 This study investigated the prevalence of a cult hepatitis C virus, HCV, infection among Iranian hemodialysis, HD, patients. The results showed that 32.85 percent of the patients had elevated levels of alanine amino transferase, ALT, while 1.43 percent had elevated levels of aspartate amino transferase, AST. Additionally, 7.14 percent of the patients had elevated levels of both ALT and AST. None of the patients had positive results for HCV RNA in their plasma samples, but none of them also had positive results for HCV RNA in their peripheral blood mononuclear cells, PBMCs. This suggests that a cult HCV infection is not present in Iranian HD patients. This article was authored by Ali Eslamafar, Amitiz Ramazani, Hassan Edram, and others.