 All right, we'll be beginning our class for today. The on-campus students have gone on a mission trip, so they would not be here to join us. But then, of course, we will have our Google Classroom students joining in. So we'll get started. If Nina is there, yeah, you are here. Yes. If you could start with a word of prayer, and then we can get into our class. Yes, please go ahead. Gracious Loving Father, are you able to hear me? Oh, yes, yeah, go ahead. Gracious Loving Father, thank you for this day and for this time that you have given us, Lord, to come to your feet and to learn from your word. Thank you, Lord, for all that we have been learning in the classes that have gone by about the person of God himself and all the wonderful things that we are learning to grow in our relationship with you, to know you more. We commit today's class into your hands. Come at Pasadipika and all our other online students who will be joining soon. We pray that we will have a blessed time, learn from you, and grow in you. In Jesus' name, we pray. Amen. Thank you so much. Yes. So we've covered a whole bunch of doctrines so far. And today we will be looking at the doctrine of angels. So if you were to look in your notes, we would see that we've almost reached the end. So doctrine of angels is what we are looking at today. Now, the Bible does not say much about angels. So we don't have too much detail. Yeah, I just wanted to make sure that the recording is on. In case I make any mistakes regarding the recording, please, if you can keep an eye on what I'm doing and make sure that I do it all right. Yes. So yeah, now when it comes to just general folklore and the belief systems of the different religions, there are all kinds of things said about spirit beings, about angels and all of that. But what scripture says is what we would have to accept as true. For instance, in story books and movies from the West, we have this vague idea, I know, presented that when a little child dies, the child turns into an angel and this kind of floating around. They have this idea that very good people who have died, they turn into angels. I mean, all this must have been picked up from some, you know, from some, from some religions in the middle ages, I suppose. And then they were popularized later through fairy tales and all of that. But the Bible never gets human beings and angels mixed up ever. I mean, human beings will stay human beings and so they would either go to heaven or hell. They don't turn into angels. I mean, in no way are angels and humans connected. They are two separate types of creations that God has made. And so, you know, we need to get that very, very clear. Good people don't turn into angels. Little children who pass away do not turn into angels. They go into the presence of God and they enjoy His presence, but they do not turn into angels. So that's just some kind of folklore that got popularized over the ages. So let's look at what actually scripture says about humans and about angels once they are inhabiting heaven, once they are in the New Jerusalem. So, you know, as we do not have the online, on-campus students, you know, reading out the verses, if we could have, you know, three or four of you, you know, taking turns, reading out the verses, it kind of helps. So if someone could please read out Hebrews chapter 12, 22 to 23. Hebrews chapter 12, 22 to 23 please. But you have come to Mount Zion to the heavenly Jerusalem, the city of the living God. It's 11, am I reading the right word? Oh, yes. Oh, yes. Yeah, yeah. Hebrews 12, 22 and 23 please. 23. You have come to thousands upon thousands of angels in joyful assembly to the church of the first born, whose names are written in heaven. You have come to God, the judge of all men, to the spirits of righteous men made perfect. So here, when we look at this particular passage, we see that in heaven and also in the new Jerusalem, which would be, you know, coming, we will have thousands upon thousands of angels. And then it talks about the church of the first born, which would be the believers. And it goes on to describe them as spirits of the righteous that have been made perfect. So these are separate beings. The angels are separate beings who, you know, exist as angels and you have believers who have, whose spirits have been made righteous and perfect. They also inhabit this new Jerusalem, but they inhabit it as, you know, people who have now become part of the church and who are now enjoying eternal life in Christ. So in no way do people become angels at any point of time, okay? So they are described as two separate types of creations. And what else can we look at? Efficience 119 to 21. Yeah, you know, today there would be a lot of Bible verses, simply because, I mean, we just depend upon these verses to know a little bit about angels. Beyond that, we do not have much information. So, you know, thank you, Nina, for reading. But then if others also could pitch in, you know, if we could have different people reading out different verses, it just makes it easier. So if someone could read out Efficience 119 to 21, please. I guess, you know, the first year Google classroom students are not very used to having their Bibles with them. But then, you know, if you could just wanna, you know, one of you could just, a few of you could just quickly go and grab your Bibles and have your Bible with you. And, you know, that way then you can actually read out the verses. Efficience 119 to 21, please. Yeah. And his incomparably great power for us who believe. That power is like the working of his mighty strength, which he exerted in Christ, when he raised him from the dead and seated him at his right hand in the heavenly relish. For above all rule and authority, power and dominion and every title that can be given, not only in the present age, but also in the one cookup. Yes, here it's talking about the position of these beings, you know, these angelic beings. And over here, it's talking about how Jesus Christ has been now seated at the right hand of the father and he is far above all rule and authority and above every power and dominion. And the third phrase that is used over there, you know, in different versions, you have different wording, but the third phrase basically is something like this. It says every title or every name that is every title that is declared, every name that is invoked here, it's talking about humans who invoke certain names. You know, they call upon certain beings and ask them to use their powers on behalf of humans. So basically it's the spirits that are being talked about, you know, these angelic beings that are being talked about over here. So people invoke their name, they call upon them rather than calling upon the creator God, people choose, they call upon this title, you know, in Paul is saying in Ephesians, Jesus Christ is seated far above all rule and authority, including all these names and titles that are invoked, you know, by humans. He is seated above all of that and he will continue to remain superior to them, supreme over them, not only in the present age, but also in the age to come. You know, is how it describes Jesus. So again, saying that Jesus is some kind of a superior angel also would be a very false teaching. There is absolutely no connection. I mean, he is the creator and the angels are nothing but mere created beings. Okay, so that's another thing to keep in mind. So another scripture which talks about his, his supremacy, that would be Colossians 1, 16. If someone could read out, Colossians 1, 16. By him, all things were created that are in heaven and that are on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or principalities or powers, all things were created through him and for him. Yeah, it says over here, of course, the visible realm, you know, what we can see, what humans can see in the natural realm. Those have been created by Jesus Christ. Over here when it says him, it's talking about Jesus Christ. So Jesus Christ is the one who created everything that is seen by us in the natural realm. And what about the things that we are unable to see, the things which are there in the spiritual realm, those two have been created through him and for him is how it describes it over here. So even these supernatural beings have been created through him. And if you notice, this is being written to the Colossian believers. And if you were to read all of Colossians, you would discover that they had some problem creeping in. You know, there were some people who were kind of promoting angel worship. You actually see that term mentioned in chapter two, Colossians chapter two. And so there were some people who seemed to be under the impression that these angelic beings are in some way very great and to be worshiped. And so over here, you know, Paul is very clearly clarifying and saying, you know, what even these things that you think are so great, they too were created through him and for him. You see, even these angels were created for God. They were meant to submit to him and only do his will. And so the fallen beings, the fallen spirits that chose to oppose Jesus, opposed the Godhead, what they did was not right because they were created for God and for his purposes. And so we understand that even Satan who became a fallen angel, when he was originally created, he was created through Jesus and he was actually created for Jesus to submit to his purposes, I know, and to serve God. That was the original purpose. Maybe we could actually look at that, you know, those verses which talk about that, that would be Ezekiel 28, 14 to 15. If someone could please read out Ezekiel 28, 14 to 15, please, yeah. You were anointed as a guardian, Cherub, for so I ordained you. You were on the holy mount of God. You walk among the fury stones. You were blameless in your ways from the day you were created till wickedness was found in you. So it is very clearly saying over here, from the day you were created. And so over here, even as this passage is talking about Satan, it says that he was created. He did not exist from the beginning. So he's just a mere created being and what was he created for? It says in verse 14, it says that he was anointed as a guardian, Cherub. He was meant to guard the holy mount. It says that you were on the holy mount of God. You walked among the fury stones. So he was actually created to be like a guardian to watch over the holy mount, to uphold it, to honor God who is ruling from it and all of that. So that was what he was ordained for. So even he was created by Jesus for Jesus because Jesus is the ruler, the supreme sovereign ruler over all created beings. And so when the angels rebelled, it was a very deliberate conscious rebellion against the one, for whom they were supposed to be serving, for whom they had been created. So they chose to rebel against that. And that is why we are told in Colossians very clearly that we must not indulge in worshiping these angels, whether the holy angels of God who did not rebel or the evil fallen angels, we are not supposed to worship any of them. And this is what Colossians 2.18 says about angel worship. Colossians 2.18. Let no one cheat you, is that it? Yeah, yeah. Yeah, go ahead, go ahead. Yeah. Let no one cheat you of your reward, taking delight in false humility and worship of angels, intruding into those things which he has not seen, vainly puffed up by his fleshly mind. Yeah. So here it talks about people who are boasting about the things that they have seen in the spiritual realm, okay? And based on what they have seen, they are thinking that now they are very full of knowledge. Their unspiritual mind does not even realize that what has come to them is evil. I mean, it's not even godly. So they don't even understand that. And they have started worshiping these things that they are seeing, that they are interacting with in the spiritual realm. And so, in fact, they are criticizing these believers over here in the Colossian church and they are saying, you don't have any such visions. You're not getting any such visitations. So, you know, you people are not really the chosen ones of God. We on the other hand are being visited by angels and they're giving us secret knowledge about things which are not written in the scriptures. And so they were boasting about it. And so here Paul says, you know, don't let people who are worshiping angels and such things, don't let them disqualify you and declare you as not belonging to God because you people are the true believers. And he goes on to say that these people are getting puffed up in their unspiritual minds because they don't really discern the truth. They have allowed themselves to be deceived and led away. And so it is so dangerous to depend on just a vision or a message that you have received in some supernatural manner. We would immediately have to go back to scripture and see whether whatever we have been told in that vision is perfectly in line with scripture or not because if that is not the case, then there is a danger that what has come to us is not from God and rather it is just something evil. And so we are told very clearly not to worship angels, not to very naively accept messages that come to us through these kinds of supernatural means. Now let's look at two passages where you have John. John was a highly respected leader. He was basically functioning out of Ephesus at that time. Long after all the other disciples had passed away, he continued living for a very long time. And so he was one of the main leaders of the church. So from Ephesus, he was basically looking after the mission operations in that entire Asia Minor region and all of that. And so maybe because of that, God chooses him specifically to write to the churches, to the seven churches. He says, send these messages to the churches. So what does it say about him? Let's just look at a couple of passages. We will maybe first look at Revelation 19 versus nine and 10. If someone could read out for us Revelation 19, nine and 10 please. Then he said to me, right, blessed are those who are called in the marriage supper of the lamb. And he said to me, these are the true sayings of God. And I fell at his feet to worship him, but he said to me, see that you do not do that. I am your fellow servant and of your brethren who have the testimony of Jesus. Worship God for the testimony of Jesus is a spirit of prophecy. Okay, so it's the testimony of Jesus, which is the true prophecy from the spirit. So when this angel is revealing the true words of God, the angel is a messenger who is conveying the true words of God. The words that are being spoken are so powerful and so amazing that John, I mean, John who would obviously know better than anyone else, he is unable to control himself and he just falls down at the feet of this being and tries to worship it. And immediately this angel speaks and says, don't do that, I am just a fellow servant with you and with your brothers. So I too have been created to serve Jesus the same way all of you are serving Jesus. So all of us together are just servants of this Jesus. And so he says worship, worship him, worship God for he is the one, Jesus is the one who has the testimony, the true words of life which we need. And so all worship must be directed towards him. So even if we get any messages from angels, they appear in our room and they deliver a powerful and beautiful message, we must remember that the words which they are carrying are just words from God, he is the one to be worshiped. This is just the messenger and the messenger is not to be worshiped. Even when a holy angel comes, we are not meant to worship that angel. We are only meant to receive that message which has been given to us. And the surprising thing is it happens twice, again in Revelation 22, 8 to 9, when John is interacting with one of those angelic beings, it says over there, and when I had heard and seen them, I know that the visions which this angel was revealing, he says, when I had heard and seen these visions, he says, I fell down to worship at the feet of the angel who had been showing them to me. And again, that angel says, don't do that. I am a fellow servant with you and with your fellow prophets. So the thing about having dreams and visions and all of these supernatural events happening to a believer, the danger in that is that you can get misled. You may get attracted to the phenomena itself, where you think, oh, wow, all these things are happening to me, I must be in some way superior to all the others. And in the process of having those wrong thoughts, you may also end up being drawn to these beings that are coming to you, saying, oh, wow, how lovely it would be if I could have one more angelic visitation, if I could have them come into my room and make everything shine and all of that. So never allow your heart to go after the angelic beings. Never worship them. Never let your interest be drawn towards them. Let your focus remain on the Lord. And of course, one day when we see the Lord, we will discover that he's far more glorious than these angels. Angels are just created beings. On the other hand, he who is the creator is infinitely beyond anything, beyond anything that is just created. So at that time, we will realize that there is a very clear difference between him and angels. Right now everything shiny and bright looks very divine to us, but it is good to understand and remember that even holy angels, even though they are good, are not to be worshipped. So worship of angels, very clearly forbidden in scripture. In the same way, at the same time, blasphemy of angels, whether good or evil, good angels and bad angels, blasphemy of angels is also forbidden. What exactly does that mean? Let's look at a couple of passages which talk about that. If we could maybe first read 2 Peter chapter 2 verses 10 to 12. 2 Peter 2, 10 to 12. This is especially true of those who follow the current desire of the flesh and despise authority. Bold and arrogant, they are not afraid to heap abuse on celestial beings. Yet even angels, although they are stronger and more powerful, do not heap abuse on such beings when bringing judgment on them from the Lord. But these people, blasphemy in matters they do not understand, they are like unreasoning animals, creatures of instinct, born only to be caught and destroyed, and like animals, they too will perish. All right, so we are not given much detail about what exactly was being done over here, but the warning is very clear. It says, you know, even the holy angels don't do this, you know, don't participate in this kind of behavior. So we humans also should not be doing that. And almost the same wordings are again used in Jude. Jude, you know, Jude has only one chapter. So in Jude verses 8 to 10, almost the same thing is repeated. It talks about ungodly people who have polluted their own bodies and it says reject authority and heap abuse on celestial beings. It's talking about this ungodly people who are rejecting authority and heaping abuse on celestial beings. And then it goes on to say, even Archangel Michael, when he was disputing with the devil about the body of Moses, did not himself dare to condemn him for slander, but just said, the Lord rebuke you. And then it goes on to say in Jude 10, yet these people slander whatever they do not understand and the very things they do understand by instinct as irrational animals do, will destroy them. And so almost the same thing is repeated in 2nd Peter and in Jude. And you know, there are different theories about what exactly these, what kind of wrong behavior these people were indulging in. We just see that in both places, in both passages it says that they were despising authority, that they were being bold and arrogant and that they were heaping abuses on these celestial beings. And we get to know that these celestial beings are ungodly, they are sinful because it talks about how the holy angels are bringing judgment upon them. In Jude, we see that it is Michael, Michael the archangel, the good angel who is disputing with the devil, the devil who is evil. So we do understand that these celestial beings that are being abused are evil beings. They are rebelling against God. These are not good celestial beings. They are evil celestial beings, but the people are being told to be careful in how they interact with them. And so, one assumption is that maybe these people who were, these are basically a part of the church, right? Ungodly people in the church who are using, who are mixing up godly scriptural truths with other wrong teachings. So it looks like these people are trying to use their spiritual authority in all the wrong ways. So rather than being careful, they were being bold and arrogant and misusing the godly authority given to them. Because it says here they were despising authority. Jude says they were rejecting authority. God has created all of creation in a particular way with a certain order and we are supposed to respect that order. We can't go addressing whatever creature we want to in whatever way, no. There is a way in which God has established things and we are meant to respect that. So speaking in that context, maybe these people were misusing the spiritual authority that is granted to the true believers. True believers can take a stand against an evil being in the name of Jesus if that evil being is doing something that goes against the plans and purposes of God. So we do not randomly go about abusing the demons and having conversations with them and saying whatever comes into our head against them. No, we do whatever we do, we do it only in the name of Jesus with his authority and only with regard to the things which he has given us authority for. So we have to be very careful in the way we are using our spiritual authority. We cannot just simply randomly go interacting with these demonic beings however we wish because it says even Archangel Michael when he had to dispute with the devil, it says, did not himself dare to condemn him for slander but said the Lord rebuke you, okay? So we do not know the full details of what exactly those people were doing, what it is that Peter was addressing and what it is that Jude was addressing, we do not have the details but at least we get this much warning that whatever we are doing must be done keeping in mind the authority that has been established by God. So if God has given believers certain authority to be used in a particular way, we only use it in the way that he has permitted and we do it in a way that honors him and his plans for his people and for the kingdom. We don't go fighting demons in our own strength using whatever method comes into our own heads. No, that would be dangerous. We may not be abusing the celestial beings in the way these people did because we're not very sure what exactly that was but we would be putting ourselves at risk, okay? So worship of angels, most clearly forbidden, unauthorized interaction with angels where you are doing trying to declare your authority over them in the wrong manner that also is strictly forbidden and not to be indulged in. So we have to be careful about these things and of course any wrong doctrines that these angels are trying to give us that also is of course very much forbidden. Maybe we can look at a couple of scriptures regarding the false doctrines which angels bring. If someone could read out 2 Corinthians 11, 13 and 14 please. 2 Corinthians 11, 13 and 14. But men are false apostles, deceitful workmen, masquerading as apostles of Christ and no wonder for Satan himself masquerades as an angel of light, it is not surprising. Yeah, so it's here, it's talking basically about the false teachers and it talks about how they are pretending to be messengers of light, teachers of light. And so here Paul is telling them when Satan himself sometimes comes to people as an angel of light, pretending to be bringing the truth, you need to be on the watch out for people who will also do the same thing. And so there are those who pretend masquerade is more like a drama term where you put on a mask, you put on a costume and you pretend to be somebody else. So you have Satan doing that who sometimes pretends to be an angel of light. And so that is why it says in Galatians 1-8 it says, even if we or an angel from heaven should preach a gospel other than the one we preach to you let them be under God's curse. So when we receive revelations about scripture in visions and dreams, we need to be very careful. Is that vision or is that message which has been conveyed in line with scripture or not? If it is something that is clashing with other aspects of scripture, then we have to accept that maybe this is actually a demonic being that came to us masquerading as an angel of light but it has actually brought something to us which is contradicting scripture. So it's good of course to be careful in all of these things. And then just moving on to the hierarchical structure that we see, the same way here on earth we have hierarchical structures which help us to do our administration better in the same way even in the spiritual realm also there seem to be different hierarchical structures and orders. So if we were to look at 1st Peter 3, maybe, yeah okay 1st Peter 3, 21 and 22. If someone could read out 1st Peter 3, 21 and 22 please. On this water symbolizes baptism that now saves you also, not the removal of dirt from the body but the pledge of the clear conscience toward God. It saves you by the resurrection of Jesus Christ who has gone into heaven and is at God's right hand with angels, authorities and powers in submission to him. It seems to refer to three categories of these spiritual beings. It talks about angels, it talks about authorities and then it talks about powers and all these three categories of beings are now in direct submission to the Lord Jesus. You know even as he's sitting there at the right hand of God, these different creatures are in submission to him. They take orders from him, they go and fulfill whatever plans he has sent them on. So they do those things. So it seems to be some kind of a hierarchical system where you probably have the angelic beings like the archangels probably coming in on the top and then under them you would have other authorities which are functioning and below them you would have the powers which basically take care of the day to day running of things that need to be done here on the earth. So in the same way in Satan's kingdom you have a hierarchical structure. Even here in heaven also there seems to be a kind of hierarchical structure where you would obviously have the arch angels right at the top and then below that you would have different levels of authority. So also apart from these angels among the good creations that chose to hold on to the Lord we have these other beings. They are not angels because that's not the word used for them. You have different words used for them and so you basically have something called cherubim. And the cherubim seem to be performing one particular kind of function. So maybe we could just look at one scripture, Genesis 3, 24 where you actually have a cherubim mentioned. Genesis 3, 24 please. So he drove out the man and he placed cherubim at the east of the Garden of Eden and a flaming sword which turned every way to guard the way to the tree of life. And so they say that maybe the cherubim are some kind of guards. They are these kind of warrior beings that will protect and defend and keep and look after because if you notice even earlier, I mean when we were talking about Satan he too was created and ordained to be a guardian cherub. Which was the worst seem to have lost it. Yeah, where was that Ezekiel 28 verse 14. So he too was actually created to be a guardian cherub. So the impression that we get is that these cherubim were specifically created to serve as guards, guardians. And so they would probably be extra powerful because they know the purposes of God. So they are not angels. Angels are a separate kind of creation. Humans are a separate kind of creation. Humans of course are extra special because they are created in God's image. Then of course you have even the cherubim who have been created to maybe guard different things. And then we have the other term that we are familiar with, the seraphim and maybe one example could be Isaiah 6-2. If someone could read out, Isaiah 6-2. Above it stood seraphim. Each one had six wings with two he covered his face, with two he covered his feet and with two he flew. So these are beings that are literally there near the throne of God. So are they meant to be worshipers? Is that their special purpose? I mean, we do not know because we don't have any details mentioned about them anywhere else, but it looks like these are probably creatures that were created specifically to be in God's immediate presence. Maybe that is their role and purpose. And then in Ezekiel, we have these popular creatures that are talked about. We also have them mentioned in Revelation as well. So in Ezekiel, we have a more detailed description about them. Maybe we can just look at verses Ezekiel chapter one. If we could just look at verse five and six that should do, I suppose. Yeah, Ezekiel one, five and six. And then the fire was what looked like four living creatures. In appearance, their form was that of a man, but each of them had four faces and four wings. Their legs. So yeah, yeah, it goes on to give very detailed descriptions about what their legs looked like and what their, you know, how many eyes they had and all of that. So I mean, if they seem to be having a human form, because that's what it says, in appearance, their form was human. But then it talks about them having four faces. But then in Revelation chapter four, verses six to eight, when they are described over there, again, the same term living creatures is used over there. Over there, they seem to have only one face each. So I'm not exactly sure how it works, but anyway, so this is another category of creations. So even though we're talking about angels specifically, it is good to know that angels are not the only kind of creation that we see in the supernatural realm. We also see these other types of creations that God has made and each will be having its own function and purpose. Okay, so this is regarding some of the things that we see regarding the good beings. And then of course, there are the fallen ones. So when we come to the kingdom of darkness, which Satan established, I know after he cost some of the other angels to rebel along with him. So in his kingdom of darkness, also we seem to see a hierarchical system. And that is actually described to us in Ephesians 612. So yeah, if we can just have someone read out, Ephesians 612 and look at the different levels of authority that are described over there. Ephesians 612. For we do not wrestle against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this age, against spiritual host of wickedness in the heavenly places. So the first one, I mean, different versions are English Bibles, different versions have got different terms, but in the original, in the Greek, the word that is used for the first one, whether it's called principalities or in NIV, it says rulers, whatever the term may be in English, the original term that is used over there is arkas. You know, that's basically an arkas, like in archives, something old, something ancient, archaic, archaic is again something, the word is used for something that's very ancient. So the word that is used for these beings is the term arkas, which literally means ancient ones. So probably it's referring to the highest level of demonic powers. You know, the ones which originally, when God created them, they are the ones which held the highest level of power, probably. Maybe that's the reason why the Greek word that is used to describe them is the word arkas, which literally means ancient ones. So they are probably at the highest level and then come the next one. Again, different translations will use different words. NIV uses the word authorities to describe the second level and the Greek word is basically exusia, which basically means, you know, they have authority and it looks like this is delegated authority which has been given to them by those, by the ancient ones, the ancient ones which are right at the top, they delegate some of their authority to the next level of beings and this next level of beings have to follow their orders and do whatever they are asking them to do. At the third level is basically what you have, the powers of this dark world. So that would be kosmo kratos. So that word kosmo kratos literally means kosmo is world, kratos is rulers. So world rulers. So this may be the third level where, you know, you have the different sections of the earth being given to different powers and they have authority over that particular territory. So which is why people talk about territorial spirits and all of that. All that is just based upon this one single word but the term that is used over there kosmo kratos. So this seems to be the third level of power and then of course below that you have the spiritual forces of evil which are basically your average evil spirits which go about doing the bidding of the higher powers. Now when you come to Colossians 116, you again have something similar mentioned. Paul doesn't use the very same terms. He uses certainly some different words but again he talks about four categories. Of invisible powers where he talks about thrones, powers, rulers and authorities. So maybe in the kingdom of darkness there are these four hierarchical levels operating. So that's just that little bit of information that we can extract from these verses. Now coming to the fall of the angels that chose to rebel. We have some scriptures which talk about that. So why did some of the angels fall? Why did they rebel? What was the cause? We see that nicely described actually in Jude 1.6. If someone could read out Jude verse six. And the angels who did not keep their positions of authority but abandoned their own home. See he has kept in darkness bound with everlasting change for judgment on the great day. Yeah, it talks about how there are some angels who did not keep their positions of authority. They abandoned their proper dwelling. They were meant to hold a certain position. They were meant to serve God in a particular way but they did not want to keep their position of authority. They tried to abuse the power given to them and it is these angels upon which judgment has come. It talks about these angels being tied up somewhere in a dark place and being held in bondage over there. So obviously these particular angels are not freely moving around on the earth doing whatever they wish. So it looks like as if some angels have been left for a while to operate as they wish but while others have already been kept in bondage and they are not wandering around the earth as they wish according to their free will. So we probably would need to look more into detail regarding these things after the break. So right now we will go for a break and then if we could all log back in. All right, yeah, thank you so much.