 Nano-fibrillated cellulose, NFC, is a bio-based nanomaterial with unique properties that make it ideal for use in various applications. Surface modification of NFC is essential to improve compatibility with matrices and to add new functionalities. The most common methods include physical adsorption, molecular grafting, and polymer grafting. These techniques are discussed in detail in this review. This article was authored by Julian Braz, Mohamed Nasser Belgesam and Karim Massoum.