to take a close look at Surat al-Fatiha. Then we'll go through that in class next time, inshallah, and about things things that are typically said during Salah. And then the week after that, any questions that you have, maybe I'll bring up a few other points that kind of maybe brushed over throughout the course, make sure we understand them, and then anything that you want to go through personally, individually, and then assessment after that. So having the assessment on the 13th of May, instead of the 27th as is on the syllabus. So the amount of material that we have to cover today, like I said before, it's just a few minor points. If I wanted to, I could pretty much cover it all in five minutes, pretty much. And so I want to just, well, for one thing, allow this, which is all common vicar upon the board, allow this to kind of take us down a direction and talk about things using these bits of vicar. But also I wanted to start with having a conversation about what comes next, and about knowledge in general. You know, often we go through experiences in life. And when we come out on the other end of these experiences thinking, well, you know, I wish I had known this when I started out. I wish someone had told me this or helped me with this thing. Like the, the oft-repeated kind of example of I wish I knew this as a freshman or whoever that says like, yeah, like, there are always things that when we come out with experience, we think, oh, I could have told myself, I myself might have been able to, if only I had the chance to tell myself at the beginning, you know, all these things I would have had a more positive experience. So I thought it might be beneficial as someone who's, who Allah has blessed with, with, with knowledge and on this path through Arabic and for several years to kind of give a few pointers about the, about seeking knowledge and about these kind of things. And inshallah, there'll be some benefit. Just to begin with, I don't make any presumption about about my own standing versus, versus your standing. Many of you may be accomplished having studied in other different areas, but you're just lacking in Arabic, maybe, and that's why you came here. And much of this is also to kind of solidify myself to in a sense almost like talking to myself, reminding myself of things too, because we all can, we all can use reminders in this regard. So a few, a few pointers to, to those of you who, who are thinking about pursuing knowledge and going on and everything. First of all, what are some of the points of pursuing knowledge, knowledge in general? Why would we want to, why would we want to do that? Thoughts on that? You look like you had something to say for career or for a particular subject. Okay, good. Any other thoughts? Why, why pursue knowledge? Knowledge. Okay, let's build off, let's build off that point then. Seeking knowledge for career or for some specific objective like that, specific material objective, every, every knowledge that we seek, it has a reason. Like there's a reason that we're pursuing it. There should be a specific reason. Otherwise we wouldn't, I mean, seeking knowledge isn't easy. So there's something that drives us. So what is the best thing that could possibly drive us? Allah. All right, good. I thought I might have to, you know, pull it out a bit here and there, but you said it well. Allah. The reason it drives us. What is the best knowledge worth knowing? You're doing so well. You're doing so well. Yes, man. You just say that same answer again. Yeah. What is the best knowledge worth pursuing? Knowledge of Allah. There we go. Knowledge of Quran. Yes. Knowledge of Islam. Yes. Insofar that they are knowledge of Allah. Because knowledge of Islam and knowledge of Quran can lead to knowledge of Allah. But too often, especially these days, we get so consumed by everything else that it is so when we're trying to aim ourselves towards the thing that we want, it's so easy to stop at certain things along the way, certain things that should be tools. The tools then become the object of our desire that there are many people out here in this world, many, many, many Muslims. I'm talking from personal experience too. May Allah continue to improve our state. Many Muslims out there who are worshiping, not Allah, are worshiping Islam. It is possible to worship Islam. It is possible to worship the Quran. It is possible for anything that Allah has put in this world in order to help us get to Him. It is possible for that thing to be availed to Him ultimately. If that is our goal, if our goal is to read the Quran, we can read the Quran, but if in that whole equation, if Allah doesn't come into it, it's a waste of time. It's a waste of time. And so this is one, number one common pitfall, not number one in its gravity of what it can do to us, because it can do something for us on our path to knowledge and it can do something for how we understand others who have knowledge as well. In a sense of we can, we have to understand teachers as tools to bring us closer to Allah, to our objective. Too often we, too often they can become veils for us too. And too often the knowledge itself can become a veil to the knowledge of Allah as well. And that there's a reason that Islam has a set structure. There's a reason that the Arabic has a grammar and has a structure. But when the companions were learning their knowledge from Rasulullah A.S., what was fiqh to them? What was fiqh to them? Anyone know what that word meant to them? Means law? In the common usage it means law. What does fiqh mean? Fiqh. This right here. Faqh. Qur'an talks about those who have fiqh. What does that mean? Does that mean they have knowledge of law? That mean they've studied the rules of Tahrir and they've studied the rules of Salah and they've studied the rules of this and they can tell you what's written in that book, in that book. Is that Al-Ladina Yilkahun? One of the basic meanings of fiqh is understanding. Understanding. Having clear understanding. Fiqh. Fiqh is understanding. So fiqh in the time of the Sahaba, may Allah be pleased with them, didn't mean a system of rules. Fiqh meant understanding. And this is what Rasulullah A.S. this is what the Messenger of Allah A.S. taught them. He taught the Sahaba understanding. He didn't go through a list of rules saying okay when this happens you do this, when this happens you do that. It came. Yes we developed those rules from his fiqh. His fiqh was replete with rules but also replete with all kinds of other guidance too that we often forget. What about Shari'a? What was Shari'a in the time of the Sahaba? Anyone know? Yeah go ahead. Right they followed what the Messenger said okay good. The word Shari'a has anyone heard what Shari'a is? Brother Musa. Shari'a is the way, some of them like the way of the Prophet ﷺ and the best way of doing it. Right that's good that's good it's a way. Literally and some of the scholars talk about Shari'a specifically means a way, a path to water, a path to a watering hole. But SubhanAllah you just you look at that, you look at that and you think how many times in our lives has our goal been Shari'a? I want to establish Shari'a in my life, I want to be praying in the best way, I want to be wearing the best kind of clothes in the best way, I want to do this. Yes that's all good, that is all good but as long as that's hollow and that's the only thing that's there it's pointless, it's pointless and we look at that term and what Shari'a means to us today and specifically what what other people think Shari'a means. Often in this country we you know we get so so indignant when when states in the in the U.S. making sure laws against against Shari'a law and we say you know they don't understand which Shari'a law is. Well one of the one of the points that scholars of purification and of the heart science talked about and they they talked about ways that you can figure out the ways that you can learn about yourself, ways that you can learn about about the defects of yourself and how to improve. One of the ways is by listening to what your enemies say about you. That's how you can learn about yourself. Too often we hear what our enemies are saying and we say oh there are enemies they don't know anything but really they often have a very clear perspective. Those people who don't understand us and have an agenda against us. So those in this country who have an agenda against Muslims as they as they see them are against Shari'a law and we say well you don't understand what Shari'a is. Do we really understand what what Shari'a is? Is Shari'a a path to us? Is it a path to our spiritual water or is it an objective that we make? You know I don't I don't want to push so you know I don't want to shatter anything or you know don't get me wrong like I've said before Shari'a is good. Learning how to pray well is good. Learning how to dress well and eat well and make do proper tahada have proper purification will do and everything that's all good but but often we just we just lose sight of the essential and so common pitfall and knowledge is losing sight of the essential and and and having aspirations be mastery of some specific thing for that specific thing and what that engenders I mean first of all it should be enough that it brings about distracting us from the real point of everything which is Allah everything okay that's enough but also what it can also engender is is a a it can also engender failure what happens when when we don't do well on that path to get a specific type of knowledge there there are all of you are here because you don't know something about about Arabic you're here to to learn something about Arabic all of you have your particular issues that you're going to have difficulties with you'll learn some things quickly as you go on an Arabic or whatever you study there are some things that will be hindrances for you and will take a long time for you to get past some of you have particular letters that you're really having trouble with and often doesn't seem like all that you practice it doesn't seem like you're getting better with those letters or it doesn't seem like you're improving and putting everything together putting all that knowledge together for some of you that will never happen there are people there Allah has created people who cannot pronounce the scene even one of the letters that we have in English there are people who just cannot pronounce a scene and so if their objective is to be able to pronounce Arabic well and learn Arabic they're going to be failures they're going to be failures in that but if their objective is Allah then when they succeed it brings them closer to Allah because it allows them to understand things and and access sources that bring them closer to Allah when they fail what happens then you still get closer to Allah perhaps even more when you fail in the certain thing and perhaps you get even closer to Allah then when you succeed because because when that happens we realize how much we're in need of Allah and how much we don't know anything and how much we he provides us with every single thing that we need if only we were to realize it and we realize what the point is that the point isn't me learning how to pronounce the scene correctly the point is me understanding how my struggle to learn the scene is going to bring me closer to Allah and how if that struggle doesn't work out exactly as I wanted it to it's going to bring me closer to Allah regardless because every time we see a defect in ourself that's a window that's a little crack in the walls that we put up around ourselves that's a crack through which light can come when we see that we can't we can't rely on ourselves anymore we can only rely on Allah and the only thing to do is to return to Allah therefore in a path of knowledge every success when we have the right orientation that's why that's why we start every day with uh with with the intentions because as long as that intention is there as long as the intention is there and as long as the beginning is for Allah and the end is for Allah and really what we mean by that is that we realize that the beginning is for Allah and that the end is for Allah because the beginning and the end is for Allah regardless of what we're doing very we are from Allah we belong to Allah we belong to Allah and we are returning to him every moment of our lives so uh if if we're not putting Allah in the beginning in the end we're just in denial of what's actually going on anyway but in a path to knowledge as long as those those things as long as we allow those to be set in their proper place then the whole thing is for is for Allah and the whole thing is it is in its proper place that's one common fit for that's the main thing as I said other common fit for us too is is natural things that you'll see with I mean you could talk about anywhere like in if you go to college they're not going to talk about about that that thing we just we just talked about the point being Allah subhan Allah we have so many people of knowledge these days but subhan Allah we just often as I said the this pursuit of knowledge just brings us even farther from Allah um then then when we started as Imam Abdul Tif mentioned in in the class he had just a few hours ago today so often when when often when we increase in knowledge what we're really doing is increasing in in a vocabulary to to speak about the about the faults that we already had in our mind often often we see this we see this pattern that when there are people in the community or even ourselves you know I can tell you from personal experience I've seen it myself that I go and I learn all the rules of what that allows me to do is is tell myself how everyone else around me is doing would do wrong I can say it specifically I and before I study I'm in a state of thinking you know I don't think everyone else is doing would do right I'm going to learn how to do my would do right then I do learn how to do my would do right and therefore I can say specifically why everyone else is doing that would do wrong that's often a paradigm that you see in in the pursuit of knowledge anyway that's a side note other other considerations as well just just to keep in mind the the diligence is is very important and that we can we can become too dependent on on teachers too and so that's why it's it's exciting for me to see in two weeks inshallah what you will bring to to to the class and to me and say this is this is what I want to know about this is what I want to learn often when we're not given direct things to to do we we don't know what to do with ourselves but that's really where a lot of growth happens when when we're creating work for ourselves to not just to work the others place upon us it's it reminds me of the story of sort of al-baqarah um why is sort of al-baqarah called sort of al-baqarah and remember that the story of al-baqarah first of all what does al-baqarah mean the cow right al-baqarah the cow so what's the what's the story of al-baqarah anyone even if you just remember a few details okay I started worshiping the calf that's I mean it's about the same people right both both those stories both the story of al-baqarah and of the calf al-ajal is um they both have to do with with bani israel with the israelites the tribe of israel but they're slightly different stories al-baqarah the story of al-baqarah is not when when they worship the cow anyone anyone know exactly what happens when when they're called to sacrifice exactly exactly what's happened our lord Allah tells us in the Quran about what happened to bani israel when musa said you have to you have to sacrifice a calf right they said what which one right what color is it which one okay now that we know the color or describe it some more okay now you've described it some more go back to your lord and and say exactly specifically which one it is until they get they have this back and forth back and forth until they finally it's pinpointed the exact cow that they need to slaughter and they're like okay finally now we know now that they don't have to do anything and use their own kind of reasoning and just go with what they were told to begin with that's when they're finally comfortable slaughtering the cow and it says in the Quran that they slaughtered the cow but they almost they almost didn't do it you know they didn't do it with their foot with their full hearts that's often a metaphor that we get stuck into in the pursuit of knowledge that Allah Allah tells us in the Quran Allah tells us know that there is no la ilaha illallah know that there is no god but Allah and oftentimes we're just sitting back and saying well I don't know how to get there okay I suppose like maybe learning some Arabic would bring me closer to Allah's word so I'll start there I know I should I should be learning Arabic I don't really know how though so I'll just wait for my teacher to tell me exactly how to get in this path we need we need a teacher but but we also need a lot of initiative and diligence on on our part so often often teachers specifically in any discipline but specifically Arabic get asked what is the best book for me to study what is the best book for me to study Arabic one of the best answers I heard to this to this question was was related to me from Imam Zayn do you know what he said any guesses what the best what the best book for you to study Arabic by is sorry Quran could you open up a Quran and just learn and learn Arabic from the Quran or would you kind of need need some help in there maybe like some kind of textbook or something a dictionary right yeah I mean yeah good answer good try good try the Quran yes I mean the Quran should be vital to that should be a central point of your pursuit of Arabic but you're not going to be able to really learn Arabic through the Quran you're going to need something to help you some reference guide or something any other ideas I heard that Imam Zayn said the best book for you to study Arabic by is the one that you finish the one that you read from cover to cover there are many ways to different knowledges there are many ways to knowledge of Allah many many different ways and one of the common ways in which we get stuck is by taking a certain path and then getting distracted by the other parts that are around us a path is not Allah it is bringing you to Allah but it is not Allah therefore that path is going to be imperfect and they're going to be strengths and weaknesses of other paths and so if I'm heading if if I'm heading heading to um I don't know North Berkeley from here and I decide that I'm going to take Martin Luther King Boulevard to North Berkeley just go all the way up it does go all the way up pretty much to North Berkeley right does he how much I drive around here anyway so I take I'm going to take MLK to North Berkeley at a side street when when I come to an intersection I might see that there are other cars down a few blocks away maybe I can see all the way to a few blocks down down to telegraph or down to shatter or something parallel roads right and I can see there are other cars there going in the same direction they're heading to North Berkeley too it's in this metaphor of the spiritual path or a path to knowledge it's very easy for me to go see those other cars on that other path say hey they're heading to North Berkeley too and their street isn't you know isn't filled with so so much traffic it looks like and you know they got some good stores along the way the the might be nice driving near oh I'm going to go over there right so now we're on telegraph now we look over and there's there's shatter and like oh that's actually a really nice drive there's some grass there along the side of the street and you know it's not so filled with crazy people like telegraphers I'm gonna you know I'm gonna go over to shatter and then we get to shatter and on and on and on often when when when we take paths to Allah or on any pursuit of knowledge we we see the defects of our own path and that means that that takes us away from from taking that path yes there might be hierarchies in which one book or one teacher or one system is better than another but in general the best book to learn anything is the one that you finish or read from cover to cover because you're not only going to learn that discipline to that book as well you're going to learn some humility there and you're going to realize that that path is imperfect and therefore you don't rely on the book or on the teacher you rely on Allah and as long as you're relying on Allah he'll take you he'll take you to him and so that's also a common a common pitfall thinking oh you know this isn't quite working out excellently I'm gonna try this oh this isn't quite working out excellently I'm gonna try this I'm gonna try this one going back and forth street to street street to street street to street and we're not going in the direction we need we need to be going in that's another common pitfall and then finally um sometimes we we also lose our humility and we think we can do everything ourselves too okay wow now that now that I know the alphabet I'm upset I can just pick up a grammar book and I've got it you know I got the alphabet down yeah I mean that kind of knowledge couldn't be transmitted in a book because it's about pronouncing and you know reading certain things I needed someone to help me but now that I've gotten that down now you know I can I can I can do this on my own that's another pitfall too if we look at our history the history of our umma the history of our revelation we as Muslims are a community of knowledge but we are not a community of books and it is very easy for us to forget that that a lot of us get into the mode of thinking okay if I read Quran then I read Sahih Bukhari then I read Sahih Muslim then I read this then I read that that's my that's my path to Allah but what was the best generation of our umma indeed of this world what was the best generation what are they known as what's their name the Sahaba right the Sahaba what the what does Sahaba mean companions right the Sahaba were who they were because of their companionship not because they studied a specific thing or got a specific knowledge if Allah wanted if if the book was the point if the Quran in between two covers is the point Allah could have just sent it down it could have just dropped out of the sky and people started reading it would start reading it and then thinking and then they'd start fixing their lives and that would be that but the shahadah is not a shahadu Allah ilahe illallah wa a shahadu anna al qurana kitab Allah the shahadah is not I testify that there's no god but Allah and that the Quran is the book of Allah what's the shahadah shahadu Allah ilahe illallah wa a shahadu anna muhammad an abduhu wa rasubu anna muhammad an rasul Allah testify that muhammad is the prophet of Allah that's the key that's what we need we need Allah then we need the prophet of Allah we need Allah and we need the teacher to bring us there someone who already realizes something and therefore can help us realize something for ourselves too in any area of life this works this is this is one of the hidden wisdoms in which you know we we think we've advanced so much because now we have we have so much knowledge alhamdulillah and we have the system of harakat and do you remember me telling you at the at the beginning of the course that Arabic as it was originally written was without vowels and even without dots this came later after after the the Quran was was spreading people started making mistakes the scholars realized they said okay some of them at least said people are starting to make mistakes we need to start coming up with a system that will preserve this knowledge because the Sahaba and those knowledgeable people among them or who learnt from them who know the Quran they're starting to die out and we're worried that this knowledge is going to be lost the dots and the vowels and the whole writing system even is not the point the point is what happens in here and everything else is just there to preserve that and to prop it up a bit we forget that too the point is Allah and everything else sharia prayer will do Quran that's all to maintain that and to keep us going on that and so and so if someone wanted to learn learn the Quran in the early generations the whole system was there whereby if someone had basically taught themselves the Quran any other Muslim would be able to tell that instantly because if someone were to take the book of the Quran and learn it from that they'd have all kinds of mistakes in terms of because they wouldn't have the dots they wouldn't have the vowels and so they wouldn't they wouldn't even know how to pronounce the words let alone get the meanings of it and the whole system was that you needed a teacher to bring you through the text and now that we've built up more systems and all these different ways of codifying our religion all these different ways of preserving things we've lost track of what exactly it is that we're supposed to preserve and therefore in everything it's essential that we have a teacher who can help us down the path and and help us get out of ourselves basically you know if i'm really fat and i have an eating problem i'm not going to be able to the most most effective way most sure way of me helping myself is to going to a trainer or someone with experience and saying what do i do with my diet what do i do with my exercise help me along with this and the best trainer is yes the best trainer is the one who will ultimately help you then or ultimately help me be able to be independent with myself yeah that's true but in the beginning and all along that path until i reach my goal i'm going to need that trainer to help me do these things otherwise i'll just i'm the one who got myself in this mess so i'm not going to be able to bring myself out of that we often forget that we think i know exactly what to do with my dean i don't need a sheikh or a teacher or anything like this i know how to purify my heart i know how to do this but we forget that we're the ones who got ourselves in this mess to be in with so we're not the ones who can bring us out we're not as also as imam abdulatif mentioned this just a few hours ago we're all we're all dusty rags and and too much of the time we think that we can clean ourselves by just taking ourselves if by taking ourselves and rubbing ourselves against ourselves right a dirty rag cannot clean itself if you want to clean a dirty rag you don't clean the dirty rag by taking it and rubbing it against itself use another rag to take that dirt off or use some water and some soap something else that will purify it to take that off and you won't even realize how that rag is dirty or or exactly how it's supposed to be fully unless you have another rag to compare it to as well anyway so inshallah there's there's been some some benefit in that may may allow guide us all to him and to what's important and allow us to return to him in every every single second of our lives that is truly a high station and a high blessing from Allah any questions about anything any comments too i want to hear some comments i want to learn from you guys too hi subhanAllah like i said i have a lot of work to do it's it's easy when you're up in front of people to think that you have all the answers and know a lot more but this has its own trials as much as i can inshallah benefit others it's final you have to keep a check on yourself any other comments please great keeping the ultimate goal in mind that's good that's good anything else brother musa you always have good things to say about knowledge or about everything that's a good one what you hear see and read is that supposed to be a need as well we're supposed to be real human so otherwise it won't touch you there are people talking about you know nothing to benefit you you just don't want to be around that company or food that doesn't really benefit you to its fullest anyway as small as it can be don't eat and drink it you know or things that are going to benefit you when you look at it don't look at it so the same thing we're hearing the biggest problems i see is that people they want to practice Islam and they watch their old programs and listen to their old music and i see that as a big contradiction because you actually point to yourself you know old old programs and stuff i didn't like the the stuff that they used to watch they'll be listening to the same old music that they listen to not or there's a good music that they listen to but the music that really it's not but they bring them down and that kind of stuff you know like people come to Islam for example from uh from different backgrounds and they still watching the same old stuff and go with the same old company and they like to practice Islam that's a good point purity of many things and good company good company as the hadith goes that i believe a person is upon the religion of their companion of their friend so let let every one of you pay attention to and think about who you are making your intimate friend any other comments or questions all right so let's finish this material up this one this first one this is all common that we find so what's the first one subhan Allah oh i feel so good to say that okay right sub subhana everyone subhana make sure that that ha is that subhana Allah Allah so put it together remember what's what's this guy here hamsa wassul right so when we take one word in each word individually it's subhana and then Allah but when we put them together it's not subhana subhana Allah no that hamsa goes away hamsa wassul means that it goes away when there's a vowel before it or really when there's any word before it subhana Allah everyone subhana Allah subhana Allah right glorify glory be to Allah or glorified is Allah right now for the next the next one i have to get into just a few points on the new material so there are four particles basically for the most common there are four of them four particles that that have meaning in themselves just like alif lam means the um but in english we say the house the chair the blank two separate words whereas in arabic that join together alif lamb is attached to to to the noun which comes after it similarly there are four particles that have meaning have grammatical uh grammatical function uh really meaning um and um and they're also attached to uh to what comes after them so one is which loosely often translates as uh as so so you'll see you'll see this uh in in the Quran um yeah one example all right the example in red this means no it's a command no notice um this is hamsa to wassul that it begins with right no so in the Quran we find we find this word no everyone say this oh sorry in the Quran there's a there's a part of the Quran that I mentioned just a few minutes ago know that la ilaha illallah know that there is no god but Allah that specific verse is what what happens here it's hamsa to wassul right so is it for one is it if this is hamsa to wassul is it how would we say it right this completely this goes away right there so it's just even though this seat of the hamsa of the hamsa to wassul this alif is still there so literally it's it's pretty much so no that there is there is no god but Allah everyone say this for me so here we have the so we have is added to and and then joined together just like alif lamb is attached to to what comes after it so is is another one so all these all these are particles kind of and so they their meaning really depends on the context but this is an approximate meaning of B is approximately width so so let's jump actually to down here to talk about this what what is this line right here did anyone get a chance to take a look at this yeah this this one right here has anyone not heard this before not heard this sticker okay right la everyone have to meet la hawla wala quwata notice this is a wow with a quwa and then since we have a fatha on the tamabota it's not quwa it's not just a ha since there's a vowel on the tamabota it's pronounced as a turk wala quwata quwata quwata illa now we have what is this it's Allah and then be be and then Allah so for one thing they're joined together it's a particle there is no no change literally or no happening no change and no power except with Allah in Allah be is is often it's hard to translate precisely you kind of have to do it just in context however it is but in Allah with Allah billah illa billah so for one the ba here is joined to Allah for another we don't say be Allah billah billah we say billah even our Allah's name is Allah we talked about in a previous session that the lamb here is emphatic it's the only case in which it will be emphatic in the name of Allah therefore we the vowel that comes after that lamb is or and not everyone are going to say Allah Allah right it's it's emphatic it's mufakham in Arabic except when kasra or yet comes before before that lamb except when we have a kasra or yet before that lamb that's when it goes it it stops being being emphatic that's why we say Bismillah and not Bismillah Bismillah Alhamdulillah because there's a kasra before that there's an e before it and so therefore the emphaticness goes away did you have a question right when it's a vowel yeah yeah when it's a vowel okay one more time any questions about this yeah another particle that's joined to what what comes after it is is what it almost always means and pretty much and so Ashadu Allah ilaha illa Allah what Ashadu Anna Muhammad Rasool Allah means I testify that there is no god but Allah and I testify that that Muhammad is is the messenger of Allah that you'll often you'll often see that and so and but it can also in certain context it can also mean by as in as in an oath by as in as anyone heard wallahi and someone says wallahi like by Allah as in I swear by Allah and then Allah also swears in the Quran too that's the beginning of surat al-duha Allah isn't saying and the morning light and the morning it doesn't make much sense I mean what and the morning right it's by the morning Allah is swearing by by that and by the night right so sometimes it's by but almost always it will be and this is so this is also attached to what comes after it but it's not so important as the others because you don't really see that it's completely attached because wow does not connect to what comes after it right so you can't really tell so here here what and here what you can't really tell that it's there's no space in between them but essentially there's there's no space and then finally we have li notice I'm doing I'm writing the initial forms of the letters here because they're connecting to what comes after them and not the the full standalone forms so li pretty much means four once again approximation because you can't give an exact translation for all these things four or belonging to that kind of thing also in some context to li that's how we say actually before we get to that when I say I'm learning Arabic with the book as in like by the book the book is helping me learn Arabic I will say well first of all the book is el kitab that's the book el kitab el kitab that's what I'm saying I'm learning Arabic through the book or with the book I would say build kitab build kitab just like that that is attached to el kitab when I say I'm learning Arabic for the book as in maybe I mean you know conceptually I could say that like why are you learning Arabic while I'm learning it so I understand the book of Allah right I'm learning Arabic for the book I'm learning Arabic lil kitab if I wrote if I put a li in front of here like that it it doesn't look so so pretty for one here okay also as as we talked about if we have lamb alif we would write it like that and now this looks like la it looks like la as in no la il kitab la il kitab it doesn't it doesn't look so good there might be other reasons for for this other things to consider the main thing is that when you have alif lamb and then you decide to put li in front of it this alif which is the seat of the hamzat al-wassil goes away therefore it's written lil kitab and this is the only one of these four particles that this happens to those lamb the the the seat of the hamzat al-wassil that alif goes away it's dropped out in the writing even though for all of these the hamzat al-wassil goes away in pronunciation anyway but it's still written now we still see it written so we still have the hamzat al-wassil right here in but if we're saying lilla the hamzat al-wassil goes away therefore we see over here what's this right here good answer too yeah this right here is is hamzat al-wassil but right I meant the whole the whole phrase al-hamdu lilla therefore for Allah is right there lilla lilla and this is also something powerful about the name of Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala Allahu Allah if you reduce this down first now we have Allah God right Allah say you decided to take away from the name of Allah take that away look I've taken something away from the name of Allah what have you actually done when you take away a letter from the name of Allah you end up with lilla which means for Allah you've actually added something so you try to reduce Allah and you end up actually getting the reverse you're confounded okay that's just an interesting point Allah to take away that alif seat you get lilla now if you want to take it further too no we haven't covered this but you take away the lamb now you get this is lahu which means literally for him for him so you still have a meaning here first we had lilla he well first we had Allah then we had lilla he so first we had God then for God now you take away the lamb we had for God now we have for him which is pretty much the same meaning lahu you take away the lamb you have what who who means he in Arabic or whoa sometimes whoa if you were completely if you were to say the last vowel on on the word it would be whoa but the basic sound if you're stopping on it is who that means he in Arabic a lot is irreducible in his essence irreducible then also you know you get interesting notes on on that name too now that we know how to write Allah in Arabic we can see that if you take a this is an interesting one I heard of when I was when I was doing Amra in Saudi Arabia um if you photocopy your hand like just wait a minute right here you take you take a snippet there it pretty much says Allah does anyone kind of see that if you look at your hand did anyone heard that before yeah yeah oh yeah yeah and then there's that too and then I've heard right 18 in Arabic numerals we haven't gone over the numerals actually but you're right 18 in Arabic numerals then 81 you add them together you get 99 as in the 99 names of Allah right anyway okay so that those are these particles any questions about about these particles anything yes yeah you'd kind of have to know have to know the word but um but you should you can typically tell from from context right so for example the word fiqh the fa is is part of the root it's not we're just I'm not just adding the fat because for one it's not fa with a fatha it's it's got a casker on it um also state um to a certain extent a synonym of fiqh as we were talking about it is fahm fahm also means understanding um here we have fat right but if this weren't part of the word and we just have right which that can't really be a word ha and mean with with no vowel in between them it can't really be a word so we know that fahm is the four is the four word right so I mean in different ways you figure out in context which um whether a particular letter whether it's it's this particle or this this letter is part of of the original word and it's not something added to it right um the spacing isn't really a big deal I mean yeah and in general I mean yeah you should be paying attention to um two spaces so for example um here wait what's a better example um okay yeah right here uh we have this word okay moham uh now this is the best example I guess um so the dial does not connect to to what comes after it um so if this this is two words right here I testify that um we we want to make sure there's there's space there because um it would if we're not putting much space in between the letters then it looks like this would be all one word which it could possibly be because the dial would not connect to that I live with with a hamsa on it it would look it would look the same with last space so we want to make sure there's some space there does that kind of cover your question okay yeah so do make sure that there's space in between words right and now the final kind of point that I wanted to cover or new bit of material is that which is called ten wean in Arabic ten wean actually I'm going to write the name now that now that we all know Arabic alhamdulillah I'll write the name of it in Arabic ten wean ten wean in the intentions that we read we have the word taalim taalim teaching taalim means teaching the root of it is e'ain lam meem e'ilm knowledge root of teaching is knowledge but but the word that's produced from it is taalim this is in a similar form ten wean so the root of the word is ten wean is noon wow noon right here if the root of this word ten wean is this what does this say right here noon noon right ten wean just as taalim means to to make someone have e'ilm to give someone knowledge to teach means to give knowledge right or to make someone knowledgeable make someone have knowledge ten wean literally means to to make have noon to make have noon often in in early like English books written about Arabic grammar they say noon eight to noon eight a word what this means is the ten wean is a type of um uh it's a type of vowel symbol basically what you'll see is that we learnt we learnt the haraqat we learnt the three vowel symbols we can do something additional with them we can double them so you'll often see this written out now when you see the double vowels written out that does not mean double the short vowel i.e a long vowel when you see two dummers next to each other that doesn't mean that it's u plus u meaning u this is not equivalent this is not equivalent to a wow this is not equivalent to a kasra etc what it means is that it's that vowel followed by noon when you see this symbol the way you say it is right yes that's right that's right fatah and so so one final thing to to note here is that um is that you'll see you'll see these three symbols the double dumma double fatah double kasra um the double fatah actually needs a seat of an alif it's the one ten wean that needs a seat of an alif okay what does that mean that means that when i say uh when i say uh it like in the intentions iftah lana fathan the word is fatah fatah means an opening now the vowels that come at the end of words have to do with grammatical function and so it doesn't really change the the the meaning of the word it changes its its placement in the sentence the way that it's functioning in the sentence the grammar to do with it is the reason that we we have these these ten wean symbols um on the end and so when i say uh grant me an opening or open me an opening literally in the open for us an opening in the intentions iftah lana fathan fathan this is what happens i put double alif up there ten wean or double fatah ten wean fatah but ten wean fatah is uniquely it needs actually the seat of of an alif just like how hamza needs a seat ten wean al fatah uh almost always needs needs the seat of an alif so fathan fathan fathan mubi anan so that that doesn't mean once again that doesn't mean this is an alif right here it means it's a seat for the ten wean of fatah mubi anan yes question okay yeah um another point is that um since the the alif is is written here um what that means is that we don't uh when we stop on a word we don't say the vowel at the end of that word um and therefore if if we stop here there's an alif written and so if we're stopping there then it becomes a it's it's an alif we stop saying an alif even though it's not really an alif there that's kind of a a minor point that might get a little complicated right now so if we're reciting the tajweed then then i say fathan mubina fathan mubina if i stop there if i say if i stop here i say fatha fatha i say it as an alif but if i'm going on i would say the the ten wean that fathan mubina fathan mubina right yes that's what i'm saying that's what i'm saying yeah yeah in a general rule when pronouncing the best arabic and especially when reading quran is that you don't you don't say the the last vowel on that word you don't say the last vowel on that word right and so here an example um and we're almost done so if you're going slightly over okay someone tell me what what is this right here what does this say good everyone say for me Muhammadin Muhammadin what is what does this say right here right if we're saying all the vowels out Muhammadi Muhammadi right now Muhammadin what does this say Muhammadu right now this Muhammadun right Muhammadun and then finally Muhammada now if i add another fatha what do i need to actually put on the end i need an alif seat for that so what is this right here right Muhammadan Muhammadan okay so finally we'll end with the with the shahada i've written this out and now it's it's our turn to together put the vowels in uh actually if i could have a courageous volunteer to first of all let's say abduhu okay so now everyone is going to have to do something like about two words so so first person okay this means go ahead yeah just tell just tell me what is exactly this one the shahada is on the alif instead of the lamb can we put a shahada on an alif no no not quite the shahada oh you mean it was it is i think it's no i think it's i think it's in the right place yeah it's right above the lamb for both of these alla idaha illa right any any quick corrections yes good yeah you should yeah if you're putting all the other vowels in you need to put sequin always need to put sequin yeah one more thing in this word not quite the shahada is la ilaha illa Allah la ilaha illa Allah this right written right now is la ilaha illa Allah ilaha ilaha but la ilaha illa Allah it's what the little alif the dagger alif as it's usually called right just like in Allah we have we have a dagger alif here there's one in ilaha ilaha and then finally Allah it's a um it's a hamsa thawasum right okay so everyone Ashhalu Ashhalu Allah ilaha illa Allah Allah Any questions on it okay See you next week inshallah To you Was Salamu Alaikum Wa Rahmatullahi Wa Barakatuh