 Yeah, so quickly welcome to the Deutsche Museum from my side as well I'm thrilled that you are here tonight because I got you to know when I was on a on an event I think it was half a year ago, and I thought it's a really nice format and I hope you can provide this location now for for 15 times 4 as well in the Deutsche Museum now so um who am I and why am I standing here so I'm a trained physicist or physics teacher and I like to mess around with old stuff or with rubbish sometimes as well so people might ask okay Why are you in a museum? Ah, that's why you are in your museum other would say This is really old cool stuff But I like to mess around as well was really rubbish and I will show you in a couple of minutes What I mean with this because I like to interact with people to understand more about science Science and technology. This is the perfect location in Munich or in Europe or wherever Because the Dutch a museum is one of the biggest science museums in in Europe at least and We do have really cool Artifacts and stuff and if you have some time in between you might want to stroll around as well in the museum a little bit but be aware Parts actually half of the museum is closed temporarily because we are in a process of renewing Ourself and we will open in 2020. We will open 19 new exhibitions Which are just in the process of renewing and I think it's really nice because outside We have some sponsors and like with the robotic stuff and that fits directly to what we will open up in 2020 We will for example have a new robotics exhibition And so now you can see stuff that you won't be able to see like the old ships and everything That's just to let you know if you have some spare time in the afternoon Go in the museum and check it out. But For now I want to have a little bit of interactives with you because the Dutch a museum is as well well known for its interactive demos and This format the science shows we are doing now or that I am doing with you now is one of these parts of the interactive elements of the museum and Yeah, as I mentioned before already Welcome here and Damn it. Didn't we do the the technical rehearsal before? Nobody realized Can you read it on the top? So over yet the yellow thing what is written there? Yeah, can you read it? Okay, yeah, I mentioned it before so you knew it probably what I wanted to say But maybe we should correct this is a bit shame. It's a mess up So oh who else wants to read it out now So I think we have a quite a Russian community. Maybe this sounds a bit Russian No, can you try? No Yeah, thanks So you see I like to mess around as well with your brain a little bit Because you even now know that I was writing rubbish there. It was not totally rubbish I admit but your brain works like this and we will hear a little bit more about senses today as well so it fits pretty good and Your brain needs these senses, but your brain doesn't work like Autonomous it doesn't like take all the senses and don't filter it at all your brain filters quite a lot and it actually builds The world around you that you perceive with your senses it builds it up on the knowledge that your brain has Gotten before so like you learned to read to read English you can speak English hopefully and So that's why your brain makes sense your brain is actually a kind of a sense-making machine It reads something and then connects it to the known stuff before and it makes sense There's written welcome to the Deutsche smoothie. No Fum no, okay, so even if you know it your brain makes sense everywhere and That's a thing. I'm a teacher. I used to be a teacher before that's pretty important to know or to be aware of that Do you know this thing nürnberger-trüchter? We call it in Germany That was the idea like hundreds of years ago how you teach students. You just have like a funnel. Is it a funnel trüchter? Funnel put it both and then everything it. No, of course We all know that doesn't work and the reason is this we call it constructivism in We are when we talk teachers and teachers, you know, and so today Quite a lot of people were here. So these two guys they couldn't come I should say sorry I invited them but they have no time today. You know them Yes, I'll find with them No, what's wrong Some something something is wrong with the eyes, right, but in the first glance you you Realize who these are these people? Who is it actually? George and Angie, you know, yeah for every gender, of course, they have somebody and if I flip them around now Something weird happens in your brain If I would have started with these pictures Your brain or use would have not maybe in the first glance realized who these people are and you would have immediately Seen that there's something wrong and this is again if we talk about senses and how we built our reality This is the same thing if we see somebody we or if we see the world We cannot manage all the informations in a time So our brain takes important parts eyes mouth to realize if we know these people and If we have it the upside down then we immediately see oh, that's not right and On the other hand if these parts are right, we still realize if we know these people or not so just a little bit about Yeah, a perception because this is I think a really important thing if we talk about Learning about learning in general and as well about learning with science for me It's really important to proceed to make perceptions with experiments with phenomena, and that's why we do these science shows Okay, so I thought we can do something locally today but then normally I do science and technology with tradition in in various beer, of course we need beer and But it's it's a daily. It's it's a It's not an evening Thing we do today. So I thought okay, maybe we don't brew beer on stage and drink it interactive. It might be the wrong Yeah setup. So but as well, what do we have traditionally in Munich like the October fest beers important and Music is important. So I thought okay, let's do some music together and take music as and Yeah, a point to learn about science and on the October fest. We have a big band We don't have fear, but actually we can build a little band today In the museum. We do have exhibitions. These are not interactive as I said before sometimes. It's really old and very Unique stuff you cannot touch but then let's do some stuff that is not so unique and for this we do have These tubes here and maybe you can help a little bit to hand them out. So um these tubes Now I come to the rubbish part of my life. This is actually it's not rubbish. I bought it at the at the Worker, you know, how do you say? Baumarkt in English Storage the the store Baumarkt help No, you don't you don't have it in English language. No Okay Yeah, where you bought by bricks and stuff and hammers and stuff So but please now before you take all the long tubes I know you guys you like long tubes more probably Take just randomly, please we need need tubes from every size in the audience audience and These tubes I cut them in a specific length and we will see what happens if you cut them in a specific legs Your task is now you should be my band and make Music with these instruments. Do you want some? Yeah more No, who else? You're afraid of throwing. Yeah, okay. I understand. Um, so before you start trying out We don't have the time to clean this every time. Yeah, you know I mean you all have an idea of how to make sound with this. Uh, I mean I now, uh How do you say op fun? I op for myself I sacrifice myself for science now. Okay. I mean we do this with lots of school kids and kindergarten kids So I sacrifice myself and this you know No, doesn't work. You have to close it. This is like a pan flute Don't do it There are germs around and everything. Don't do it. Please Okay, this works. How else can we make sound with this tube? Nice Maybe this yeah Is okay. It's not great. I have to say How else more ideas that sounds kind of okay, where did this come from? Yeah, you you can all do a plows, right? This you can So now use one of these and one hand All right Sounds nice as well Even if I like a plows too By the way, no, um, so if you just push it on your hand that works And now you might have realized that we have different tones here in the audience now and let's check Here we go If we can play a little bit with it, so we should have these six tones so Like let's start with black black black black. Do we have black black people? Uh, not black here. Sorry, uh black Two people here. Okay. Yeah, right. Give me some feedback with Tone that sounds good. Do we have uh gray is actually just without anything blank Yep, that sounds good yellow Do we have yellow? Sounds good too. So red is like orange a little bit Okay, a bit rare green good blue Very good And anybody without tube You can no Man, I really wanted to throw Anybody else grab yourself one so Now that was okay ish, but um, let's try this I hope you are still fit and Your perception works So actually what is this one dot means one bob. Okay. Um, that's easy. What is this? Silence, it's a pause for physicists, uh, or it's yeah Why is it silence? Yeah, and I will count and you will all follow my Guidance and I think we have something about leadership. I just saw later on so that fits as well a bit and um Let's give it a try One two three four More guys come on, what's this? Maybe I should try a different leadership now Um, okay concentration. Yeah Silence silencio Okay One two three four Pretty good. That was great. Yeah, thanks a lot so Before you feel a bit bad about the multi tone thing I think that's my fault because I didn't think about if students or you guys are Bored you just peel it and then we have a multi tone blank Number or you know what I mean, however, I think that worked fine And and now I want to go a little bit in deep with you about the science behind it And how does it come that a tube? With different lengths makes different tones and we can play a little. Yeah Song with it, uh easy like that and uh, as you all know sound is something has something to do with waves Sound wave that's something even somebody without any physics background might know and for this um Physicists love um models and they love to make models to get The idea of different things and for this to show you one model about waves And traveling waves. I would to invite somebody to help me Just to be on the stage here and hold this. Yeah, that's great. Thanks a lot So this is just a normal string a little bit elastic to make it nicer and um Let's make a wave with this string here and uh, you just have to hold actually it's really a very Yeah, tough job there. Um, so how can we make a wave with this thing? You all know you just Hammer on it and then you see a wave traveling and be reflected on the other end as well That's one way of waves actually this wave and if you are a physicist now you can talk about Longitudinal and transfer little waves. This is a Transfizzle wave. I think it's the English word for it. I have no idea actually So the idea is that the wave travels in this direction you can see But the string is going up and down. That's like octagonal Through this traveling direction. However This is something we can have different waves like a wave traveling We can hammer on and then there happens something you see like this There are multiple waves and this is actually what we just have when we hammer in our hands if we if we applause Then you have different wavelength different tones and this is just noise actually um, what happens when you have a specific tube length Is something different or similar let's say, um, this is uh, comparable if we have it with a specific Rhythm going then you see we have like Let's say if I count always when it's to the top one two three four five That's a very low frequency tone. You won't hear it probably It's a frequency of one maybe one hertz for the nerds under us. Um, and uh So if I want to fasten it that it's going faster we can try But what actually happens it's just going higher in in the, uh Amplitude what physicists would say it's just more energy in it, but it's not going faster. It's still one two three four It's still the same frequency What physicists would say if we want to have a different frequency That's the same with the tube one tube makes one frequency one tone And we want to have a different frequency. We have to shorten it Let's shorten it by half half Somehow so what happens now? So yeah, you can do it perfect. You're a physicist, right? Yeah, ah, yeah So what's the frequency now? Let's count it one two three four. It's double frequency. It's double Amount in the same time period coming up and down So this is actually a standing wave because what we just have here Is um the reflected wave on the other side is Adding to the wave that i'm producing. So it's a standing wave This is the first standing wave we can produce the cool thing with these models. We can even show another Level of standing waves if we double the Frequency now here. So now you have to hold because it's a little bit tricky you can try then and um We can double now the frequency here and see what happens. So one two three four And it's even easier if we rotate it so you can see it probably better Yeah You want to try or you want to hold? Okay, thanks so Okay, so this is really easy now and what you see now is a standing wave two with two Waves let's say and in the middle we have a knot There actually the rope is not moving at all And this is something we can even go higher and higher if we go faster now double the the the frequency free We can even get two of these knots So this is the standing wave in the in the third Dimension or not dimension in the third level And and higher do you want to try with three knots now? If you rotate yeah rotate one Okay, before you hurt yourself, maybe we try later so i'm not responsible Thanks a lot of applause for you Um now what i just showed you that we have standing waves in different levels That's maybe the question if we can have it here too. So you see um Here if you make it harder it just hurts doesn't doesn't work If you um, yeah, it doesn't work actually, but if you blow you can have first standing wave And if I now blow harder that works indeed, maybe You can hear it. This is much higher. It's uh the multiple of the first level frequency standing wave. So um if you want to have this more Uh Sophisticated you would build maybe something like this and then we are back in our exhibition where we have like the or organs organs. I think it's called and here That's a bit nicer, huh? If I blow hard here too You see that's the same thing Okay, now let me get back to our tube as well I want to show you a simple demonstration That shows you that this has to do With the same phenomena and we call this phenomena the the addition of um traveling waves that waves I think if you say add up You call it um resonance And so I have a tube here a little bit nicer than those you have there But it has two holes as well. What happens when I put it in this glass of water What changes One end is closed and if I can now Raise it or lower it what happens as well The water level yeah and um what happens to the tube It's Inner volume is is is less so so the lengths of the tube can be adjusted. Let's say um and now I have another Little gimmick, um this kind of fork Not for eating of course, you know it um if I hammer it on do you hear something? No, how can I make it louder? Oh Really loud No, you can't hear it You can try later if you do this I can show you can do this with a table as well I think you guys in the front you hear it and now We have to check if the If the sound is good here good enough Otherwise I have to cheat what I want to show you now. This makes a tone which is called 512 do we have musicians here? Yeah, what what does it mean 512 512? Hurts yeah, what is it? What kind of tone is it? musicians around Yeah, you can try it's a c. Yeah. Yeah, of course Yeah, this is a c. So it's just one tone. Yeah, and um I want to Check now what happens if I hold it here and now I prolong the length of the tube Do you hear it in the back as well? I can go a bit with my mic there No, it's not cheating The longer the tube the louder it gets right Okay, so it should be loudest When I'm there No, ah the shorter the tube the louder it gets No Damn it. So what's the case with it? It's science. Yeah, it's science. Okay, it's done. It's science. Good answer Maybe you might have realized that it's actually just one length that fits and that makes resonance It makes it louder by resonance because the sound actually fits in this specific length So a specific length makes a specific tone actually So what we have in our tubes here is kind of a filter we filter out The sound that fits in this length of the tube And by this we can Play a song if we have a different tone now. Let's see if this works. This is 1024 it's a c as well. It's one Level higher one How do you call it? Ah, yeah, thanks for this Okay, that should it be shorter now or longer So we had this for 512 Shorter, let's check There it was Here we go and it's actually half the length. Yeah double the frequency half the lengths the same thing we just saw with the With the gummy thing there. Okay So but there's one point that is not really working well with this model and it's always with these models They're nice to see but it's not really like it is in real because Sound is not a traveling wave like we saw it on the on the string it's more Comparable with a string that looks like And by chance I do have it of course With a string like this that's flexible too, and now we'd need again a hand to hold on stage Volunteers Great, thanks a lot. So for start, um, maybe just hold the string here Looks a bit rubbish. It is rubbish. Yeah And uh, let me do this ah this we skip so um So this is more like the model that is fitting to what happens with sound maybe you can Pull it a bit more, right? Thanks So do you all see the the elements of the string that we could think would be the air element the the molecules or whatever particles of air And if we have sound traveling What is really important to understand that not the whole string moves. It's not like if I clap Sound or air comes like this to you. Sorry. It's a demonstration. So, um, it's more like air stands still and Just the wave is traveling just the energy is by this wave and we can see this maybe I try if I clap Something like a compression of air happens here and this travels And comes back as well. Do you see Yes or no? Yes, thanks I have to tell my kids always to answer properly. Yeah, I know this problem So You see the wave is coming back. This is more the correct model of um sound waves propagating Do you say this in english as well? Yeah, and but the cool thing about this demo is something A little side effect. I just discovered so if you would hold Uh, or maybe actually I do it Yeah And you do I have this do you have something? No, no, we will try do you have something to hammer on the string like a lighter Metal yeah metal is great So because what I discovered recently If I don't hold it here, but I hold it on this. This is just an empty, uh, bean box or whatever And what happens now if you hammer like this maybe on the Ooh Do you hear this? What does it remind you of? Oops, I always skip signs. We don't do signs I wanted to explain you how this works You can ask me later. I wanted to show you now this um Whoa, okay, okay, I'm scared now Okay, so how does it come that this sound sounds like a Laser cannon. Thanks. I need your hand one more time. Um So, how does it come that sounds like it's laser cannon. It's two questions in one question actually So one is the physical question. Uh, why is this sound like the sound and maybe for this, um, hold it here We shorten the length of the spiral and now do it Bam, this is what we expect kind of yeah now it makes bam now prolong the the tube make again do That's still not a laser cannon more Yeah, more Now I think we can kind of hear it So the longer The material the better we hear the laser cannon So and now how does a laser cannon actually sound like can you describe it a cow makes Moo, yeah, and a laser cannon max makes Pew Okay, and by saying pew what actually do we say thanks a lot By saying pew. What do we do p is a high pitch tone p and u is a low pitch Tone with lower frequency pew and this is what happens here. This is at the beginning It's just noise if we have a short Uh material it makes just bull the longer the material gets The the the the wider it's spread the tone because higher frequencies travel faster through the material And lower frequency they are slower And this is actually something that we rather know from light You all have seen a rainbow Same effect white light is like noise. Let's say and we can see colors because they have different traveling speed of traveling And I don't go in details now. Don't worry. Um, but it's the same effect in theory. So This is the first part of the question. Why physically it works like this second part of the question Why does it sound like a laser cannon? And uh, that's quite interesting because this guy, uh, he's a sound engineer in hollywood Um, he that dan bird, I think he's called and He this is a picture where he took the sound of the laser cannon because laser cannon It doesn't exist for all those who still think it does. Um, I did it a long time. Yeah for myself as well Of course, it doesn't have a sound So he had to find a sound for it that fits and he found like this is one of these antennas big antennas And it's just a straight string Here we have it just rolled up doesn't make a difference. So what we need is a long String and we hammer on and then we can have this laser sound So it will be a big disappointment if in 100 200 years we will really have laser cannons. Um, and they make A different sound definitely probably. Yeah. Yeah, um, but that's a different problem so, um Do we have two minutes more or? One minute, okay Fast experiment. Um, so the last experiment you can do at home is something that we come back to traditions. Um You can do like this here. Uh, if you want to build a short version of this alporn you just need This and this So, um, what you do you just take the straw Do it between your teeth Actually, actually small stuff is is boring. Let's do it bigger I don't know why you have these long straws. No idea. Uh So flatten it then no, let's Again, so like this and then you cut like an Like an arrow out of it and then you can blow Thanks Half a minute left 20 seconds. Do you want to help me then you are on stage already? Um Do you want to help me blow the horn? To to make a a song out of it. So what you now it's cool if you I mean, that's perfect for me. Don't come up the stage, please So, uh, your task is now cut the straw while I am blowing Oh wait, wait, okay, okay Okay So it's but it's the problem is it's really a one-way instrument. It doesn't work in the other direction. All right Thanks a lot for joining, uh, the science demo at the beginning of 15 times four I wish you a lot of fun with Uh 15 times four here at dodgy museum if you want to do more shortly a little advertisement If you want to do more of these hands-on experiments and even in another location like with having dinner I'm doing as well science dinners If you want you can inform yourself on the website or on facebook. So thanks a lot. Have a lot of fun and Yeah