 Why I have chosen this topic for my research and for presentation, first of all thank you for the acceptance of my topic. Just a horse in Poland has a very long tradition and in present day it's a very important species. And we have really good knowledge about history of horse in Poland, more or less from late medieval time, of course, in the next ages to the present day. But we have a big gap in a very crucial historical stage of Poland, which is the beginning of this state. Just foundation of this state in early medieval time and we start more or less in 10th century. And when we look at for, when we explore just our common knowledge about horse, with combination of different kinds of records and data, we can construct own picture like this example with some main branches about significance of horse in the past and present day as well, just as a source of food, secondary use, and in the past magic and ritual animal. And some very important questions which are a matter of my interest, of course, emphasize with this red line and I will try to explore this in a special project. And this sentence is just taken from abstract book and in this way I would like to emphasize that we have some intuition about significance of horse in so early stage. However, the base for really knowledge is very, very shortage and is limited to some historical records which are described more or less between 10th and 13th century. And what we can know from this sentence is that horse was in everyday social space in nature and we can indicate commercial goods, we can indicate source of milk and of course some positive feature of country because horse are durable and it was a special emphasize to by Gal Anonymous which was chronicle of Piast dynasty, this which found the foundation of Poland. And another that sign of power because horse was not available for every society, every member of society. Of course, prince like Mieczko the first has 3000 amp and he gave them clothes, horses, weapons and everything they need. And of course we have very important and very difficult to solve with support of archeology sentence that white horse was available in those time in at least two regions of present day Poland, that is Pomerania region and Russia and there is no chance on the base of just archeological criteria to indicate in our sub-fossile collections this white horse. And we have some others sentences which strongly indicated horse significance in magic and rituals. There are doctors among them who ordered them to sacrifice the creator what they will them to woman, men or horses. And another that it was very important and extraordinary horse just we can say that we have some information about features of horse. There were extraordinary special choice for magic and rituals and we have information about color of coat here is black but we know that is sometimes mentioned white as well. And horse at the animal who forecast future in this sentence is expressed and this is all from historical records and what we can improve knowledge on the base of archeological records. This is not so easy because we collected during history of archeological research in Poland many many horse collections and this map is presenting sites. I can say that it's not all sites just main sites and what is important horse remains in these sites are mainly more than 90% found in post-consumption remains. There is almost no skeletons at present I can say that we have five sites when we have skeletons and one I will present later on. And this is just common picture with percentage of horse remains in the most important and of course chosen by me for this presentation centers and percentage is always the same position among this species the last position. And we can draw in some sites thanks to long time investigation age of horse and we can notice that it was different in early medieval late medieval and from late medieval to post medieval time. This is some kind indication that horse was not treated the same way in different historical periods and again this is construction on the base of food remains not from skeletons. When we look at for size of horse in different centers again we can notice that there is no the same we have differences again why we have differences. I would like to add that when we look at for cattle it will be very boring picture because cattle will be the same characteristic in every site in every center in every region of Poland but with horse not. It is some indicator that horse was quite different species evaluated by human. The same feature expressed by box plots we can notice very clear that every region has different population of horse. And I presented data which were result of settlements and centers research but we have just some years ago discovered island with exception that among that beside food remains. Of course we have skeletons as well. And sometimes we call island of horse because this island is surrounded with horse skeletons and sometimes are really articulated and sometimes are disarticulated. On the other hand these skeletons are found under water which is sometimes very difficult to explore or but this is really clear signal that horse was really significant significance in ideology in magic thinking. And we have not only horses, not only skeletons, we have as well cranial only together with other species in very close to this island. In almost all skeletons we can detect sometimes very gentle and sometimes very clear very strong pathological alternations and we can say that this horse during life had been very strong explored and used for what purposes. We don't know. And when we look at for pathology just in one side with comparison that horse position and domestic mammals is the last but when we look at for pathologies this position is a little bit higher. That is again some signal that horse was used for more active activity of human. And I have to admit that I read very carefully thesis of our session. And finally I would like to express some essential things about horse in Poland in so early stage. Of course I am treating this impression at the some kind of preliminary. And first the horse in Polish Slavs was only an animal profitable for food military and social state status. That is the reason that we have so small skeletons recorded during archaeological excavation. But second sentence is quite opposite. Horse was not at all animal. It was a significant member of Slavonic society. He did mediation with gods and he forecasted the future. It was a special and priest look after for horses in Slavonic pagan temples. And third he created an Austrian ordinary evaluation in human mind thanks to features which was morphology of body, color of coat and ability to fast movement just opposite to cattle pig and other domesticate. And finally the fourth what kind of cultural context was the selective and responsible for factor to decide about horse. The animal or the human society member in what time in what extent and this will be matter of special project which just started in this year. And goals of this project would like to explore and just construct history, more detailed history to better know a horse and significance in the past. And we can try to use different methods, different methodology and try to combine them put together to make to collect different data and next compare this data. And I think that they should collaborate and support and finally to make some synthesis of horse in early medieval time. And this is my team. You can notice that there are some archaeologists or archaeologists and of course some colleagues who are specialists for analyzing DNA isotopes and so on. And then finally I would like to emphasize that pathology DNA and isotopes will be really very crucial to for interpretation about white horse about mobility of owners of horse. And maybe we can establish some roads of trade of horse when we know according to classical morphological osteometrical data that it was so different population of horses in different regions. When I am looking for line from northeast of Poland to southwest of Poland, I can say that the smallest horses are in northeast, the biggest are in south. And who knows, maybe this is influence and influence of west countries and some heritage of Roman Empire and in north, east, maybe this influence of white horses still presented in Russia region. This is only chance to use some modern methods and considerations. Thank you very much for your attention.