 Welcome Milan and Yamikani. We are about to kick off our discussion about the enhanced transparency framework today. Can you please introduce yourself? Thank you so much. It's a great pleasure to be here and my name is Yamikani Idris from Malawi. I'm an environmental officer in the Ministry of Natural Resources and Climate Change, but I'm also a transparency expert at national level and international level. I am the coordinator for the LDC on transparency and I'm also a technical expert reviewer under the UNFCCC. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you Fernanda. It's good to be here discussing the enhanced transparency framework with you. My name is Milan. Milan Dungana. I work for the Ministry of Forest and Environment in Nepal. I work in the Climate Change Management Division which looks into the climate-related activities and negotiations. I lead the section that is responsible for the climate reporting under the UNFCCC as well as the Paris Agreement. Thank you. So as COP 27 approaches, we are hearing more and more about the enhanced transparency framework and the importance of getting ready for its implementation. But before going into the details of what it is and what's about that framework, I would like to ask you what we mean by transparency? Before I get to your question, for us, we take transparency as a backbone of the Paris Agreement. And when we say transparency, we mean countries being transparent about their action as they are taking on two key areas. That's the action and the support. So when we say action, this is the action countries are taking to adapt to impacts of climate change and to reduce their emissions. And the supports, we usually talk about the technical and financial support to implement those actions. So in simple terms, if you are a developed country, that means reporting on the support you have provided to developing countries. And if you are a developing country, that means you are reporting on the support you need and the support you have received to implement your actions. So the ETF is a reporting framework which guides countries in how to report on these activities. So the activities I mean the action as well as the support. So the overall idea is that by using this framework, we will have a real clear picture on how countries are delivering on the commitments they made in the Paris Agreement. And this picture on how the countries are delivering can give us now a big picture on how we are doing collectively to achieve the Paris Agreement goal of limiting temperature increase to 1.5 degree Celsius. And by the use of the word enhanced, I understand that the enhanced transparency framework is a tougher, is an enhanced reporting system than the one we've had until now, right? Yeah, it's a much tougher system Fernanda. So firstly, in terms of the information that countries need to provide, it's more comprehensive. As I mentioned before, we need to report the support as well as the actions. So for an example, the countries need to submit the full greenhouse gas inventory reports. And it also requires much more detailed information about the emissions than in the past that we are doing right now. And countries also need to provide much more information on how they are implementing and achieving their national climate plans. Sometimes we call it the nationally determined contribution as well. This includes the information on the mitigation and adaptation as well as the loss and damage due to the climate change. So for example, how countries are implementing their emission reduction plants and adaptation plants or the actions they are taking to minimize and address the loss and damage due to the climate change. Gathering such information domestically is also a challenge for the LDCs as we lack a robust international arrangement for information and data sharing. And secondly, its frequency is also challenging to report those kinds of comprehensive information every two years. This is also a very challenging task for the countries like LDCs that doesn't have such kind of experience in reporting before. Okay, thanks Milan. So it really seems a lot indeed a lot of work. And I was wondering what will be the benefits then of having this tougher reporting system. The benefits will be created and also by mentioned by Milan, it's indeed a tougher system and we expect us to be well-versed enough and later. But the toughness comes with a lot of benefits and the really transparency is about exposing what countries are doing and what they are not doing. So there's no way to hide for all the countries. So the benefit is that countries become more accountable. They are under the spotlight, everyone will be seeing, everyone will be reading the reports and they are open to more scrutiny. And this is a good thing. It put pressure on countries to deliver what they said they will do, meaning that everyone will be able to check what countries promised in their M.D.C. Because it's voluntarily the M.D.C. their national commitments. We saw parties are committing to becoming net zeal. Others are committing to provide more financing. So this will put them under pressure to deliver. And also it is going to build trust. When countries show they are paying their part, deliver what they promised, it builds mutual trust between parties. And the tougher, more stringent in his response from it is big part of building trust through the framework and clearly see what actions have been taking. And we can clearly see whether they are delivering what they said they would or if they are really going back on their promises. So this is absolutely fundamental because trust lies at the very heart of the parts agreement. The success of the whole parts agreement really depends on the trust. Everyone has to do his or her part to deliver what they have promised. And the trust will be key. So thanks, Yamikani. So now you made it clear that having this tougher reporting system brings benefits such as increasing countries accountability and building trust in the Paris agreement. But is there a but Mila on this new system? Well, yes, there is a big, big but as we talked before, like it needs more comprehensive reporting. So this comprehensive reporting demands more resources and more capacity and more expertise and more knowledge. So these things are particularly challenging for the LDCs from the institutional and from the experience point of view. The LDCs are ambitious. We are committed to doing everything we can do to meet the requirement of the enhanced transparency framework under the Paris agreement. But the reporting is more comprehensive and complex and the new elements have been added in the reporting and the information needed is very detailed. And those information that requires in the reporting and domestically has scattered in many places. So we need to find those places and to just pack the information in one place. So and we have a very limited experience of reporting in the past. Many LDCs are reporting a few reports in the past so that all of these puts LDCs under huge strain on the reporting. And that is why we need more technical and financial support from the developed country parties. And this was agreed in the Paris agreement as well. Developed countries who have an experience in comprehensive reporting need to provide support to implement the ETF and build a reporting capacity as well. And you are negotiators and also transparency experts from LDC countries. So as a transparency expert, what advice can you give to other LDCs who want to report under the ETF? Well, that's a very good question for Amanda. It is really very important to clearly understand the information that is required in the reporting and that is we can start from there. So we have a number of decision texts and as well as the detailed guidelines on those matters available online as well. So we need to conserve those kind of documents to just list out those information that are required for the reporting in the enhanced transparency framework. That will be the first step for the countries. So we need also important to look into the stakeholders that has those kind of information. We need to identify the institutions that might be able to provide the information and that data that are required for the reporting under the enhanced transparency framework data on the actions as well as data on the support and data on the adaptation and loss and damages that all talked before. And also we need to strengthen their system of reporting and data flows based on their current system. So we already have some experience in the reporting. It is much much less experienced than the developed country parties, but we have communicated national communication reports with some of us have reported the biennial update reports. So we can just build on those kind of information and those kind of system that's that is already in place. And also the most important another thing is we need to communicate to our stakeholders that the that about the benefit of the reporting as well. It is not only the fulfillment of the Paris Agreement obligations, but the reporting also took a look back and review our progress on the climate actions taken by the nations as well. So that is how we can establish a sustainable institution institutional framework as well as the data flow system for reporting on the under the enhanced transparency framework. Well, that's that's great. So a lot about knowing what are your needs are your gaps and your capacity needs and about building systems and just talking about your own countries like more and more and concrete examples. What stage of the preparatory work are you in or or what are the things that are you doing in Nepal Milan? Well, as I mentioned before, we are just building on the on the on the foundations that we already have in MRV. So our measurement reporting and verification system that is that is already in the place. So we just start from there. We also prepared a framework for reporting under the ETF on the basis of those MRV systems that is already there. And we also did the mapping of the stakeholders. So what kind of stakeholders are very important during the reporting during the data collection or during the during the implementation of the enhanced transparency framework. We also continuously doing our capacity building activities as well with the help of the UNFCCC secretariat. And we have some kind of bilateral cooperation with the countries to enhance the capacity of reporting and making a system of data data flow and and making the institutional framework more sustainable. So we have also prepared a syllabus for the short courses on the enhanced transparency framework with the collaboration with the University in Nepal. So that will that will help us to more systematically develop the capacity of the people that is engaged in the enhanced transparency framework as well. Okay, that sounds like a very solid first starting point, Milan. And what is happening in Malawi, Yamikani, what is your country doing to get on board with the ETF? Thank you so much. And Lily, let me start by appreciating what Milan has said and Malawi in this case we have learnt a lot from what has been presented by Milan. Starting from setting up the systems, linking with the universities as well as enhancing our national capacity of experts. And Lily in Malawi, we are also doing similar strides I think under the CBIT project. So far, I think we have already initiated developing of an information management system which will be online. And also, we are working with the investors, we are finalizing recruiting the investors, experts who will work on emission factors, want to develop local emission factors in key emission sectors. And also, more importantly, to sustain the reporting process, we want to set up a transparency unit and currently we have initiated the functional review process. One of the experts from the human resource management department, which is a government department entitled for recruiting overseeing the current process in the government is reviewing the, our department is set up so that they should set up a specific unit for transparency which will be able to report experts and indeed, it will be able to provide the resources for those experts to operate strategically for reporting. So those are some of the key progress which we are making and we are hoping that by the end of the project, which ends next year, we should be able to build adequate and strong systems at national level so that we should be ready to report in the long term and under the ETF. Well, that sounds very interesting. And well, moving to my last question and now with your climate negotiator hat on Yamakani and from a transparency perspective, what would need to happen at COP 27 in Egypt in a couple of weeks? COP 26 was very crucial for us because we needed to finalize the MPGs. We needed to agree on the rules which we all adopted at COP 26, but the work doesn't end there. We are now going into a phase where we need to implement the rules which we agreed we adopted at COP 26. So this is a very important process and to be key on that one, we need to finalize on the discussion, on the support, the financial and technical support which will be provided to developing countries in particular the LDCs to fulfill implementation of these stringent and more strong reporting requirements which we all agreed. So that would be key and the key priority for developing countries including the LDCs. We need a concrete decision on that one. And more important today is the adaptation and loss and damage consideration. You are aware that this is one of the key priorities in our MDCs. Most of our MDCs considers adaptation and loss and damage as being on top of our ambitions. So we need to agree on how this information will be considered in the reporting cycle. More important today in the reviews because we need feedback once we submit the report on how we are managing and indeed we are averting the losses and damages as well as adaptation in our respective countries. So these are the key things of which if we agree on those who really put the Paris Agreement in practice and will support most of vulnerable countries to achieve our Paris goals. Thank you. Thank you very much Milan and Yamikani for the chat today and for all your insights and knowledge about enhanced transparency framework. And I hope to see you both in Egypt. Yeah, thank you. See you. Thank you Fernando for this opportunity. Bye. See you.