 Gwelch i gweithio. Fawr ydych chi'n gweithio ar y gael y gwirioneddau ar y gael, o'r cymhwylliant, oherwydd, mae'n gweithio'r gael cymhwylliant ar y Gweithio Ieach. Mae'n gweld i'r moment yma, oedd yma'r gweithio'r cymhwylliant yn gwybod cymryd. Mae'r gweld i'r Gweithio'r cymryd ar y Gweithio Economech. Mae'r gweithio yma'r gweithio'r gweithio, You'll know that there's a particular man of the moment in this country who is taking the reigns of the horse and driving the agenda forward in terms of action on climate change. And that is Governor Jerry Brown of the State of California. Mr Brown is a 39th governor of California and the longest serving governor in California history. Yn ein anodd yn cymdeithasum, roeddent yn Gweinidwar sydd yn Nosiau'r tydd Gwt Iran, na ymwneud yn gyfan cyd-grôl Gwyrdddiad Arfermwy, yn ymlaen i'r Gwyrddiaeth, yn 2030, yn gych chi'n gweiniddiad eich ardal yn 2020. Yn i'r progelf, mae'r gwybodaeth yn gweinodd sydd yn cwil, mae'r gwaith efallai, mae'n gofyn o gyfaint â ddod ar gyfer gweinidwar, a'n gweinidwar yw'r rhagorol beth hefyd fel yn cael ei cyfaint adroddiadau, the and, is why he has garnered such support behind him for the momentum that he's creating. After Governor Brown has spoken, we will be receiving Minister Oolo, who is the ecology minister of France, and for many of those of you who also follow the agenda, you'll note that France is getting quite active in this space too. But let's start with you sir, Governor Brown. mor hyn yn fyddi'n gwahoddiadau i ddiddurio'n agendidol a gweithio â bod efallai, neu ond rydw i'n credu i'n ddiddordeb ar hyn. Felly dwi'n porno'r gyflaid, byddwn yn unrhyw pwysig yma, ond yn San Francisco yn ffawr 2018, yma hwnnw'n gweithio'n gweithio'r ddiddur i altru sicrhau o atho meddwl 180 groffnau i이면au o'r regio a llyfr ychydigion, such as Quebec, Ontario, Washington State, California, New York, many, many others, Bodden-Watenberg, all these sub-national jurisdictions have committed, signed on to the under two MOU to make their commitment to achieve the goal of the Paris Agreement to keep the temperature under two degrees or, in the alternative, reduce their generation of greenhouse gases to two tons per person. That's the goal and we're going to check in next fall to see how we're doing in the meantime encourage people to do as much as possible to accelerate. So the point is another is to have a measuring time, a time to say where are we and in the face of Mr Trump's withdrawing his efforts, if not the country, from doing anything, the sub-national group's states will do things. And I think even though there is a big problem when the President of the United States decides to, well, there's nothing to do because it's all hoax, that statement itself is such an incredible assertion of nonsense that it gives people pause, but only pause intellectually, but in practice we're taking renewed action. And we realize that if each person here who has some role to play and each state and region who can do something has to step up and they are stepping up and many provinces in China are stepping up along with the national government. So with the march of the political sector at the sub-national level, with the powerful assist of business and other non-profit groups, we can get a lot done. We're not going to get everything done, but we can really move the ball forward in a very important way and that gathering will help each of these states and provinces to focus, see how they're doing. And the most important thing that we have to do in terms of measurement is know where is the state? What is the greenhouse gas annual emission? What is it? And then where do they want to go? In California we're about 440, or even that I'm not satisfied that we're precise enough, but we have a goal by 2030 to get to 260 million tonnes per year. That's still a lot. We've got to get to zero by 2050, but at least if you have a number, you know where you are in terms of the tons of emissions of heat-trapping gases. Then you can have a plan and measure it to go to another spot of lower carbon intensity. That's our goal and I do think when we say accelerate, that conference will accelerate, but what we need in America, I can't speak for other countries, is a greater presence in participation by business. We have a lot of people from business, but I am not a client scientist, but I am a political scientist and I've studied American politics as long as anybody in the country. The role of business, of corporations, trade associations, money, interacting with government is very, very powerful. So what we have to do is up the presence of the corporate sector in a very serious way and that will bend the political arc in the direction of decarbonising. And then the states will step forward in California for the first time we had a significant Republican participation. In fact, to get our cap and trade bill, which is significant in a number of respects, but to get that bill we needed two thirds vote because it's considered under our constitution as a tax. We didn't have all the Democrats because in the way this party works, some are over on the left. As in Republicans being over on the right, but we were able to get most of the Democrats and we got a number of key Republican legislators that put us over the top. And as far as I know, in recent years, this is the first time in a major jurisdiction that Republicans identified as Republicans said they were voting to reduce greenhouse gases because of the danger of climate change. And they did that because their own political consultants and surveys said the party has been sinking and they need in public support, they need to do something to get more on the side of the environment and climate change. So that is a breakthrough. Now, California is not, you know, Texas or West Virginia, but they were Republicans and they represent some very conservative states, conservative counties, parts of California, highly conservative Republicans joined in this effort as did the Farm Bureau, as did the Roundtable, as did the Chamber of Commerce, as did most of industry. So industry moves the ball together with whatever the ordinary supporters of climate change might be. So we got the fall conference in 2018 and we can accelerate things with the participation of the business sector. And then I think the others will come along and we'll get it done. And before long, we'll have, you know, Washington will be on board too. I'm very clear about that, so anything else I can tell you, that's pretty much in a nutshell, there it is. Governor, that's fantastic. You said so many interesting things in there, but the idea of it being the political scientist, not the climate scientist, wearing your political scientific expert hat. If you could somehow bring together those businesses and the money and some of the politics, as you've described, into a kind of a collaboration or a partnership, something that we don't have yet, what do you think is the missing piece? A key business executive is joining in. We have some, not enough. And we had a political, we had a very important politician who was the leader of the California legislature. And he said, money is the mother's milk of politics. So we need the money, which is in the hands of business, corporations, CEOs. They're playing with the money. We just deal with the lowly taxes. So we want some of the profit and loss kind of people to join in. And you have a lot of them here, but we don't have enough. We haven't hit the critical variable, the critical mass to get the job done. So if we get business, we'll get the politicians. That's the way I don't want to overstate the abject dependency of politicians on money. I'm not going to overstate it, but I don't want to understate it either. And I know where of I speak. That's all. And Governor, you have so many kind of business representatives here and those who will be watching this streamed. What would your message be to those who say, yeah, but I'm not sure, you know, I've got to go which way the wind blows or the boss does. I've got to convince them it's not compelling. Well, what is compelling is the science and the science is getting better. And there is a non-trivial possibility of an eight foot sea level rise. That may be five, 10 percent chance and we don't know. And every couple of years, the predicted sea level rise is getting higher. So the news is not coming in better as science gathers more research, rather it comes in worse. So any fair-minded examination of the science of climate change would tell us the risk of catastrophic disruption is not acceptable. Therefore, we have to take action. And the action, by the way, is not trivial. We have to take, we have to get to zero carbon emissions in the world. So let's not sugarcoat this, got to get to zero. And after you get to zero, we got to extract and sequester another 20 or 30 million tons out of the environment is going to take trillions of dollars of research and investment in technology breakthroughs. This is a big deal. Now, I also want to say, since I said I wasn't a climate scientist, I was a political scientist. I'm also kind of a half-baked classicist because I studied Latin and Greek. I've studied the ancient Greek history and Roman history. Both were fabulous civilisations and they both collapsed. So be warned and don't rest on your profitability. You have to invest a small part of that profitability in dealing with climate change, and if you do that, you'll find the political leadership will follow. And we can build a consensus, which we do not have at this point, but we're not that far off. If I look back five years, we've come a long way. We've come a long, long way and you get up, you get downs. But I think the trajectory is positive, but the slope is not steep enough. That's kind of scientific, isn't it? Wonderful. So for those of you who are in the room, if I hear you correctly, Governor Brown, of those of you who'll be watching this on live stream, there is an invitation for those business executives, for the CEOs to come to the meeting in September 2018 for action on climate change. Yeah. And, you know, the make one more concrete point about climate change. The heat trapping gases that raise the global mean global temperature also have direct pollution effects. The Chinese are responding because the toxic air pollution in Shanghai and Beijing and other places in China. That's the power. If you can link the poison of the air pollution with climate change, you get real action. And we have a good historical example of that, California. Why is California so aggressive in reducing greenhouse gases? Because we have an air resources board and a set of institutions and policies that were built built up out of the terrible air pollution called smog in Southern California. And that smog was sufficiently unpleasant that politicians of all parties joined in the consensus to do something. Starting with Governor Ronald Reagan when he was there and going right through to another Republican Arnold Schwarzenegger who signed our first greenhouse gas reduction laws. So the key, as my wife tells me, is not to talk about these abstraction of climate change, but talk about real pollution, real asthma that kids are getting, real bronchitis of the elderly. And then you can get to the forest fires. The forest fire season in California is months longer, it's almost year wide now. So there are a lot of feedback effects from the change in the climate that are very concrete. And if we take that understanding and that perception and we can link it with hard boiled business leaders and they're joining in with the willing political forces, we will spread and we can get it going. But we have to accelerate. The rate of change has to be not only positive, it has to be a positive rate of change. So we've got to get better, faster continuously. Fabulous. I can't think of a better way of setting out acceleration for public, private partnership on climate action than you've just done. Governor Brown, thank you so much. And if we can, if we can now welcome Nicola Ulot, he's a Minister of Ecology and Solidarity transition. Minister Ulot has responsibility for climate, air pollution, energy and transport in France. Welcome, Minister. Thank you. And on the 6th of July of this year, many of you might have noticed, but some of you might not have done, but Minister Ulot announced the French government's five year plan to outlaw all petrol and diesel vehicles by 2040, which is part of the attempt to make France carbon neutral, I believe, by 2050. So there's some serious work going on with our colleagues from France. We're delighted to welcome you, sir. And as you know, this discussion is very much about the cooperation between business, governments, cities and states, as Governor Brown was saying. And we've just been hearing about this event in 2018 and to accelerate action on climate change that is being hosted by Governor Brown in California. Now, in France, it'll be two years since the Paris Agreement in December of this year. And I understand that there's some plans within the French administration to also bring together actors to accelerate action on climate change. Maybe you can tell us about them. First, thank you and sorry for my delay. But we were with the French president and Mr Trump. So take more time because we have a lot of things to understand. And I'm sorry if you don't understand all what I will say, but my English is poor, but I would like to use very simple words. First, the best solution is to believe to the transition. Because ambition works. If you scale up your ambition, all the door will open. But the best thing is to be, I don't know if the name, the word is the same in English, coherent, la coherence. What I want to mean, what I mean. What does Shantist told us if we want to succeed in the climate fight? To live underground, 80% of the fossil energy resource. So how can you understand if you put a target as we have done in 2050 to be neutral in carbon? And live to allow a new exploration of gas, haul, hydrocarbure is not current. So the first thing we are going to do, it will be my first law because I just arrived in this government five months ago. I crossed my finger because I must show this law at the parliament. It's to ban definitively at the time this law will be promote good to stop all new pyramid for exploration and to don't reconducting exploitation after 2040. It mean what? It mean it give to the economic actor a target they will know at this time that will be irreversible, no more gas, no more haul. And in the same time, no more car will use thermic engine. And you know better than me than what economic actor what financial people want. They want to see far and then the rule don't change every year. And in the same idea of coherence, the price of the carbon will grow up. We're already at four forty eight Euro the ton and we want to grow up until 100 Euro the ton. What we will do with this tax not to put only in the box of our budget, but we use this tax to help people by instance to change their car, by instance to protect by the thermic of the house of their flat. So that's what we call the currents. And of course to help during the time of the transition, the new energy to give some subside, of course, to renewable energy, not for a long time, just the time to change of scale. Because maybe that's the same here. You we always are. It will not be possible. It's not possible to response to the what we need like energy with renewable energy. See what happened and you know in California what is the price of the renewable energy and specifically with the wind turbine to grow down and then so does the same. The same people who told us few years ago electric car is not possible. Same people who say organic food is not possible. If you don't believe to the thing, the thing will never happen. What see what happened in California and what happened in China? Do you think China lose time now they will go very fast and all the targets they had they go faster than this target. So I think there is three world war important. Previsibility, irreversibility and progressivity. Excellent. That's a pretty comprehensive route map to 2040 that you've just set out. And we understand that this meeting in December that you'll be conducting, I guess, will bring together as Governor Brown was saying, the private sector, the business governments to discuss these these activities. I have a question. Great. Was the 2040 date for banning combustion cars? I take it it will not allow any combustion cars after that date. How did you arrive at 2040? Why not 2037 or 2043? Was there was there a careful number or did you just kind of throw it up in the air and say 2040? You know, it could be 41, 39. But as our target is neutral carbon 2050, I think it leaves some time maybe if they have not finished to just finish. But now it's a good a good scale. But before we have also other target by instance in 2030, we have an obligation to have 36 renewable energy. In the same time, we have to reduce by to our consumption of energy. So if we succeed to all this target, we will succeed. But we will have to reduce our consumption. We have to develop massively our renewable energy, of course. And in the same time, we must find solutions to use less and less gas. But to do that, you have to introduce positive advantage to the low carbon economy and what you can use also. Use the public market. I don't know if the name is good in English, but if all the city, the state, the region, their public market by low carbon economy, you can, of course, dub the transition. Fantastic. These two are going to be having a conversation, as you can tell after this public discussion, probably swapping some dates and times and trajectories from the sound of it. A little snapshot there of the acceleration on climate change action that is happening both in California under Governor Brown's leadership and in France under the new government of Enmarch and with Minister Oolo here. Both of you, we could talk for another hour, I'm sure, on this. Can I say something for 12 December? So much more to get on. Last word, 20 seconds, sir. No, very fast, because it's the same mind at what you are going to do in California, and we will be very happy to be there. President Macron wants to have an event at a high level to speak about financing because we need to be very creative to accelerate the transition and also to don't forget the adaptation because we are speaking and now what happened in Caraibb and everywhere in the world, they need a concrete answer. So that's the idea of the meeting in Paris. Is that December the 12th? 12 December of this year. So a high level meeting on finance, including for adaptation, in Paris December the 12th. I'm sure if people are interested to find out more and bring their expertise across the public and private, they can get in touch with you and your colleagues. Ladies and gentlemen, if you just give me a chance to thank these two gentlemen for their leadership on accelerating climate action.