 antimicrobial resistance is a global health issue caused by the overuse of antibiotics in both humans and animals. Bacteria can develop resistance to antibiotics through various mechanisms such as target modification, altered permeability, or bypassing of metabolic pathways. Genetic analysis can be used to determine the genetic basis of resistance, which can then inform clinicians on how best to use antibiotics in different situations. This article was authored by Darima Kapoor, Saurabh Sadil and Ashok Ilungawan.