 James, mae'n gweithio'r cymryd arni fel ymddangos iawn. Mae'n mynd i'r cyllidiaeth. Felly, mae'n mynd i'n mynd i'r cyllidiaeth gyda'r cyllidiaeth. Mae'n mynd i'n mynd i'n mynd i'r cyllidiaeth. Yn gweithio yma. Rwy'n gweithio'n gweithio, James, gan eich sefydlu'r cyllidiaeth. James wedi'u unrhyw ymddangos cymryd y 19, ac yn y Cymru, y bod yn Llywodraeth Cymru, ac mae hwn yn ym 7 a 10 yw cenderidau. Mae'n argymru yn gwneud i ddweud yn y cyfnod hynny, y Rhyw Ymddiad Ymddiad, yn gweithio'r ystafell bwysig dros yma gyda'r corprwyth ar gyfer y New Zealand. A dyna'r ystafell yma, a'r unrhyw gyda'r ystafell a'r gweithio'r Ystafell ar gyfer Ystafell ar gyfer Ystafell ar gyfer Ystafell ar gyfer Arcynyddiaeth. A y gallwn i gydag yma ymddiad ar gweithio'r polisi yw iddyn nhw'n gweithio'r ystafell ar gyfer y polisi. Rwy'n meddwl. James wedi'i gweld i'r poltix, ac yn 2011. Rwy'n meddwl i'r parlym yn 2014. Rwy'n meddwl i'r polisi. Rwy'n meddwl i'r polisi, rwy'n meddwl i'r Green Party. Rwy'n meddwl i'r 2017, rwy'n meddwl i'r Green Party i'r coelisiwn labr i'r New Zealand First. James i'r 2 portfolio i'r Minister for Climate Change. Rwy'n meddwl i'r left brain stuff. Rwy'n meddwl i'r strategiaeth rwy'n meddwl i'r data i ddim yn fawr. Rwy'n meddwl i'r James i'r pinc i'r gilydd gyda'r pinc ac yn ei ddefnyddio mewn cyd-dreifydd ac rwy'n meddwl i'r cwm ddangos ac rwy'n meddwl i ddim yn ymdill ac yn ei ddim yn ymdill rydyn nhw. Rwy'n meddwl i'r James, ddwy'n meddwl i'r pinc. Rwy'n meddwl i'r rhagleniaeth o'r teirangu tunai a papatu anuku e ta cotonau, o'r teirangu a ffynneu kirangu a tatau, ti hei mawr i orau. May the blessings of the earth father above, sorry, the sky father above, and the earth mother below, and the world all around us be with us all. I was a little bit like getting here, and I'm about to steal Lou Sanson's thunder, because this morning we announced that we were adding 68,500 hectares to the Kahurangi National Park. And the area that we've added is the Makuhinui River catchment. And I know that this will be very familiar to some of you, because 12 years ago there was a proposal to put an 85-metre hydroelectric dam across the Makuhinui River and to turn that into electricity for you all to store your data on. And actually what happened was that New Zealanders said, no thanks. No, there has to be another way. And so we saved the river, and then what that has led to today is to us creating the largest addition to a national park in New Zealand's history. It's half the size of Auckland City. It's larger than the Abel Tasman National Park and the Poporangi National Park combined. And it's twice the size of Egmont National Park. So it's a really big deal. And for those of you who are involved in that campaign, I just want to thank you very much because we wouldn't have been able to do it without that happening. So, it's a good day in that sense. The Prime Minister, when she rang me up and we were doing the portfolios, she said, is it of climate change? Because it can't be for climate change. And we've kind of got of and for and we worked another few sentences and just decided of. It was the easiest way to go. I don't know how old you're going to be in 2050. I'm going to be 77 years old. I was born in 1973. So just have a think about how old you're going to be in the year 2050. What age, what's the exact number that you're going to be? For some of you, it'll be an improbable number. Most of you, you should be fine. I don't know what life expectancy was when you were born. I'm still planning to be around for it. But my point is, I'm going to be at the very end of my career. In fact, I hope to be well retired by then. But the year 2050, if you're one of those people who will be in the middle of their careers, perhaps with children of your own, can you just imagine on your weekends away being able to go to bed at night knowing that the batch and the beach that you're enjoying today will still be there for your children and their children to enjoy the same way that you are. And when you wake up in the morning, you'll be awoken by a dawn chorus of birds that once boarded on extinction. And then you'll pack your kids into your electric car and drive along congestion-free motorways while the kids are counting the carriages on the freight trains that are running on the tracks alongside you. And when you stop for lunch, you'll get out and swim in the river because you can before you get home to your warm, dry, entirely solar-paneled house, solar-powered house. And on Monday morning, in that Aotearoa, you'll get up and you'll catch the tram into town, where you'll do a good day's work at some social enterprise or a solar panel installer or a hydrogen manufacturing widget, something or other, for a decent pay, and then head home where your kids will be playing on the grass by the side of the road with the children from, you know, Pasifika communities, Tangata Fenawa, the children of Syrian refugees, and so on. And the neighbourhoods will be connected because that's who we are. I mean, that's the future that we're talking about. And so the idea that there's something terrifying about that to me is just completely absurd. And so that's the future that we're trying to create. That's the picture that we need to paint for people as we stand here and say that the decisions that we make today will affect the lives of those to come. And if there are people out there, I know there's no-one in this room who believes that, but if there are people out there who don't believe that, then they just need to ask a few questions of those kids who are striking for their own futures on Friday. So, I'm much more interested in what it is that you have to say than I am in what I have to say, because I hear what I say quite a lot. And so does he. So I'd like to kind of get into the court at all, but I just wanted to start by saying that, because I think that in all of this kind of left-brain stuff that we get into around what is the plan, how are we going to create that future that we actually forget what it is, the future that we're trying to create? Kia ora. Thank you very much indeed, James. Being strong-eyed and realistic about all the enormous challenges, but being very optimistic and encouraging about how we can make this a great deal better is the great dual act here. So thank you for emphasising that, the hope and inspiration part. Microphone there, if you want to ask a question for James, please do line up. And I'm going to start with this question. Here at EHF and New Frontiers, this is a space that we can hold for conversations, sometimes difficult conversations. What role can we play, particularly this year, as you and your colleagues are working very hard on achieving a zero carbon act? What are some of the conversations that you think we should be contributing to to help this work progress? I mean, in other words, where are some of the great tensions that we need to bridge? Well, what was your name, sorry? Severin. Yes, Severin I think pointed directly at the tension that everyone's very familiar about in New Zealand. The thing that has really prevented New Zealand from making much progress over the last 30 years. Every country in the world has industries that they rely on and specialise in, and that create a lot of wealth for that country. And every single one of those industries comes with consequences. And so the transition from where we are today to what we are in the future always in every country deeply affects its core industry. You look at what's going on in Australia, right? Where about 80% of their electricity comes from brown coal and it's their leading export. It's no great surprise that the politics of climate change have run into the brick wall when it comes to coal in Australia. And here we have had huge challenges creating any kind of constructive dialogue around the future of agriculture. And what I know that one of the things that you often say to farmers is, your farms will be worth more 30 years from now than they are today, but they will look very different 30 years from now than they do today. And that helps to, I think, kind of relax people a little bit because we're sort of stuck in the moment of thinking this is what we've always done, therefore it will be what we always, we always will do. That's actually incorrect. If you project back 30 years to 1989, which was peak sheep in New Zealand, we had three times as many sheep in New Zealand as we do today and half as many cows. And so in exactly the same time period as we're talking about making this shift into the future, we've had tremendous change and land use change in that period of time. And all of that was simply, and our farms are worth a great deal more today than they were 30 years ago in 1989. And so I think one of the things that people in this room can do, the innovators, the social enterprises is to kind of make that future OK for people who might feel like they're excluded from it and to say, actually there are things that we can do here. This is about all of us. And it's one of the things that I'm very passionate about. We talk a lot about the just transition is that it has to include everyone. And in particular, that isn't just kind of people whose jobs are likely to change in a vulnerable people and so on, that's where we pay a lot of attention and that's important. But it's also actually people who are doing really well out of the status quo today. Like it has to include them too. And that's quite a big leap for a lot of people to make. Yes, thank you. A question there, thank you. Yeah, so it's continuing this line of thought. So I have some friends that are farmers in Southland, for example. They're of a generation that for them it would be quite a big change to move to such policies. So how does the conversation look? Because often you'd hear from them, oh the government added more land to the National Park. It's now going to be harder to do stuff in that area. So how does the transition for those that are already not going to have it easy to change all their habits as farmers? How do you imagine this conversation? There's been, I think, a huge shift in the conversation from farmers. It's not a monolithic voice. I'm not sure it ever was, but certainly in recent years it's been quite different. It's interesting that there's, I think, quite a generational split. So a lot of the younger farmers, people in their 30s and their 40s, embracing whether it's regenerative agriculture or high precision agriculture, looking at alternative proteins, a friend of mine over in the wider Dapp has just started a cricket farm for local bakery. All of these kinds of things are sort of starting to emerge and they're using drones to monitor river quality and there's some really exciting stuff going on and they're actually embracing it because what they see is that there is this high value proposition where the thing that we're selling isn't just the protein. It's the air and the soil and the water and the story that comes from where it's come from. And yes, and there is a pretty substantial group of people who are locked into a great deal of debt and they don't feel that they've got too many options to move and actually we need to orient ourselves towards those people and to say, well, how can we help? Because I think our orientation has been you're bad and wrong and you need to kind of, we don't want that anymore and when I say to a multi-generation farmer, I come from a multi-generation farming family, we don't want your product anymore. Part of what we're saying is we don't want you anymore and it's at the level of identity and so it's no great surprise we get some resistance. So we need to cut that out and kind of flip the orientation to say there is a future here. It's actually a better future. What's it going to take to help shift from where we are today to where we need to be? Yeah, Mike, thank you. Thank you. Kia ora, Minister Shah. I'm Mike Hart. I'm the CEO of Sierra Energy out of California and a member of COEA, I work for COEA. I wanted to ask you about waste. In New Zealand it's one of the higher per capita producers of waste and the resulting about 40 million tonnes of greenhouse gas equivalent for methane coming out of the landfills is a significant issue. My company takes waste and turns it to clean energy with 100% recycling, which we've developed in the United States and that's 100% of the entire waste stream and one of the things that we've been having a dialogue over the last few days. You've got my attention. But we've had a dialogue over the last few days about the notion of a zero waste New Zealand. There's only 17.8 thousand tonnes of waste a day which is actually quite manageable and so the notion was would there be a right place to begin a dialogue about taking a technology to actually make New Zealand the first zero waste nation in the world? Yes, there is. Yeah, I'm in the right room. Yeah, so that's eugenie.sage at parliament.govd.nz. So my colleague Minister Eugenie Sage is Minister of Conservation and National Parks but also she's the Associate Minister for the Environment with Responsibility for Waste and it is one of the four big environmental priorities of this government is to deal with waste and I know many of you will know Vicky Robertson, the CEO of Ministry for the Environment has been struggling with the fact that she's resourced up to deal with one environmental priority and we have four but waste has been one of the things and we're going to be doing some big circular economy kind of strategic system shift stuff this year. We did a very symbolic move last year which was the phase out of single use plastic bags but that as an old colleague of mine used to say is merely the gateway drug to the larger problem and so we're very interested and we do see it as a source of innovation and creating local industry and so on and I have to say so New Zealand as you have noticed there's almost no one who lives here, right? Except in Auckland which has about as many people as a large suburb of San Francisco and so we've had the luxury of exporting our waste into the environment or shipping it to China and both of those options are now closed to us because we're running out of space to merely throw things in a hole in the ground and China doesn't want our rubbish any more good on them and so that's forcing us to take responsibility for it so this is the year this is the year for that. Kia ora, thank you very much. Kia ora James. I was just wondering given the kind of nature of the three year election cycle and the fact that when we look at politics our elected officials are often times kind of drawn away from passing really hearty policies I suppose around environmental issues and then they also put their reelection or careers at risk or risk having that undone within the next election cycle what can we do as citizens to both pressure and support our elected officials to really pass the kind of drastic measures that we need within politics? One minute, 24 on the clock. Okay, I have a list. But unfortunately there is no short answer to that right? But a few things so you're absolutely right that there's a big tension there and the stuff that is really going to make a difference is stuff that deals with the system as a whole so the zero carbon act when it comes to climate change reforms to emissions trading scheme when it comes to waste the things that we're going to be launching later on this year are kind of very much at the level of system and that's actually what politics is good for because it is the institution that can deal with some of those kind of system level shifts but there is a short term imperative and we need to kind of strike a balance of doing things that shift the system that are kind of too complex to make it onto the front pages of the newspaper versus banning single use plastic bags which does make it onto the front page because it's a tiny part of the overall problem but is symbolic of the overall thing but one thing that the people in this room in particular can do because I think you're better equipped to do it than just about any other group in society is actually to start shouting about the system stuff as well because I just think most of it never gets seen and it's not just the political structures the media structures that we have aren't designed to kind of deal with that like they find it really hard because of the pressures on them and so that kind of stuff comes from elsewhere you know we can talk about it all we like but as you'll notice I'm not given to snappy answers so that would be one thing I think another thing is to advocate for change the political system itself most of us in it are very aware of how much it needs to change but we feel that we can't lead on that because it looks self-interested and like we're making up our own set of rules that can only really come from outside so having a constitution that deals with some of those kinds of systemic issues in the political domain are one of those things and I was a process facilitator before I got into politics and one thing that we say is that the quality of the outcome is almost entirely a product of the process by which you get to that outcome and if you want to create really good outcomes for the future of New Zealand can I tell you you would not design the process of parliament and so that fundamentally needs a redesign if it's going to be able to deal with some of those really multi-generational challenges Just to say thank you for doing the job you do and for being with us today and I can't imagine anything more fabulous than on Friday in front of parliament addressing all those students who are out of school to protest for the future so have a great time on Friday Thank you