 All right, we have come to the end of our second round, which means it's time for the final round. And those are the questions that I hope you guys will find most exciting. Those are the questions that have come from the audience. You give us some really good books. Some students in the audience want to know, for our history, how would you alter the current history books for new generations? They'd like to know of our representative of language and literature, what one book you would preserve aside from the Bible. They'd like to know what song you guys sing to get yourself pumped up in the morning. They would also like to know if you would plant, if you would find a Planned Parenthood. We can have opportunities for all those questions later on, but we've got a select few to go with tonight. And our first question from a student is this. I think we will start with Dr. Adams at this point. Understanding the materials that are necessary for your fields, how will you continue to advance, teach, or demonstrate your specialties if you no longer have the materials or technology needed for your subject of study? There are no machines, no books, no paper, no pencils. So I think that, and just at the end of the day, we can actually, as humans and biologists, follow along the nuances of the history as well as those who are in humanities, the loud one that marches in literary information. And that's about telling stories. I think that at its fundamental and at its very roots, the visual, if it's about humans or humans, we're not given any resources to relate the information we need to understand molecular structure, as well as how they interact with each other. I think that we have to resort to our own brain or the fact that we have developed as humans in our human ability to think and communicate that word of mouth at its fundamental. That's how this got started in the first place. And then it is resolved that one of the views is wet. You know, there were very few resources in that brain. So I think that that talking, teaching, one on one, I'm sorry, would be not only the most effective, but it would probably be the one way that we'll truly work because the compassion as a chemist and the compassion that I feel and the work that I'm trying to teach to my students would be shot at any other work. We could not be shot at any better than that. At least to answer the same question? Yes. Everyone's answering this question. So you say there's nothing, there's no passion, there's the most nothing? No machines, no books, no paper, no pencils. Okay, that's another question I'll pass. Yeah. So it's all about memory and what we've got, and what we've contained. So the way that, as I've said, history is about the future is really to have that transmitted from your memory into the future, but also how to build the future based on that set of human skills that you learn by studying the human in its actual condition, in its actual behavior. Not a visual behavior on the other hand, it's not a type of literature, because literature actually goes even deeper into the human condition, but of how they actually have it. And so even without those books, said the book that the protagonist of Time Machine tries to grab crumbles in his hands, but he is that connection. And that connection will be you once you have learned the skills of history and you will have retained that, transmitted to these, whatever there will be, zombies, evoys, warlocks, but that's what you will have to tell them how to do it and how to get there with the point you need to add for slide. Thank you. The beauty of that biology is it's alive. So the easiest way to teach biology without everything else that we typically use to teach us is to use the organisms that we study, whether they be plants, whether they be the bacteria that may be on your food or not on your food, so that in a new world like this, you begin to understand critical aspects of microbiology and food safety. We can study organisms to understand how they function, how they interact with each other, so that we can understand biology at its base without the need for all of the other tools that we've lost. So I think I may actually have the easiest job in that context. Literature has been around before they were from our paper and pencils. So literature has been around and storytelling has been around since the time that humans decided to start writing stories on the walls of caves. And so we'll either start there again or we'll keep our stories alive via oral tradition, which is also the beginnings of all literary traditions. They all go back to oral storytelling. And it will encompass all of the knowledge that we have. We'll tell stories about everything that we know. And the way that we'll be able to remember it is by copying stories around it. I can throw a bunch of facts at you, but you won't remember a list of random facts unless I tie a narrative that makes sense around them. Second question coming from our audience. And I like this one. We will start with Dr. Grigio on this one. That's great. If you had to pick another area of expertise, another field of study, besides your own, that would be needed in a post-apocalyptic world, which would you pick? I should say now these people will rise a lot. So I will use the big accent here, which is that what people think is the most useless, perhaps, but it's philosophy. Because, yeah. Because, again, this is a disaster. It's a total disaster. Yes, it affected our physical world, but even more affected our mind. And sure, my discipline, history, can help at all the lessons from the past and the skills and all we want. Literature can help and can give you comfort, but philosophy really is the best tool to help you cope with it. When you say take it with philosophy, that's what you mean, thank you. I think that I'm thinking about these, the two disciplines that come to mind, actually, that I'm representing tonight, that is psychology and political science. And as I say that, from Tuesday I want to, we are coming, we are in a situation, post-apocalyptic, where we have to really come together, I think, by understanding one another, how we can try and have a better understanding of how people think, what it was to establish infrastructures that are needed for us to be proliferated as a new society. With that infrastructure, and we need that leadership, I think I understand in the nature of how organizations work when they understand what's scientific and in a right to stand point as potential leaders, what will allow us to have a good head start to become the beginning of the course that's going on now. So one of the things that I think is great about American higher education system is that it adapts and evolves. One of the things that, I don't know if it involved the nature of this question too, one of the things that's wonderful about Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences too is that we not only have so many diverse disciplines, but we have a tremendous amount of interdisciplinary programs. And so if I were to major on something besides English, but I'm minor in history, but if I were to, I have a PhD though in English, and I've been in studies, and so I would actually choose an interdisciplinary program, and I'll go ahead and say gender studies, for example, where the value of multiple disciplines, but all from a critical perspective are key. So if I was training, not to be a professor, but to be a survivor and a post-apocalyptic world, I would pick an interdisciplinary program. For given the scenario, that there was one spot on a vote, so I'm assuming there's some other individuals in this vote. First of all, that's not quite capable of those individuals out of the vote, put the people in this table in the vote. So that's where I'd start, and we build our own, yeah, we build our own vote, we have the capability here, y'all go on your vote. I think another discipline that's not represented here tonight, but is in fact, the basis for chemistry and the basis for biology is physics. I didn't, another one of those courses as an undergraduate, Lord, I did not wanna go to that class, and yet I find it every day explaining many of the observations people, using it, trying to use it to explain many of the observations I made, and I could only imagine that in a post-apocalyptic world that understanding the physical environment around me would be able, would allow me to manipulate that environment to again, create resources to get me tomorrow, and then to next week, and then to next month when I can begin to think about social issues that may be arising. So that's where I would go is in physics and physical sciences. So we started down here, we went back down this way, I don't know where we're gonna start here, but we're gonna go a little road, and we're gonna collapse the last question from the student audience in with the closing arguments in the interest of time. So we will take three minutes rather than two for closing arguments and answering this question in front of us. We have a volunteer start. For closing arguments? In addition to this question. So you answer this question and combine your closing arguments. Dr. Adams? All right, so we will each have three minutes for this. This is the last you're gonna hear from all of these folks before we go. Many of you have discussed how your discipline would help us survive. However, I hope we could thrive. How does your field deepen the meaning of life? I'm here. Another chemistry in biofuels would deepen the meaning of life. I think I can sum it up by pointing out that a fundamental understanding of chemical processes requires that we understand how in terms of the smallness that's the smallness of the individual monoclonal electrons, protons, how they come together to form atoms, how they come together to form molecules that actually interact with each other on a diverse number of ways in order to proliferate the larger micro, as well as the macro-medical interest. With that being said, that fundamental understanding of those type of elements can be applied to what's supposed to be inside sales. So bio means life. So by having an understanding of chemistry, we then have to then begin to develop, understand what kind of chemistry, what kind of chemistry, or how chemistry, relates to life, but understanding biochemistry. And I think that this is one of the more strengthening aspects of deepening the meaning of life, understand the mind, understand the basic fundamentals of biochemistry. With that being said, as I close, I'll have to say that it is imperative that we understand that the core curriculum that's related, as it's related in the J. William Fortback College, is bio-true, not only our success in graduating, but as bio-true our success in becoming popular citizens, role models, and future leaders. But out in historical context, we don't really know where you can go without the ability to communicate and communicate in this way, and relay that information, and be able to proliferate the human side, is really, very little you can do as a scientist, whether that be my opinion or Kim's or all our kids. So with that standpoint, also understanding that we've given the time now, that's different than what goes before. I can remember using a phone booth to make a phone call. When I was sitting where you all are, we had to be calling people, somebody beat you, you looked at the phone number, and you went to the phone booth to go and call them. I did not know what the laptop was, which I was an adult. My first computer was a Rack 2C computer that was on the side of this piece of paper. It was one box in the set on the desk, and compared to what the humans we use now, it took an eternity to do anything with science and technology, though, is irrevocably changing people, particularly in today's society, by having fundamental understanding in such as chemistry and biochemistry, that allows you to retain a number of different things. You can actually go with chemistry degree and go to a rock school, not to get an addition to a man's school, get a school, get in or out of a professional, opportunities, opportunities that people want to pursue. But because you have that fundamental, holistic, broad education, even if you choose one particular major in this corporation or in this college, you can do anything you want. And I think at the end of the day, if one thing doesn't matter, which one of the four of these disciplines that only spoke to the society is going to thrive, because each of these disciplines are vital to the survival of us. A last word from history. Have you deepened the meaning of life? Yes, we are also in the closing arguments, which actually probably seem to be the answers to the answer I want to give to this question. I guess we, in this struggle for survival, we all want to show a little bit of solidarity because I do think that the meaning of life lies in that kind of solidarity. And we all like to make room for all these disciplines. Knowledge in general means freedom and it's precious. And yes, I could say that history is about everything. You learn about how biologists made their discoveries in history of sciences. You learn about how art expressed humanity through the history of art. You will find what literature made us inquire of our inner selves through the history of literature. And you will find how business was rebuilt through the history of past business that failed and reemerged. And you will do all this quick with the best research skills and the best frame of mind to understand those achievements and apply them into your future. Everything, everything's gone. You look ahead and see answers from all of us, not just one of us. Have been and have offered. Yes, history is about everything. It's the most inclusive of all. And as survivors, you want a bit of all that humanity has to offer and still has to offer. Having yourself to a specialized field will narrow your mind. And as much as I would love to see all of us on that boat, because I am a user. I had to say that as you are still seeking to answer all questions, not just how to grasp vital chemical compounds or seed solace in the area of a corn, that history can give you all that you will need for your future. Deepening the meaning of life. Many of you have discussed how you're disciplined to help us survive. However, I hope we can thrive. How does your field deepen the meaning of life? At the cornerstone, at the cornerstone of my discipline, it is a desire to understand how each living organism depends on the other in order to continue on and survive. In an apocalyptic world, in a narrow world, we don't fully appreciate it. I would hope that in an apocalyptic world, my discipline might have an overriding role in helping to understand the relationships between organisms and our inner independence. We would have a better understanding of issues to why diseases spread. I take this as an example. How many of you get flu vaccine every year? Same. How many of you know that the reason you have to get a flu vaccine is because the virus, which is a delight, is passed from birds and it gets passed to pigs or chickens that live in close proximity to humans, the inner dependence. It can be inner dependence that leads to disease, it can be inner dependence that leads to your ability to thrive. So I think that my discipline plays a critical role in that. So I think in an apocalyptic world, I actually hope that my discipline would take a leadership role in that. And that's not to diminish anything else at the table, but maybe take a leadership role that is even greater than what it is now, because I would challenge the average person on the street to understand how those relationships between living organisms affect you every day. And that's why we tend to take them for granted. We don't know about them. And we only know about them after we've illuminated something and went, uh-oh. So with that, that's my closing remark. One of the things that I was an avid reader as a young child and one of the things that solidified my interest in studying literature professionally was the fact that you couldn't possibly study literature effectively without having a strong understanding of the numerous contexts for which any given piece of literature emerges and how it continues to evolve based on new contexts, through adaptation, appropriation, and different tastes on the story. So the study of literature requires a study of history. The study of literature requires a strong understanding of what science, what scientific ideas, advancements, and technology.