 This study found that 55 out of 128 patients, 43%, had anemia with a hemoglobin level below 10 milligrams per DL. Of these patients, only 3, 5% developed pure red blood cell aplasia, PRCA, which is caused by antibodies produced against recombinant human erythropoietin, arhuepo. There was no statistical correlation between age, gender, cause of renal failure, hemodialysis duration, hemoglobin level, or arhuepo dose and levels of anti-arhuepo antibody serum values. This suggests that PRCA can occur in dialysis patients receiving arhuepo regardless of their age, gender, cause of renal failure, hemodialysis duration, or arhuepo dose. This article was authored by Merriam-Rabbar, Zara Chitsazian, Ferozi Abdali, and others.