 Good evening aspirants, welcome to the Hindu news analysis by Shankara Ace Academy for the date 29th May 2020. These are the list of news articles chosen for today's analysis. It has been provided along with the page numbers of different editions of Hindu newspaper. The link for the handwritten notes in the PDF format is provided in the description box and also in the comment section for the benefit of the viewers. Let's move on to the first discussion for today. The first discussion for today is based on this open editorial which is with reference to China's policy of brinkmanship in Ladakh. When we say brinkmanship, it refers to foreign policy adopted by a country where it pursues a dangerous policy to improve its position in negotiations on bilateral issues. The dangerous policy will come to the brink or it will come close to the threshold capacity of relations with the other nation. According to the author of this open editorial, China having such a strategy of brinkmanship at present is a sign or symptoms of various issues faced by China both in the domestic arena and also in the international level. What author is trying to say is China's recent actions are not just with respect to India. It has made legal actions on Hong Kong. If you see it had ensured prevention of membership of Taiwan to the World Health Organization in the recent World Health Assembly. It continues making aggressive claims in South China Sea etc. So in this discussion, we'll see all these issues. The syllabus relevant for the analysis of this news article is given here for your reference. On May 13, 2020, the Indian Army Chief has reportedly said that the recent tensions between India and China have no connection with any domestic or international situation. However, the author of this editorial seems to have a divergent thought. The main crux of this article is that the India-China confrontation along the LAC should not be seen as a standalone or as an isolated event. To support this point, author gives various explanations, issues and examples. Firstly, author says that for domestic reasons only, China is carrying out such policy at this time. It faces the impact of COVID-19 pandemic in addition to other economic challenges. In such scenario, the Chinese government wants to escape from being judged by its citizens based on its economic performance. So to shift the focus from economic performance, China is resorting to increased external adventurism in the name of ultranationalism. See here, ultranationalism refers to the extreme devotion to the interests of a nation or extreme advocacy of the interests of a nation, regardless of the effect on any other nations. Then secondly, China resorts to external adventurism to escape the international criticism which it faces for the poor handling of COVID-19, particularly in the early months of this infection. If China would have handled it well, the disease could have been contained within China itself. But as a result of the manner of handling, many countries have expressed concerns against China, where some countries even openly blame China for making the infection a global crisis. More than 100 nations even propose that the WHO has to carry out an impartial, independent and comprehensive evaluation to review the WHO-coordinated international health response to COVID-19, which also includes the effectiveness of the mechanisms at WHO's disposal. And this proposed measure was also included in the resolution of the 73rd World Health Assembly, which was held recently on 18th and 19th of May 2020. Now, the third main component to the recent actions of China in various domains is in connection to its bilateral ties with the United States of America and also to further its objectives of regional dominance. We have been witnessing worsening of relations between China and USA, and particularly this is happening since the presidency of Mr. Donald Trump. This is mainly seen in the context of trade relations because of the growing protectionist sentiments in the US and the inability of China to adequately respond to them. In addition to trade context, there are also a few more reasons that affect the bilateral ties of USA. The US administration has criticized China for the suppression of the pro-democracy movement in Hong Kong. The US has also criticized and has warned of removing trade relaxations or special economic privileges to Hong Kong if China proceeds with making security laws for Hong Kong. But today's news is that China's national legislative body, which is National People's Congress, has passed a law to safeguard national security for the Hong Kong special administrative region. So because of this, pro-democracy supporters alleged that the legislative measure undermines the one-country-two-systems model, which is guaranteed in the basic law on Hong Kong. The basic law gives Hong Kong the executive, legislative and independent judicial power, which also includes final adjudication power. Only matters of defense and foreign affairs are handled by the central government. But now this legislative measure of China has undermined the one-country-two-systems model. Even international experts are saying that the law will help China in effectively containing the pro-democracy movements in the name of safeguarding national security. These measures are followed by China so as to revoke the special status of Hong Kong by the year 2047 or even before that. And here one small request to the viewers. If you want to know why the year 2047 and what may happen after it, then the basic law, then we advise you to watch the Hong Kong discussion in our daily news analysis on 25th May 2020, where we have discussed all these aspects in detail. Now the next issue is with reference to Taiwan. US supports Taiwan to be recognized in international forums. It recognizes Taiwan officially as a part of China. At the same time, it treats Taiwan differently on many aspects of relations which are not well received by China. Even recently, we see the US president has signed the law called as Taiwan Allies International Protection and Enhancement Initiative Act of 2019. So by this, it is clear that US maintains a publicly stated unofficial relationship with Taiwan. And Taiwan claims to get recognition as Republic of China. One of its objective is to get international recognition like Republic of Congo, which exists nearby Democratic Republic of Congo. And for this purpose only, it wants to become a member in various organizations. And if you see very recently, it made efforts to be recognized as a member state and to participate in WHO. But this was blocked by China through its diplomatic stronghold. But to the question whether Taiwan is like the mainland China, the answer which we will receive is no, it is not like mainland China. This is because Taiwan is not yet fully integrated with China. For this, China perceives that the main impediment or obstacle is the United States. This also brings up issues between US and China. But here you should remember that China states Taiwan as an integral part of China. Therefore, China does not call the region as Taiwan, rather it calls as Chinese Taipei. So this is one of the issue where China is using its energy to have a stronghold and where it is also opposing US. Then the next region where China attempts to follow Brinkmanship is in South China Sea. As a result, there is China-US rivalry in this region. This rivalry is mainly because China wants to ensure that it is the supreme power in the Indo-Pacific region, or at least in the South China Sea. But this will act against the American economic interests in this region and the trade routes of USA. So because of this, author feels that South China Sea is a potential flashpoint that may become a war or given an armed conflict. In such a scenario, the India-China phase of in the Ladakh could become part of much larger great game involving the USA. In this great game, US will work for the status quo and China will attempt to alter the status quo to further its objective of regional dominance. So therefore, what you should understand is that the present India-China crisis has to be seen in relation to all the aspects which we just discussed. Like China's adventurism to gain a favorable domestic image or China's actions with reference to Hong Kong, Taiwan, South China Sea, and even other issues between China and the US. Therefore, India-China crisis should not be seen as an isolated event. And thus, views of author might be helpful in coordinating an effective policy response to the recent tensions along the line of actual control. So that is all about this discussion. So this editorial is an example of how you should connect the international matters with respect to international relations. There is always a greater game which is hidden behind the small game. So try to connect all these points. It will help you in answering the main question very effectively. With this, we come to the end of this discussion. That split practice question will be discussed in the last session. Moving on to the next discussion, which is based on this news article. This news article talks about natural rubber production in India. The syllabus that is relevant to this discussion is given here for your reference. See, the news article is based on the annual report published by Rubber Board of India. According to this report, the natural rubber production in India has recorded a growth of 9.4% each in 2019-20. So rubber production has reached 7.12 lakh tons. This is important because for the first time the production has crossed 7 lakh tons since the year 2014-15 period. And this increase is due to the increase in overall tappable area by 40,000 hectares compared to the previous fiscal year. See, when we say tappable area, it is the area where rubber tapping is done. Tapping is a process of controlled wounding during which thin shaving of barks are removed for the collection of latex from the rubber tree. Now, this tappable area has gone up because of continuous efforts taken by the rubber board to make rubber cultivation remunerative. This was done by increasing production and productivity and by reducing cost of cultivation or production. But if you see, at the same time, the volume of consumption has reduced from the year 2018-19 to 2019-20. But if you see, the production consumption gap is also declined. This indicates the decline in import volume of natural rubber. According to the annual report, there is a decline of 20% in imports while export of natural rubber has increased in 2019-20. So these are some of the key points mentioned in the annual report of Rubber Board of India regarding natural rubber production. Now, what is natural rubber? Natural rubber is the most versatile industrial raw material of plant origin. Natural rubber is a commercial plantation crop and the main source of natural rubber is the rubber tree, Heavy Brazilians. And this tree is a native of Amazon river basin. It was introduced to tropical Asia and Africa by the efforts of British government during the later part of 19th century. I know that the rubber tree grows in a wide range of agroclimates and soil conditions. If well distributed rainfall of about 200 centimetres is received annually. So ideally, rubber grows in the region between 10 degrees north and south of the equator where the rainfall, humidity and temperature are high and the elevation is below 450 metres. I know that India is currently the sixth largest producer of natural rubber in the world according to the 2017-18 data. And in India, if you see, rubber is traditionally grown in Kerala and also in the Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu which accounts for 81 percentage of production. And there are also some non-traditional rubber growing regions in India. The major non-traditional rubber growing regions are the north-eastern states of Tripura, Assam and Meghalaya then also the states of Odisha, Karnataka, Maharashtra and West Bengal. Apart from this, India is also the second largest consumer of natural rubber globally and the current consumption is around 1.1 million tonnes. But even being the sixth largest producer, around 40 percentage of the total natural rubber consumption in India is at present met from the import of rubber only. But in the beginning we saw that for the period of 2019-20 import has reduced by 20 percentage. So now what is the application of rubber? That is where rubber is used. Actually natural rubber finds application in the manufacture of variety of products. The main use of natural rubber is in automobiles because nearly 65 percentage of natural rubber is consumed by automobile industry. And this is due to the fact that natural rubber is the main component in heavy duty tyres. Besides this, natural rubber is also used for manufacture of bicycle tyres and tubes, hoses, conveyor belts, toys, et cetera, et cetera. And it also has some engineering application and shock absorption, vibration isolation and road surfacing, et cetera. So that is all about natural rubber and natural rubber production in India. Now this question has been framed on rubber board of India. We will discuss this question at the question answer discussion session. Now let us move on to the next discussion. The next discussion is based on this news article which talks about a recent announcement of government of India. Recently government has announced that the 7.75% savings taxable bonds of 2018 shall cease for subscription from 28 May 2020. So in this discussion, let us see what this means and what this bond is about. The syllabus that is relevant to this discussion is given here for your reference. First know that these bonds are also known as RBA bonds or government of India bonds. And these bonds were introduced in 2003 as 8% savings taxable bonds of 2003. The bonds were open to investment by individuals including joint holdings and Hindu undivided families or charitable institutions or universities. But NRIs were not eligible for making investment in these bonds. And these bonds were issued at par that is at rupees 100. And the bonds were issued for a minimum amount of rupees 1000 and then in multiples of it. But there was no maximum limit for investment in these bonds. And these bonds had a maturity of six years and carrying interest at 8% per annum as its name implies. In the same way, the interest on the bonds were taxable under the Income Tax Act of 1961 as the name implies. But the bonds were exempted from wealth tax under the Wealth Tax Act of 1957. In addition to this, know that these bonds were not transferable. Also they were not tradable in the secondary market and they are not eligible as collateral for loans from banking institutions or non banking financial companies. And as you know, collateral is something which is pledged as security for repayment of a loan. But these bonds were not eligible as collateral. So these were the 8% savings bonds of 2003. But in 2008, the government of India made changes to the bond and reissued this bond as 7.75% savings taxable bonds of 2018. These were slightly different from the 2003 bonds. First of all, only a resident Indian on individual capacity or on behalf of a minor could invest and a Hindu undivided family can invest. And the issue price conditions for these bonds were same as the 2003 bonds. But there is another major change with respect to the interest offered in these bonds. The bonds are issued in cumulative form or non cumulative form depending on the option of investor. And these bonds had a carrying interest at the rate of 7.75% per annum which its name indicates. Now in this case also, the minimum investment amount was Rs. 1000 and there was no maximum limit. And the maturity period of these bonds were seven years from the date of issue. The bonds offered a premature encashment also. That is before reaching maturity, encashment was available for individual investors in the age group of 60 years and above. But this is subject to the submission of document relating to date of birth of the investor to the satisfaction of the issuing bank. And this shall be done only after a minimum lock-in period after the date of issue. And the lock-in periods vary for different age brackets. Additionally, like the 2003 bonds, these bonds were also not tradable in the secondary market. They are also not eligible as collateral for availing loans from banks, financial institutions and NBFCs. And just like the 2003 bonds, the interest on these bonds were tax gender income tax act and the bonds were also exempted from wealth tax under the wealth tax act. So why these bonds are relevant? See the maximum interest rate which is offered by the banks were less than 6.5 percentage for a deposit which had a tenure of seven years. So the 7.7 percentage savings taxable bonds of 2018 were a good option for common people to earn higher rate of interest. And these bonds offered a regular income with highest safety of principal amount because these bonds are issued by the government itself. And this is the reason the former union minister had called the abolition of the RBA bonds as a cruel blow on citizens which is the news today. So that is all about this discussion. In this discussion, we saw the recent announcement made by the government of India which stopped the subscription of 7.75% savings taxable bonds of 2018. With this, we come to the end of this discussion. That is the practice question will be discussed in the last session. Moving on to the next discussion which is based on this news article. This news article mentions that the site of a large number of species of grasshopper has created scare in Andhra Pradesh. We know that already our country is facing the desert locust infestation. So now this large number of species of grasshopper has created a scare. It was cited in the Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh and they saw the common calotropus grasshoppers. It's scientific name is poquilloceros pictus. It has blue, black or a greenish with yellow markings on its body as you can see in this picture. It is commonly known as the arc grasshopper or the painted grasshopper. It is distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical plains and the desert areas of India. I know that both adults and nymphs, even the immature grasshoppers feed voraciously on leaves and they scale it in ice plants. That is leaves, fruits, nothing is left on the plant. And it is even said that when there is severe infestation by the species, they also feed on bark. And with respect to India, you should note that this pest is of economic importance in India as they cause considerable damage. And this pest generally feeds on poisonous arc plant which is the calotropus species, especially calotropus gigentia. That is why it was given the name of common calotropus grasshoppers. And initially it was thought that this species is a monophagus pest only, which feeds on this arc plant especially. But later only it was found that this species feed on various crops, vegetables and fruit plants and even occasionally they cause considerable damage by feeding on young plants. Now this species is considered as a polypagus pest, that is it is able to feed on various kinds of crops. And according to the news article, the invasion of grasshoppers of this species in Andhra Pradesh is due to the extreme heat followed by a spell of rain in that area this week. So because of rain, these insects had come out of their habitat and they were devouring vegetation. But it is said that this time much damage was not caused by these grasshoppers. Now from this discussion, what you should notice, this species name, what is it scientific name and what are the kinds of plants it feeds on? It is a monophagus or polypagus and this species is important because already we are facing the desert locust infestation in the country. So that is all about this discussion. Let us move on to the next discussion. This next discussion is based on this question which is about swine fever. This question has been framed based on these two news articles which talks about two different types of swine fever. One is African swine fever and the other one is classical swine fever. This news article mentions that China is said to ban imports of pigs, wild boar and related products from India. This is to prevent African swine fever. See, you know that China is the biggest consumer of pork in the world. It is reported that in India around 14,000 pigs were killed in the border of Assam due to this African swine fever. So to ensure the safety of China's annual husbandry, Chinese authorities have put in place a ban on the pork imports from India. So this is the news related to African swine fever. Now this next news article mentions that the Indian Immunological Limited which is a leading veterinary and human vaccines manufacturing company has launched the classical swine fever vaccine and it has been launched under the brand name Raksha class and this vaccine has been developed in collaboration with the Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly. So based on these only, we are going to discuss about swine fever. See, swine fever is one of the most important virus diseases of pigs. It is notifiable in most countries of the world and the pig is the only natural host. The virus is spread from infected pigs or carrier pigs via discharges from the nose, mouth, urine and feces or infected semen of those pigs and know that the virus which causes swine fever is highly contagious and it is said that the virus survives even in frozen carcasses for long periods of time and they say that the virus causing swine fever can be controlled by slaughtering of the pig or even by vaccination but vaccination is used as the last resort to control the spread of the virus. So what are these African swine fever and classical swine fever are both same. See, both are highly contagious viral diseases of pigs. They are clinically similar. They cannot be definitively distinguished from each other in the field. So laboratory testing is required to confirm a diagnosis. See, although these diseases appear similar, they are caused by completely unrelated viruses. The classical swine fever, which is often known as hog cholera is caused by a virus from the pestivirus genus of the family, flaviviridae and it is closely related to the virus that causes bovine viral diarrhea in cattle and also the virus which causes border disease in sheep. Then if you see the African swine fever, it is caused by a virus that is unrelated to classical swine fever virus as we already saw and it has more complex genetic structure which belongs to the asphaviridae family. So remember, both belong to a different family. Both ASF and CSF affect pigs only and they do not infect humans and other livestock. And these diseases are spread through direct contact with infected pigs or contact with contaminated pig pens, drugs or clothing. And in both the diseases, pigs can remain carriers of the disease for a long period and therefore moving pigs during an outbreak of these diseases must be very restricted. And also know that CSF is widespread in Africa, South America and Asia, but it has been eradicated from most countries in Europe. And the African swine fever is present in most countries of sub-Saharan Africa and areas of Eastern Europe also. In September, 2018, the disease was detected for the first time in Western Europe, especially in Belgium and it continues to be detected intermittently there. And then for the first time, it was also reported in China in the year 2018. So it is believed that the virus has been circulating since March, 2018. So that is why now China is very cautious about this African swine fever. Now based on this discussion, if you look at this question, the question mentions, consider the following statements with reference to swine fever. Both the African swine fever and classical swine fever are highly contagious viral diseases of pigs. Yes, both are contagious viral diseases of pigs. This is a correct statement. Now the second statement is, both the ASF and CSF are caused by different viruses belonging to Flaviviridae family. Now this is incorrect because just now we saw that both the diseases may appear similar, but they are caused by completely unrelated viruses belonging to different family. CSF is only caused by a virus belonging to the family Flaviviridae, whereas ASF is caused by a virus belonging to Asverviridae family. And here if you see the question asks for the incorrect statements. So the correct answer to the question is, option B, two only. Now this next question is framed with reference to this news article which talks about Prime Minister's Research Fellows Scheme. The news article mentions that University of Hyderabad is selected as one of the institutions to offer fellowship under the Prime Minister's Research Fellows Scheme. So in this context, let us see a few important aspects of the scheme. Know that first this scheme was announced in budget 2018-19 and under this scheme, candidates can apply through two channels. One is direct entry channel and the other is lateral entry channel. The criteria to administer direct entry route and lateral entry route is given here for your reference. I know that at present the scheme is relevant only for science and technology streams. And see that in the direct entry route, even a candidate who is pursuing final year of bachelor's degree in science and technology streams is eligible under this scheme. But this is subject to CGPA of 8.0 or above and gate score of 650 or above in the relevant subject. And apart from this, once a candidate is selected as a Prime Minister's Research Fellow, the Fellow has to show satisfactory performance continuously. If not, the fellowship could be brought down to the institutional fellowship level or the fellowship can be even discontinued. This fact is important because once selected, the research fellow will be offered a fellowship of Rs. 70,000 per month for the first two years. Then 75,000 per month for the third year and then it will be increased to 80,000 per month in the fourth and fifth years. Apart from this, a research grant of two lakh rupees will be provided for a period of five years. This is to cover the foreign travel expenses, et cetera. Because as you know, research fellows travel to foreign countries for presenting research papers in international conferences and seminars. And around 3,000 fellows are to be inducted into the scheme in the first three years of operation. See if you see for a long period of time, there is a criticism that the central government is not giving adequate importance in terms of individual financial support for those who pursue research. This scheme attempts to solve this particular issue to some extent. This scheme is to tap the talent pool of the country for carrying out research indigenously in cutting edge science and technology domains. And the research under this scheme will address national priorities at the one hand and on the other hand, it will address shortage of quality faculty in the premier educational institutions of the country also. So this is the information that you should know with respect to Prime Minister Research Fellows Scheme. Now, if you look at this question, the first statement is under the Prime Minister's Research Fellows Scheme, a fellow will be offered rupees 50,000 per month for the first two years, then 60,000 per month for next three years. This is incorrect because just now we saw the minimum amount that will be offered itself is 70,000 per month. And it will be offered for the first two years. Then it will be gradually increased to 80,000 per month in the fourth and 50 years of the fellowship. So first statement is incorrect. Now, the second statement is Indian Institute of Technology Delhi is the coordinating institute for the above mentioned scheme under the Union Ministry of Human Resource Development. Now, this statement is correct because IIT Delhi has been designated as the coordinating institute for this scheme. And here the question asks for the correct statements. So the correct answer to this question is option B2 only. Let us take this next question. This question has been framed based on this news article. The news article mentions about the development of a fungal powder from a rare super mushroom called as Cordyceps militaris, or in short, C militaris. It was developed by the scientists of Bodleland University and it is believed to boost immunity against COVID-19 infection. Now know that for a long period, Cordyceps has been recognized as an important medicinal mushroom in Chinese medical books and also in Tibetan medicine. And if you see these Cordyceps grow in Sikkim in India, they grow in Tibet and also in Bhutan at altitudes above 4,500 meters. And there are more than 400 species of Cordyceps and two of them have become the focus of health research. They are Cordyceps sinensis and then Cordyceps militaris. And our today's discussion is based on Cordyceps militaris. Among all the species, this C militaris is considered as the oldest source of some useful chemical constituents. They are very popular with several communities and now they are used extensively in modern systems of medicine. Certain studies have proved some important medicinal properties of C militaris, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-aging, anti-cancer properties. And it is also believed to have anti-microbial property, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-fungal property. Then it is also believed to have energy and immunity boosting effect, et cetera. So the constituents of medicinal mushroom Cordyceps militaris are expected to play evolutionary roles in future medicines. If you look at the news article, it mentions how the Indian scientists developed fungal powder from Cordyceps militaris. This powder was made through lyophilization at minus 80 degrees Celsius. See, lyophilization is also known as freeze drying. It is a process used for preserving biological material by removing the water from the sample. It involves first freezing the sample and then drying it under a vacuum and at very low temperatures. And it is said that lyophilized samples may be stored much longer than untreated samples. So in simple terms, just know that lyophilization involves rapid freezing and total dehydration of the sample. In addition to this, the news article also mentions that natural Cordyceps is hard to get and it would cost at least 8 lakh rupees per kilogram. So because of this, the lab in Borderland University has been growing the militaris since 2017 at a lower cost. And they are also distributing the super mushroom powder free of cost to people in nearby villages also to boost their immunity. So this is the background that you should know with respect to the Cordyceps militaris. Now, if you look at this question, it asks Cordyceps militaris recently seen in the news refers to, and the correct answer is option B, medicinal mushroom with antioxidant, anti-aging and anti-cancer properties. This is the correct answer to this question. Now, let us take the remaining questions which were displayed during the news article discussion sessions. This question is about the rubber board of India. The first statement is, it is a statutory body under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. So you know that the rubber board of India is a statutory body which was constituted under the Rubber Production Marketing Act of 1947. So first half of this statement is correct. And the second half is also correct because it functions under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. And know that this board has a chairman who is appointed by the central government and it has 27 members representing various interests of natural rubber industry. And this board is a national level body responsible for the overall development of the Indian rubber industry. So the second statement is also correct. Not only that, the board is also responsible for the development of rubber industry in the country by way of assisting and encouraging research, development, then extension and training activities related to rubber. It also maintains a statistical data of rubber. It takes steps to promote marketing of rubber and it also undertakes labor welfare activities. Here the question asks for the correct statements. So the correct answer to this question is option C, both one and two. Now this next question asks, recently government of India announced that the 7.75% savings taxable bonds 2018 will no longer be available for investors. Which of the following is not a feature of the bond? Option A mentions, the interest on the bonds were taxable under the income tax act 1961, but the bonds were exempted from wealth tax act of 1957. This is correct. Second one is they were non-transferable. Yes, correct. Non-tradable in the secondary market. It is also correct. Then not eligible as collateral for loans from banking institution. It is also correct. So second statement is correct. The third one mentions, the maximum limit of investment in the bond was Rs. 15 lakhs for individuals and Hindu undivided families. Now this statement is incorrect because there was no upper limit for investment in these bonds. So the correct answer to this question is option C. Now let us take one main question based on GS paper two. The recent confrontation between India and China along the line of actual control should not be seen as a standalone event discuss. So this is a discuss type of question. So you have to discuss the fact mentioned in this sentence. That means the recent confrontation is a sign of China phasing several pressures both within its country and also at the international level. For domestic reasons, you can mention that this confrontation is a image makeover process due to the lowering economic growth that was accentuated by COVID-19. Then at the international level, you can say that China poorly handled the COVID-19 crisis in the early months. Then you can mention about soaring of bilateral ties between US and China in terms of trade. Then you can talk about the recent Hong Kong democratic protests. Then US support to Taiwan. Then US China rival reigns of China C. So as a whole, you can conclude like China's confrontation with India along LAC is one of the symptoms of expression of all these pressures faced by China. And if US China rivalry escalates into an armed conflict, then India-China issues may also become a part of the great game. So that means handling China requires calibrated multilateral approach from the side of India. And this approach should put China's increased external adventurism to rest. So based on these ideas, you can write the answers in 150 words. With this, we come to the end of today's in the news analysis. If you like the video, don't forget to like, comment and share and do subscribe to Shankar Ayes Academy YouTube channel for more updates related to civil service examination preparation.