 greetings of the day to all my learners, viewers. I am Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Education, SS Khanna Girls' TD College, University of Allahabad. Today we will take a very interesting and short topic, criteria and norm-referenced test. Okay, so let's start. First of all, I have to explain it in Hindi for my Hindi learners too. First of all, criteria-referenced test and norm-referenced test. We read this in Educational Measurement and Evaluation. This is in BA's syllabus, MA's syllabus, BAD's syllabus and MAD's syllabus as well. So it is very wide range. Second, short notes are asked. If you understand its concept, it is very easy and you can write it. Second, objective type questions are also asked. So if we understand the concept, we will put a tick on the right option and we will not make a mistake. So criteria-referenced and norm-referenced test. When we read the assessment, when we read the evaluation, when we read the testing, then let's start knowing what this is. Criteria-referenced test is a type of test. The test is the test taker's ability to understand a set curriculum. In this test, a curriculum is set with the beginning of the class, which is then explained by the instructor. In this, a curriculum is set before the class, which is the particular set before the test, which you will be asked a question and this is given to you by the instructor. At the end of the lesson, when the part is over, the test is used to determine how much did the test taker understand. And when the part is over, then why is the test taken? To check this, to confirm this, how much did you understand that portion? It means that we are referencing how test taker's score compares to a criteria such as the cut score or body of knowledge. Compare a person's knowledge and skills against a pre-determined standard, learning goal, performance level and other criteria. These tests often use cut scores to play students into categories such as basic, proficient and advanced. Then, here the performance of other students does not affect a student's score. They do not even care about the impact or the interpretation of the score. These are the things to be taken into special care of. Now I will summarize this and you will understand. And what are its characteristics? Authority. Authority is related to validity. That is, this is the same Naap Rai which has been made for Naap. Consistency is related to reliability because we know that reliability means consistency should be in our scores. Practicality. I mean, it is practically possible. There is not so much standardization in this. So we can say that it is an easily administered test. Subject mastery. It is checked that how much mastery you have on the subject and managed locally. That is, any classroom teacher can perform this test on a local level. No need for a national level. Okay. Before starting the norm reference, let me give you a simple example. You will understand. For example, we give normal examinations at the end of the semester. We have the pass number of 100 to 33. That means we will pass the pass number of 100 to 33. If we pass the pass number of 33, then we will fail. That is, what is this 33? It is a criteria. What is it? It is a predetermined. What is it? How are the other students performing? It will not affect our performance. That means, if we have secured the 34th number, then we pass it in every situation. We don't care about the other 90 or 90. So, what else to check? Minimum level of knowledge. Minimum level of learning. For MLL, if we pass this number, then we will pass it. If we are on 33, then we are basic. If we are on 60, then we are proficient. If we are on 89, then we are advanced. That means, the criteria here is standard. That is predetermined. We will not know after the examination that what is going on the cutoff. The cutoff is done first. And in the norm, the opposite is here. There is no previous interpretation. And everything depends on how the other students perform. You will get clear now. Norm reference test. It is a type of test. This test is the type of test that assesses the test taker's ability and performance against other test takers. That means, we judge and assess the ability of the test taker here. Not against any predetermined standard. The performance of other students and competitors. Then it helps to determine the position of the test taker. It is a predefined population. That means, the position of the test taker here, which is the student's status, is against the entire population. We have to test it. Then norm reference means that we are referencing how your score compares to other people. Norm means that we are given an average of a norm. It does not indicate whether or not they met or exceed a specific standard or criteria. This does not mean that we did not fulfill a specific standard or criteria. We did not fulfill a specific standard or criteria. Then here, an individual student's percentile rank describes their performance in comparison to the performance of students in the norm group, whose comparison is called the norm group. So, our percentile rank tells us how our performance is. For example, we are in the 70th percentile. That means we are doing better than 70 percent, but we are doing better than 30 percent. Then these test reports, whether test takers performed better or worse than a hypothetically average student, which is determined by comparing scores against the performance results of a statistically selected group of test takers, typically of the same age or grade level. What does the same age and grade level mean? Pre-defined population. Statistically selected group means norm group. We have to compete against a hypothetically average student. Normally, when we give a competitive examination, we assume a hypothetically average that this will be cut off. However, if the examination is very difficult, then the cut-off is lower. If the examination is very easy, then the cut-off goes up. That means, no matter how we perform, this does not depend on our performance. We will get 80 percentile. We will get 80 percentile. However, if the coefficient papers are simple and the students are securing 95 percentile, then we will not be able to compete and we will not be able to get to the cut-off in the examination. This means of the norm referenced. Then, Here scores are generally reported as percentile ranking. They are usually based on some form of national standards, not locally determined standards or curricula. These are all nationally determined standards. What is the criteria? Criteria reference. Local standard. We are doing everything in the classroom. Then test questions are carefully designed to accentuate performance. Differences among test takers not to determine if students have achieved specific learning standards, learn it certain material and acquire specific skills and knowledge. We will also win. This is what it means. We do not know how much we have achieved. It does not mean that everyone is doing this. If everyone is doing bad, then we are doing bad. But if everyone is doing good, then we will have to do good. I have understood this well from this example. Consider that a student has scored 90 percentile in the math exam. So, how can we interpret this in both ways? If the cut score was 80 percentile, that is, if there is a criteria reference and we assume that the cut score is 80 percentile, then what is the child? It is close because it has 90 percentile. He has come up from the cut score. But if the average score was 75 percentile in the examination, then what will be said? Even then, he has performed well. He has performed on top of the class. This is a non-referenced interpretation. So, we can interpret both ways in the same score. But if the average score was 95 percentile, consider that the cut score was 80 percentile. But if the average score was 55 percentile, then what will happen? That he has performed below the class average score. Whereas, the interpretation of the criteria reference will not change. It has passed. Why? Because the cut score was 80 percentile. Okay? So, this is the difference between criteria and non-referenced. There is a standard pre-determined criteria. First, it is certain that how much you have studied. How much you know. You have to consider this. Whereas, there is nothing wrong in the non-referenced. Everything depends on what the average performance is. How the average population is reacting, performing. What is your norm? If you are doing better than the norm, then you are in the topmost position. If you are worse than the norm, then you will not be able to compete in the cut-off score. It is certain later. How is the performance of the population? Okay? So, there are competitive examinations. Sad, dead. All this. CT, TT, TET, CTET, etc. This will be non-referenced. Your classroom and end of the examination, Salana exam, Chamahi exam, Timaahi exam, etc. Criteria will be referenced. Okay? Generally, you do not have to say Salana, Chamahi, Timaahi. Half year D, annual. Isn't it? Okay? Okay. Done from my side.