 First of all, I would like to thank you for being here in Ethiopia and then also thank the organizers for making this happen among us. It's a wonderful time for us also to reflect about ourselves, which was not the case usually. So here I am only trying to share you the context to understand what's going on in this country and this region of Africa and also only to raise some questions. I'm not here to share any solutions as you can imagine how complex the fact is and then the reality is. Probably I would deviate from reading reality from the state minister in sharing the context which trigger urbanization in this country. Here I have a diagram. I call it a disaster loop which characterized this nation for so long where we have a cycle of disasters which gave us a name and an identity and a global stage. You have, I don't have to explain that one in these five minutes. And then the sexist regimes have been trying to break this disaster loop through various local and international attempts, be it a family planning or technology, what not, particularly focusing on rural development. Yes, of course, but one can claim that this disaster loop has been somehow losing up and I argue that it is not yet broken still. So in my view at least, understanding the forces which are driving this crazy, speedy, challenging, I would use the term massive urbanization in this country would help us to address it properly. Unlike European urbanization also urbanization in Asia, of course urbanization that we witness here has different roots, I argue. One of it is the rapid population growth, young, multiple, complex diversities in the population and predominantly rural in terms of culture based on subsistence farming. You can see the numbers which is quite staggering and quite challenging. And then simply to sketch you some sort of a number, I simply project that around five million souls seek a place in cities every year in this country. You can imagine the intensity of urbanization through this number, which means it demands an urban production to a size of Addis Ababa every year, which means we have to build Addis Ababa, one Addis Ababa every year in order to accommodate all these souls. The second one which we have to open up to understand is the environmental challenge, particularly in the areas where the majority of Ethiopians are residing and then also toiling to make life work, which is highlands. Water and fertile land on sides where the majority lives, Ethiopian highlands are the most challenged environmentally landscapes in the world where you have 90% of Ethiopians are living above 1,500 meters. And then these are where lives are happening and these are where the challenges are. And the third one is the regional and local political uncertainties as a driving force for also urbanization. In understanding urbanization, I'm referring to the shift of population from rural areas and rural settlements to urban realities and urban settlements. And regional and local political uncertainties are also one of the forces which are pressuring us. You can imagine what is happening right away and also, oh my God, it goes on. I will just share you some of the things. And the fourth one would be economic opportunities and uncertainties are local and global, uncertainties and opportunities. I think the state minister was also articulating on these facts. Yes, so we hope urbanization would be the last frontier that one has to explore in breaking the loop of disaster in this region, I believe and I hope. And probably when one talks about urbanization, probably reality in this part of the world demands our urbanization trained and modalities and mods and our cities to be envisioned as places for at least environmental rehabilitation. I just want to articulate on this. When I say environmental rehabilitation, that cities which we have to imagine in this part of the world will have to be places to heal the already fragile environment by relieving the rural environment, the rural landscape. I'm not trying to seduce and impress you by claiming this thing. But if this thing has been done, has not been done anywhere else, anyways, we have to do it here. And the other one is probably that our cities have to be envisioned to create opportunities for livelihood production. And of course I'm stopping. And also on the other corner, I argue that our future cities which we have the chance to do have to be envisioned with a special quality and justice worthy of human dignity. I have to stop. Thank you very much.