 Rheumatoid arthritis, i, is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting multiple organs and systems. It is characterized by persistent synovitis, joint destruction, and functional impairment. Recent advances have provided insight into the underlying causes of i, with particular focus on the role of immunologic and genetic factors. Research has identified several key signaling pathways involved in the development and progression of i, as well as potential drug targets. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding these pathways and their potential use in the development of novel treatments. This article was authored by Chen Ding, Wei Hu, Ran Wang, and others.