 at Amazon chapter, SDSN, Amazonia. This event is accelerating ESG and SDG practices in mining companies and territories. And we're so thrilled that all of you were able to join us today. We have some interesting presentations and some exciting speakers. My name is Lauren Brado. I am Chief of Staff at the SDSN and I'm gonna be your first speaker. After me, we'll go to Renato Seminelli. He's Chairman of the Geopart Quadrilateral and he's also a member of the SDSN, Amazonia. After he speaks, we'll hear from Doris Hayam Galvez, Senior Advisor at Hatch and Priscilla Nelson, who's a professor and ENO Director at the Colorado School of Mines. So I'm gonna start by giving a very brief overview of the SDSN, who we are and what we do and share with you a publication that we released in 2016, specifically on mining and the SDGs. So the SDSN has been operating under the auspices of the UN Secretary General since 2012. Our president is Professor Jeffrey Sacks. He's an economist based at Columbia University. And our mission is to mobilize scientific and technical expertise from all sectors, but particularly from academia in support of solutions for attaining the SDGs. And those are the 17 sustainable development goals that the United Nations Member States adopted in 2015. Our work can be broken down into three pillars, policy analysis, the SDG Academy and our global network. So we number 1,700 plus members that are organized into 45 chapters, some of them at the regional level like SDSN, Amazonia and some of them at the national level. So the United States, Brazil, South Africa, China, we have networks around the world and I'll put up a map in one more minute. This is just a brief review of some of our global policy analysis work. One of the examples is we published the annual SDG index as part of the sustainable development report. This document ranks countries on their performance on the SDGs looking at all 17 goals and a number of indicators under each goal. This document is also available at the regional level. You can see Africa, Arab, the European Union, for example and we also publish a number of sub-national indices, cities in Spain, cities in the United States, provinces and states in the United States, et cetera. We also published the World Happiness Report that was just released earlier in March about a month ago and a number of global policy documents. Like I said, in one more minute I'll go over the specific report that we did on mining. The SDG Academy is an online curriculum of massive open online courses. To date we have about 45 of them and all of them are targeted at preparing current and future generations to help support SDG achievement. We're also proud to offer a fully online master's program with degrees granted by Sunway University in Malaysia and the University College Dublin in Ireland. This is a selection of a number of the courses that they offer and I just wanted to highlight a few that I think might be relevant to this group and our participants, how to achieve the SDGs. This is a practical deep dive on successful policies and programs to support SDG achievement. Natural resources for sustainable development has a lot of content specifically on mining, oil and gas, mineral extraction, other industries that are very important for jobs and economic growth. And at the same time potentially very damaging and with a lot of good case studies and best practices on how to amplify the positive aspects while mitigating any negative impacts. And you also might be interested in one of our newer courses, industrial policy in the 21st century. Finally, just a brief note on this third pillar, the SDSN networks. I would encourage all of you to reach out and get involved. As you can see, we have regional chapters, for example, the Andean Corridor, the Amazon Basin, the Francophone Sahel, South Asia, national networks in Brazil, the United States, South Africa, China, and a lot of places there's overlap between the two or you have the Mediterranean Basin, for example, with national chapters for Spain, France, Italy, and also a regional group looking at the basin as a whole. Turning to the topic of the day, specifically mining and the SDGs and the ways that mining and the SDGs are linked in the ways that mining companies can support SDG achievement. As I said, we've released this report a few years ago. It's intended to be an introduction to the many linkages between mining and the SDGs. And it is available in multiple languages, including Spanish, French, and Portuguese. It has a lot of content. It's a pretty deep and technical report. It briefly explains what the SDGs are and includes key targets that have been defined by the United Nations. It looks at opportunities of how companies can support the SDGs in their core business as well as how they can support them through collaboration with other partners and the leveraging of resources. It has a diagram, which I will not talk about right now because I'm gonna put it up in one more second. It has some case studies and I'll share an example of those. And then for each of the SDGs, it also has a list of additional resources where you can learn more and see more case studies and explore more methodologies about what your role could play, whether you're a company or a civil society organization or an academic. So this is the diagram. I will apologize. I know the text is very small. I'm not gonna go through the whole thing. I just wanted to give you an overview of the many ways that the mining sector does touch on all 17 SDGs. And I'll go through six or seven of the key ones in one more minute. But I also wanna flag, for example, if you look at sort of roughly one PM on the clock, SDG one, it's looking at the positives that the mining sector is already providing and can be amplified. Things like job creation and economic expansion, while also looking at some of the downsides like displacement and exploring, again, best practices of how to reduce some of these unforeseen consequences or prepare for them or mitigate what might be foreseen negative impacts to communities and territories. So getting into a little bit deeper, these are some graphics from the executive summary looking at here, for example, SDG one and two and digging a little bit deeper into some of the items that you saw on the previous diagram. Things like the way that mining companies can pay taxes and royalties and what that can do to support local development and local governments and help them with poverty eradication programs. Under agriculture, things like keeping farmland pollution free, keeping water pollution free and making sure that you're being transparent about the management of water resources for agriculture, all of these different things. And then for each of these SDGs, there is a much, as I said, longer chapter. Looking at a couple more examples, ones that I think are highly relevant for mining, not that all 17 of them aren't, but maybe some of the more commonly thought of are traditional ones, SDG six on clean water and sanitation, things like monitoring water quality, managing water holistically. And this one has one of my favorite case studies which comes to us from Vale. They have a plant in Para where they're actually recycling almost 100% of the water from the tailing ponds. They're treating it and they're using it in their processes and basically just sort of running all the same water constantly throughout the system, which is great because they're not drawing water from the river. They're not putting more contaminated water into ever growing and increasing tailing ponds. And it's just a really great case study of some of the really promising and great things that can happen. SDG seven as well, things like improving energy efficiency in your operations and incorporating renewable energy to power local energy needs and different ways that you could maybe use some of the infrastructure that companies are building to support local communities. And some of the ways too that investments in increasing access to energy can support those communities even after mine closures, things like expanding the grid or installing renewable energy generation capacity that can supply not only the mine but also surrounding communities and populations. A couple more that are highly important SDGA on decent work and economic growth. This one talks a lot about local procurement and some of the ways that you can expand not just sort of the job creation of the mine but different ways that some of the near mine activities can help grow local economies and raise people out of poverty and provide decent jobs. SDG nine is all about industry innovation and infrastructure. Here again, there's a lot more on local procurement and a lot around sharing infrastructure which I won't go into in too much detail because I briefly talked about that in terms of some of the energy infrastructure that could be explained, could be shared and explored. But this one talks a lot more about other infrastructure as well including rail, water, ICT, different things like that. Finally, wrapping up with a couple other SDGs sort of the G of our ESG pillar around governance. There's a lot on peace justice and strong institutions. There's a lot in this part of the report around respecting indigenous rights and some great case studies of how to effectively do free prior informed consent and consultations and different ways that you can try to locate and cite things in ways that are respectful of indigenous and local communities as well as some tips and tricks on preventing conflict. Again, supported by some really excellent case studies with some people who are doing some very innovative things in this space. And then mining and partnerships for the goals. SDG 17, things about how to mobilize financial resources and technology. And there's a lot of innovative stuff in here too around sharing geological data, georeference data, different things around data sharing and support to achieving the SDGs and the ways that companies can support that. So I'm gonna stop there. I know I went through all of that very quick. I will put the link to the report in the chat and I hope many of you will consider downloading it. And I'm happy to take any questions you might have in the discussion or if anybody wants to learn more about this work, we can touch base offline. As I said, I will stop there. And our next presenter is Renato Siminelli, the chairman of Geopark, Claude of the Lateral. So I am going to stop my screen share and turn it over to him. Renato, please. Just a minute. Hello. Take your time. Okay. Yes, please go ahead, sorry. That's okay. Well, good morning. Welcome to all the webinar participants. The massive registration to the webinar consolidates the creation of the platform for SDGs in mining territories. It started in 2021. We invite all globally to participate and collaborate effectively in favor of the mining communities, stakeholders, companies and sustainability of the territory. We also expect the proposal and organization of new webinars led by members of the platform visions to SDG mining territories. D.L. Warren-Bahid, thanks for your leading position in the organization of the platform and associated webinars. And for the opening, an introduction section that invites and engaged the mining community to STSN, the Sustainable Developed Solution Network on the United States, United Nations and to our new platform, Vision to SDGs in Mining Territories. We will certainly add transformation tools, skills and subsidies to local strategies and practice with these initiatives. Welcome also to the challenge in aligning ESG and SDGs and to the lead of the collaborative agenda, Joe Suri for Prosperity. My greetings to all my colleagues at the SDSN, particularly those at the SDSN, platform visions to SDG in mining territories and to my dear Brazilians present in the audience. It is great to come after Lauren-Bahid to that as SDSN head of partnerships is facilitating the access of the mining community to numerous initiatives of SDSN in the last years. I acknowledge and register here my gratitude to the support received from the New York team in the SDSN, Amazonian office that hosted formerly the platform and the webinar. Special thanks to the speakers, Professor Priscilla Nelson and Dr. Dorian Galvez for the immediate positive response to make part of this first event, bring very innovative and rich experience applied to our case. Our platform is celebrating one year of creation with the establishment of the first inaugural objectives. I am particularly happy with the organization of the first webinar and the future ones of the series that will attract more members and make the platform more dynamic and collaborative. The present webinar was conceived to force alignment and cross-linking of ESG and SDG practice standards and fundamentals. This first webinar will launch globally to a larger audience, our new SDSN platform vision to SDGs in mining territories, fostering international interactions, building and consolidating a global collaborative network of specialists to explore concepts and best practice. Also disseminating principles and guidelines, facilitating synergism cross-linking of mining companies and mineral territory practice, assets and expectations. The SDG practice and standards will merge in the mining sector as a key drive for SDGs in combined efforts. The objective of the platform highlighting this webinar is to identify and explore possible collaboration points and potential products or initiatives that could be pursued to accelerate the uptake of the SDGs as they relate to mining. Efforts should not be duplicative, but rather shoot through gaps, amplify existing work, solve common problems, or foster better coordination between fragmented works. The 17 SDGs can be grouped in four main dimensions, social, environmental, economic and institutional, what will unite them most is that they were conceived to be implemented integration and connection against governance, culture, practice and orientation, adversely favorable silos, isolation or preference. It is natural and almost impossible, however, to avoid that some SDGs and associated goals receive more attention from specific private segments, territories and communities. The solution is that in parallel, within the definition and rules of concept of the SDGs, they all be implemented integrated, interconnected and in capillarity. Accelerating in the title and in the scope of the webinar, raise the question that either the mining territories or the mining companies pursue more speed in the implementation of the SDGs and ESG respectively through the synergies, align and cross-linking of the two as a competitiveness factor for both companies and territory. Also accelerating behavior expects from both parts, sense of urgency to avoid silos, favor of some covenants, leaderships and groups against a more systemic and integrated implementation, connection and capillarity of all the SDGs. In the second case, some of the SDGs relate to education, energy, water, climate change, no poverty, zero hunger, good health and well-being or no discrimination against women and girls, as examples may be prioritized, but if they are in capillarity within all the 70s, they will be received well as they empower all the others or the key factor effect implementation time also. Although apparently obvious, our proposal of alignment and cross-link of ESG and SDGs requires a positive behavior, mainly from the mining companies. The responsible mining report 2022 anticipates both difficulties and favorable conditions for the synergies. Like focus or informalities, few benchmarking companies in case, the isolated preference and dominance of silence in the selection of an implementation of SDGs, but at the same time, the collective wish to make a right among many other assessments. The middle-term network deliverers of the vision to SDG mining territory will be a more in-depth understanding from all the parties of ESG and SDGs as frameworks that we understand are key factors in the implementation. Among the utility or adventure of the SDG framework we can select. SDGs are democratic and not in conflict with norms and values. SDGs are an opportunity for cooperation between mining companies and local populations. SDGs support effective practice of ESG in mining companies. SDGs should be more than a communication objective, but part of the internal strategy of mining companies. SDG initiatives could attract fundraising. And finally, the SDGs can help leaders and stakeholders explore and promote changing culture to support a better future. A remark about ESG is that many investors are increasingly complaining that the ESG data universe is getting too complex and confusing. It's our proposal here that the development of function or equation that describe the relation between ESG and SDG parameters and variables is a pursue innovative achievement and two. The adoption of ESG and SDGs as a joint procedure consolidates a more normalized, integrated and instead connection, relation, function or equation. Accelerating ESG and SDG practicing mining companies and territories means that company, territory and government representatives align their frameworks to go beyond isolated targets but rather combine and synergy once. ESG and SDG are frameworks to be optimized. All the alternative frameworks can be added to ESG and SDGs as hegemonic and non-hegemonic movements. The SDG 17 refers to the interconnection of frameworks, partnerships and experience of implementation that empower the integration and implementation of the SDGs and their alignment and cross-linking with ESG practices and standards. A final closing remark is that definitely an integrated platform, ESG, SDGs is pursued. Thank you very much. Laurie, you can go on. Yes, thank you so much for a wonderful presentation, Renato. I'm going to turn the floor now to Doris Hyam-Gallez from Hatch to deliver her presentation, please. Thank you, Laurie. Good morning. I will try to get the presentation up. Take your time. Yeah, can you see my screen? We can, but unfortunately the display is the opposite again. I will fix that again. While you're taking one second to do that, I will just remind people on the line to please go ahead and use the chat to introduce yourself, say hi, say where you're calling from, but there's a different option at the bottom of the Zoom window for Q&A. It would be helpful for us if you're asking questions to the panelists or if you're submitting questions for the discussion to use that part of Zoom. And then feel free to submit them as they come up. We'll hold them all to the end, but if you have a question for a particular presenter or something you want clarified, go ahead in and send it to us as soon as you think of it. Doris, your slides look great. Please go ahead. Okay, thank you. Good morning, you guys. So just wanted to share this subject that's really dear to my heart. And it's a reason why it's called Designing Sustainable Prosperity. It is a structured approach to enable the creation of future sustainable society. It is a practical method that integrates many disciplines to create prosperity that is beyond financial performance. I will explain a bit more as I go. And also another way to describe perhaps is DSP accelerates achieving the ESGs and SDGs in mining regions. This method was developed for them to increase resilience in mining regions. And most of the approach can be illustrated in this graph. As you can see in the vertical axis is the purchasing power of the local people. And then the horizontal is the time, years. All mining have a finite life. So they all end. It could be 50 years, 100 years, but they all end. So the objective is to establish long-term viable economic base. For example, if you can see when mining arrives to town and when they reach full capacity, there is jobs for the local people and the purchasing power goes up. As the mine reaches the end of this life, jobs dry out and there is no more income. And we have all accepted mining as a driver of the economy. And in many cases in these regions, rural regions or some mining could be the only provider of income. So, but it ends. So there is another economic activity that is generated because of mining and that's the yellow curve. That's the suppliers, equipment suppliers, service, restaurants, hotels, tourists because people come to town and therefore there is this type of economy but follows the same trend. It also ends when the mine ends. Of course, this is not what we want to see. We want some level of economic activity to continue after the mine has ended. And this is what we focus on. That's what DSP does is the green space. But we start very early. We can start at any stage, but better if you do it early because we use the time of boom to create, to diversify the economy beyond mining in order to... So these are long-lasting business that's going to stay after closure. But also they have to have some scale as you can see here in order to have an impact on the economy. Today, there's a lot of great examples all over mining regions, but they're so small they get dwarfed by the magnitude of the mining. And at the end, may not likely survive. So the key point here is we have all accepted the red mining the driver of the economy and we relax and everything's fine. But it ends very quickly. It comes as temporary. So the key is the mining transitions from being the main provider of income to be catalyst for regional prosperity. So uses the power and position to bring everyone to the table because everyone has to work for the common good. And then within that situation there should be no conflict because there'll be other players and everybody's working for the benefit of all. So it's a method and a process and the process, so this occurs in the field. So it's not in a desk and an office designing but it's really with the key interested parties on site. So there's seven key steps. First, we establish a platform for collaboration between key interested parties, communities, investors, government, knowledge experts, et cetera. Then we build facts. So this is the integrating multiple disciplines in a footprint scale and match to the market needs. These are the facts. Then we use these facts to align the key interested parties because every interested party has different needs. So the facts, the science aligns all the interest. So then we create focus as the pillars of the future diverse economy. Then of course we build a roadmap for future including investment. And then we adapt education system to support the future and then implementation of the plan for sustainable prosperity. So how it's done. So as you can see here as a concept study that could last eight months to a year but the key is if you see to the right we build first the inputs for the design, the facts as I mentioned and two key things. The first one is the integrated natural resource models. So we start using geoscience to visualize, what can I say? To really visualize the hidden potential of the region. So we start with underground potential, a thousand or 2,000 meters deep, sources of water, sources of energy or even soil quality. So I have a really good idea what's the underground potential, the hidden potential then surface potential climate hazard. So put it all together integrated and make it very simplified for all the key interested parties to work with. Then we do an innovative world market study because they have to be needs in the market and we use researchers to do that because not just analysts who know supply and demand and that's the past. So we have to really include the researchers who are on top of their field to know what most likely happen. So we take those two and bring the integrated the interested key parties into it. So that's the alignment. And then we do the design to design the future services and technologies and products that will be needed in future ideal for the region. And in many cases, many we start with water because the water is the main issue in every region and for guaranteeing water we need clean and affordable energy. So what the energy go together then solutions for infrastructure based of course on the natural resources of the region solutions for waste. And once we know what's possible we adapt the education system to provide the skills and tools to support the diverse industry. I would just briefly mention a case study without the details because we don't have time. This is the solar potential in the world as you can see in Canada not the best in the blue region but still solar energy is profitable even in the Arctic. So but as you go down you can observe the potential is better and better and the best on earth you can see it happens to be in the Peru and Chile region. So now let's talk a little bit about south of Peru where you can see here in the map of Peru they have the best solar potential. It's nearly four or five times the irradiation potential as Canada for example. And this region has the water issue. There's no water and there'd be no water in 20 years because the glaciers and the desert and lakes and rivers may dry up. So they have enormous solar potential and they have no water. So we looked at the first thing we have to figure out how they can have water. So we looked at interesting technology that's a direct salination of seawater with solar energy. It's a new technology that the Arabs are trying to turn a desert into a forest and they have no river using seawater. So they're doing a pilot. So the idea here is for this region do not perhaps not develop these technologies but take one of these innovative this is a concentrated solar panel technology take one of those. And there's also very good skills in the region on higher metallurgy because they have smelters and so they know how to handle fluids at high temperature. And you know in CSP technology one of the ways to lower the cost of the technology is perhaps using even handling higher temperatures or also innovative materials. So take some of these technologies and make it economically viable, perfect it and become the center of excellence of how to make it work. So first adapting to the region and then because you have to develop your IP to have a long term enterprises and maintain your economy in the long run. And once you have affordable clean energy and water, clean water of course the agriculture and the innovative products and then adapt your education system to support that. So what's needed in order to make this happen? There has to be a potential and that's the reason we do this integrated natural resource models there has to be a market and that's the reason we do the world market including researchers. The potential has to be identified and designed and this is a method, a practical approach to deliver actionable items to create, diversify the economy beyond financial performance and needs a champion that knows what it takes to make it happen. DSP should result in vibrant long lasting businesses with improved environment and quality of life in the mining regions. And perhaps I should add one thing I forgot a lot of these solutions we find in these mining regions are mostly nature based solutions. So because there is interest and there is business cases to keep in forest, healthy, lakes, biodiversity and so on. How am I on time, Lauren? You have a couple more minutes. Probably about four more minutes. Wow, I rushed through it. So maybe is there any? I mean, that's okay. We're gonna have a discussion later. I actually wrote down maybe the very last point that you made is one that you might want to expand upon for one moment. I found your point that you need a champion to be very compelling. And I don't know if you have one more minute of thoughts on the role of leadership, but I thought that was perhaps an interesting thing to maybe continue a little bit more on. Excellent. So we need a champion to begin with. It could be one person from mining company, most likely is that or a member of the community or academia or government. It doesn't matter because this is a process that's on the ground. So as we do this and every key interested parties get involved all the way from data collection all the way through, we identify many more champions. Because the idea is that everybody's working together on this and they internalize, they become passionate and they want to champion because it's their ideas. So we just prepare using the science sort of a preliminary like an x-ray, we figure out how the earth was formed in this region and what's possible from what they have not seen it ever. So we bring them into this dream space with facts and then take it from there and then of course prioritize later and develop business cases for these long lasting enterprises and we complete with as I said, business cases, attractive packages to attract investment, financing plan, education plan and so on. So really actionable items that you can see the results probably within your next investor within the first three years. So that you share the risk. So the mining company is not the only one but there are others coming in for these long lasting enterprises to build this prosperity that is going to survive mining and it's different for each region because every region has different potential and also the world market is so full. We don't want to these regions to do commodity stuff when you see there are so many countries that you may have a day could be a dollar a day. So you don't want to do things that are not ideally suited to your region and expect to be able to compete in such a full market. So it's the idea to penetrate and maintain your market by innovating constantly. So open for discussion. Thank you, Lauren. Thank you so much, Doris. That was wonderful. And I think your last point there too is a good one. And I would sort of compliment that by saying a great product that fits your niche and your location that you can compete globally and that is bringing added value back to the community. That's great. We're gonna turn it over to Dr. Priscilla Nelson from the Colorado School of Mines while she's going ahead and getting her screen share set up. And I think actually Doris you might have to click stop so that she's able to do that. While she's changing the slides, I am gonna say we had a question in the chat from Andre about some of the education resources we shared asking if they were for minors. I'm just gonna say that the SDG Academy, all of our massive open online courses are geared towards a general audience. So it could be minors, it could be executives, it could be students of mining. It really is very broad at all levels. So I would encourage you to check them out and I will add as well that Priscilla put a link in the chat to a number of resources that the Colorado School of Mines offers freely available online. I have a feeling those are probably maybe a little bit more narrowly tailored to minors as an audience. So I would strongly encourage everybody to check that out as well. And your slides look great. So Dr. Nelson over to you. Thank you very much. I'm gonna start my video and that's great. So I was giving this title and as is typical for me, I went off in a different direction. So I hope that you can tolerate this. My name is Priscilla Nelson by training. I'm actually a geologist and a civil engineer. I came to Colorado School of Mines about eight years ago as the department head. And when I stepped down from that position, we were entering the tailings crisis that was really driven by some of the recent failures of our colleagues down of the mining that was being done down in Brazil and in Australia and in Canada. And so I changed my focus to really working with the tailings center. We established a tailings center as a partnership with the University of Arizona and Colorado State. So if anyone wants any more information about that, please let me know. But talking about ESG and SDGs, the SDGs are really a broad set of goals targeting 2030 as the year for this to happen. They do provide a framework for sustainable development thinking. I must indicate that as Doris indicated, it's a question of scale, over what scale are you going to try to integrate your address of these goals? But the SDGs are generally more thematic and not so much corporate centric, but they do help align between the two SDGs and ESGs. But you think about the ESGs and it really is dealing with responsible investment. ESG is all about risk. The ESG is a framework for how investors can assess risk, how they should assess risk, how they should report risk. Some ESGs are directly associated with the SDG goals, but ESG transparency and disclosure mandates are definitely aligned with the SDG, aligned but not mapped directly. In the corporate offices, the definition of ESG is often guided by ICMM, measuring and disclosing how non-financial risks and opportunities that are related to the planet and its people are managed. So the basic sense of planet and people is increasingly important. Strongly risk focused in the boardroom. Things have to be specific and measurable. Be careful what you use as your metric because it will drive the behavior that's going to result. They're assessed by multiple ratings organizations and everyone's making up new ones seemingly every day. And it really targets investors, banks, insurers, governments and customers. But ESG investing is really thinking about environmental, how does the company act as an environmental steward in whatever region it's defined, whatever scale, social aspects, how does the company treat the employees, its customers and the communities in which it operates and then governance, how does the company govern itself which is currently receiving quite a bit of scrutiny. But I caution to not ignore the second G and I call it ESGG because we have two Gs, the governance of the corporation but also the governance of the government. And this varies widely across the globe. And I think we know how to do the governance of the government better than we are doing it right now. A lot of economics people, policy people have paid attention. And I think this has got to be wrapped into this whole thing. So it's not just planet, people and profit. And we'll come back and talk about the profit in a little bit. ESG and business. For the last several years, big things have been happening. I note that the Norse's Bank dropped 12 companies from its sovereign wealth fund due to environmental and human rights concerns. And another four were placed under scrutiny because of production of coal-based energy. And Wall Street ESG loans are concerned about establishing these goals and then having the goals being missed and writing articles about it. But it's come to be clear that ESG itself and the way you report it is a source of risk for the mining industry. And the management of ESG within the corporation is a lot of, in many cases, corporate commitments are stated, but the commitments are rarely translated into systematic measures. So various organizations have tried to map the ESGs over to the SDGs. This is one attempt that was done by Sustainimetric. And you can see that a lot of this has to do with social aspects and environment. And fewer of the goals are really linked into the governance aspects in this mapping. This mapping here by Barenberg really divides the SDGs into environmental, social, and governance acts. And it helps to understand how people should be thinking about this mapping. But I don't wanna go too much into the depth of how you map and what's wrong or what's right with different kinds of mappings. Instead, I'd like to go to a sort of maybe tangential, but I think very important way of thinking. In 2017, Kate Rayworth from Oxford published a book called Donut Economics that was based on an Oxfam paper that she wrote back in 2012. And quite a number of my slides in the future are from Kate's work and from other people who have analyzed the work. She talks about the Donut Economics as a place where we should be operating that is in a safe zone between social equity and environmental planetary systems boundaries that we must acknowledge in all decisions. This provides a framework for the vision for how individual companies need to understand they relate to other companies and to other people and to effectively operating in the globe. So the Donut establishes a space which is within the planetary boundaries of what the planet can provide. And it also establishes an interface which is called human needs, defining the basic human needs that are needed on the planet. And therefore we have this inner circle of the Donut which we do not want to go into because that constitutes harming people not supplying the basic needs that everyone in the world increasingly has reasonable expectations to receive. And the outer boundary then is the boundary of harming the planet which also must not be done if we're going to have a sustainable planet. So we have effectively and maybe no doubt somewhat simplistically we have the societal foundations of the human needs which are really dominantly exhibited by the SDGs. And then we have the planetary limits of the whole economic enterprise that really is defined primarily by the ESGs. So this creates a Donut. Kate has worked with the Donut concept and established this kind of a plot where you can see on the outer boundary the planetary boundaries sometimes called the ecological ceiling. You're talking about major things that we don't thoroughly understand but we understand enough about them to know that they are important and we need to respect them. So the outer boundary includes the condition of the ocean and the waters on the earth, food production and fertilizer and phosphorus and nitrogen loading, biodiversity, air pollution, ozone layer depletion. Some of these we know more about so we can establish limits and those are marked red. Some of them we really don't really know exactly how close we are to any kind of a threshold that must be respected if we're going to have a sustainable planet. And similarly, the societal foundation, the human needs are defined on the inside. The basic sense is that any company needs to operate in the Donut and respect and make clear that they are providing and contributing to the basic human needs that are needed on the planet for our society while respecting the planetary boundary which is really focused on the sustainability long-term of the planet. So we live and work in the dough. And if you can look at this plot, there's some recent news items that really bear on each of those characteristics. So we see that we have a crisis developing on each of those ecological or planetary boundary systems. And we're finding more and more about these systems and our understanding will allow us to figure out how to deal with that planetary boundary. In the center, we've got the richest 1% owning half of the world's wealth. There's a problem with wealth distribution and provision for those fundamental rights of humans on the planet as we want the planet to be. This is an issue of scale as well though. This is a cartoon about the donut where you can see all of the parts of the donut on the inner circle shown. And in the center, we have a pit where there's too many people that are stuck in the hole and they're falling short on life's essentials. So any decision made ought to be thinking about how do we keep people out of the hole or if they're in the hole, pull them back out, not let them fall in. Meanwhile, on this scale, which is a city as it's drawn and it seems to be along the English Channel coast because you can see the chalk cliffs by the water, you're thinking about the questions of how does that city interact with its planet, its zone that's in the vicinity of it. Now people have taken these ideas and tried to map, for example, the SDGs into the donut. And you can see that many of the SDGs in this representation are really associated with that social foundation, establishing the fundamental human rights to build their own sustainable lives on the planet. And on the outside, you can see that there are fewer of the SDGs that bear upon that planetary boundary, the environmental ceiling. This concept has actually been taken over as well into the energy world. And rather than calling it a donut, they have decided to call it the energy bagel. But it's the same kind of idea of we have this basic expectation for access to energy to build all kinds of enterprises at the same time as we are not interfering with the planetary function so that we have a sustainable society. So success in life and work, whether you're talking about mining or any industry must be inside the dome and dough. And it must respect two mandates. One is regenerative design and decisions. And this actually bears upon engaging the circular economy. Very often mining companies want to mine, that is what they want to do. The recent competition that was run by BHP primarily in Chile was really focused on taking the mine waste tailings and doing something useful with them. But the mining industry in that context had no intention to actually take care of the tailings in that aspect themselves. So I think we have a mining industry that is not engaging the circular economy appropriately. And this is a major driver for the future of the mining industry, I think, is to think more in terms of circular economy, in terms of regenerative operations. And we also have to deal with distributed design which actually provides equitable access and sharing to the people. So the regenerative design is really focusing on operation in the dome, in the dough, without engaging the planetary boundary. Distributed design is really focusing on that inner part of the donut and keeping people out of the hole. So just to carry that a little forward, regenerative design in many cases these days is take, make, use, lose. And that's the end of it. And very often a philosophy that is adopted by many mining industry people. We need to go to a regenerative design where we take, make, use, consume, regenerate, restore and reuse that might be mapped out something like this, where we increasingly run on renewables, where the waste from one process equals food for another, where we have a modular design that really is appropriating can be selected in the context of the culture where the operations are going. And where in fact, what you're asking the companies to do is to consider what they're doing as a service to the community in the area rather than as simply making profit. Distributed by design deals with sharing value equitably that is produced by the social and economic engines that we have on this planet. And the fact that that 1% of the population owns half of the world's wealth indicates as a reflection of how undistributed the global current economy is. We think about enterprise ownership. We think about ethical supply chains, community empowerment, open source design. These are all processes, all decisions that can be made that really lead towards increasing distribution. So we can think rather simplistically about in the 20th century, we were centralizing enterprise and capturing as much value as possible for those who own that enterprise and looking towards the 21st century with increasingly distributive enterprise where we share value far more equitably with those who create and use it. So the question becomes in this context, can business that be mining in this case, do business in the donut, to stay in the donut and to use distributed operations by design, intentional regeneration by design. And you can take this all the way from doing nothing to do what pays now, to do your fair share, to do mission zero, which means no impact on the planet and nobody falling in the holes and effectively working towards doing the donut. It depends on the design of the business itself and business mining has to think differently about it in the future. 20th century extractive enterprise focused on how much financial value can we extract from this company and this operation. And we move towards a generative enterprise in the 21st century where we ask how many benefits can we generate as a mining company in the way in which we design our operations and the time framework over which we think about the impacts of our operations. So very often you hear about the focus on GDP growth and this whole donut suggests that GDP growth is not the driver for life and work in the dough. That growth centric thinking is deeply ingrained in economics and it profoundly influences world economic views, creating an expectation of any belief in the possibilities of endless GDP growth, even in the riches of countries and certainly in the poorest. However, there is no evidence that unbridled growth can be made compatible with preserving the integrity of the planetary systems and the social foundation systems on which we all depend. So we have to think differently about this GDP growth and that churning engine of economy is not unbridled growth. It becomes a case of managed and sustainable operations that respect the planetary boundary and that provide all of the people with security against falling in the hole. So the last slide that I have, my computer is acting strangely, I've got that says this, in practice excelling at life and work in the dough means focusing on building solutions in the middle ground of the doughnut where the environmental planetary preservation is respected, protected and where we tackle inequalities without causing more harm to our planet and where citizens themselves can play a key role in driving process. And this is a model. And as George Bach said, all models are wrong but some are useful. I suggest that the doughnut economics model is useful and is a way of maintaining this overall vision of what we are trying to do to build a sustainable planet and a secure and respected society. That's the end of my presentation. Thank you so much, Priscilla. I will confess that I was quite familiar with the doughnut economics but I had not seen the energy bagel before which is definitely something that I'm gonna be adding to my future slides and I think is a very useful communications tool for everyone with what we're trying to achieve here. We have a number of questions that have come in from our participants. I'm so grateful for those. If anybody else wants to add to the queue, the queue of questions, there's a Q&A option at the bottom of your Zoom window and you can type them in. I'm gonna start with these before I turn to some of my own and I'm gonna go ahead and ask Doris and Renato to go ahead and maybe turn on your cameras again for this discussion and I'm gonna see if Sonia can maybe put us back into gallery as opposed to spotlighting. So the first question is for, I'm gonna tentatively say Renato because it's about the case of Brazil specifically. Vania is asking about illegal gold production and the Gater Imperios and what we think we could do about that as a challenge asking, is there any initiative to address this issue? Is there anything we could do to address the illegal gold marketplace? After you take that first, I'm gonna possibly broaden it to both Doris and Priscilla. I don't know if you have thoughts as well sort of on some of the things around value chains and certification schemes and in your experience, different things that we can do as well too. I would say more broadly sort of enforce best practices insofar as that is possible in some of these areas. But Renato, please, we'll go you first and then Doris and then Priscilla if you have anything to add. Well, Vania is a close friend. So thank you very much for the question. Well, I have a response that maybe is not, maybe is more aggressive, but I'm not sure if prospecting is illegal in Brazil. Gold prospecting in the Garimperos because the government, current government is favoring the Garimperos, okay? So we have to review that. In fact, we need the society really to be stronger in establishing their values, okay? I don't think right now we cannot say that Garimperos are illegal because they have been supported. If nobody else has anything to add. Lauren, you asked me to say something. Can you repeat briefly the question because I missed the question. Yeah, so this question was specifically about different incentives you can use to reduce illegal gold mining in Brazil. And one of the questions that was raised was different incentives that you could impose on the value chain. And I thought either you or Priscilla might wanna come into this. To me, there's a larger question about what else is possible. There was a slide on the ESG conditionalities that are imposed on some loans, particularly from wealthy countries coming into maybe some countries with less enforcement. Being ineffective, is there a way to make that effective? Have you seen certification schemes that are effective? Is there any sort of this broad question of does anybody have a good case study of a way that we've been able to kind of impose better regulations or restrictions through the value chain? I guess my only comment is we are buried with the standards. You can see by the tailings. For example, there are so many. We are buried with things, but I think we have to go beyond compliance into creating value. And we have to start by seeing value differently. And from the very beginning from mining, understand the geology of the ore body and start with a value concept from beginning to end. So I guess my opinion is to go away beyond being compliance for our requirements. We are way, it's too late for that. And people don't follow any policies anyhow. So anyhow, my opinion is we have restructured the whole value in mining. And instead of handling so much waste and creating so much waste value from everything you do every step of the way understanding the ore body to begin with. So everybody should be studying geoscience to begin with. Thank you. So let me add to that. I particularly appreciate Doris' comment that is something that I call geometallurgy, understanding the value in the mountain and all the way through the entire processing. And there's some companies like LKAB that really their focus is to try to get to the point where there is absolutely no waste where a hundred percent of the material that they removed from the mountain is actually used in a useful purpose. But the issue of small scale mining whether it's illegal or not is something that I think we have to address. Many, many more people in the mining industry are associated with small scale mining than with big scale mining. There it is a way of life. And yes, it does have environmental consequences whether you're talking about mercury or cyanide or anything else. There are environmental consequences but it is a way of life. And I think what we need to do is to figure out how to make that way of life viable and productive and not compromising the planet and keeping people out of the hole. And in places where it's practiced it keeps people out of the hole which is why it continues. So from a donut perspective we have to figure out how to make it so that it doesn't impact on the environmental boundaries and is viable. And I think we can do that rather than trying to make policy or laws that restrict it and say it's illegal is to instead think about how to make it illegal viable in a real way of life for many people in many countries around the world. Thank you, Priscilla. Renato, it looks like you wanna come in again as well on this question. Please go ahead. Yeah, just to compliment. The issue of guiding payers is a very complex issue. And we cannot mix. And I think that either large scale mines or small scale mines we really, these are two different situations. So the guiding payers thing needs a very intense political discussion and social discussion concerning mining, the conventional mining, the legal mining, either small or large one. And from the presentations of Doris and Priscilla it's very clear that we need a major transformation culture at the mining industry and the territory at stakeholders, communities and government. And I'm not sure I understand the point of the champions, the function of the champions but certainly we need to address changing culture. And I don't think it's being done right now. I think that we are not respecting the importance of the issues of culture, difference in culture in the lane of this move that have been presented here either by Doris or by Priscilla. Thank you. We're gonna turn to a next question from Garrett, it's for Doris about DSP. He's asking what is the motivation for the mining company to participate in the diversified future economy? Is it because they want to be good corporate citizens? Is it part of social license to operate during the approval process? Are there economic benefits to the mine? Could you come in and share any insight on this? Thank you. There's two things. It costs less. The current situation is the mining company is trapped being the only provider of income, the driver of the economy, the engine of the economy and we are hated no matter what we do. We do good things. So if we continue doing the same thing we'll be hated even more. And it costs a lot of money to get by. And the mining core competency is not trying to take the role of the government, trying to take the role of every single thing that goes wrong in the region. So they know how to do mining and they can do that very well and they really need to perhaps release those duties to innovate more in mining and focus in value and restructure the way they do mining. And the impact of mining in the regions is wider than the boundaries of the mine. So it's like a guest. You go and visit your guest at the house. It's temporary. You don't break the room and leave the bed all and then leave the place worse than you found before you arrived. So it's, how can I say? You're a host, you're a guest, temporary guest. What do you leave behind? But what I'm saying with ESP, the mining doesn't build the diversification of the economy. They become the catalyst. So right now they have all the responsibility on their shoulders. They are the bad father that gives everything. And the child never learns anything at the end. You leave and what happens? It was the bad father. He gave everything and did everything. So if the mining company is going to diversify, it has to stay forever and that's not sustainable and that's not a competence unless they want to invest in other businesses. So I'm talking about regional prosperity and the mining becomes the catalyst, becomes perhaps the first champion to bring everyone to the table for all to work together for the common good. So it becomes transparency. The target isn't any longer the mining but the future economy for the region. And when I say economy, please, I'm not talking about the industrial revolution or anything like that. More nature-based solutions. So what's the idea for each region? What IP can be developed? And what long lasting enterprises can be developed? So they become just the catalyst, like the enabler, the trampling to begin with. And then other investors come to town. So you build resilience in the region. You risk your investment. And by doing that, you are not... How can I say? It costs you a lot less because you don't have to invest, trying to get by and never be able to sleep quietly because you don't know which way is going to... What problems you're going to encounter because it's not sustainable to keep doing everything to get by. So let me follow up on that because the basic sense I always see these days is that mining views this kind of behavior as a way to decrease risk. They see there being a large risk associated with the social community aspects and the social license. So they're fighting risk. The situation, as I see it, though, is you want them to see it as a win-win. And if the only thing they're doing is staying the same but just paying attention to risk, that means that they start hiring sociologists and anthropologists to go out and take care of the communities and to make everybody happy. But philosophically, mining is not engaging the circular economy. And if all it does is convene, I think mining itself has to change much in the way the petroleum industry has become much more into the circular economy where they've paid attention to the downstream operations. They all have subsidiaries that are doing chemical process making. They're not just producing petroleum, they're actually inventing things to do with the petroleum. And in mining, it's much more we wanna stay the way we are and in order to operate the way we operate, we have to keep the people happy. And that's not really a win-win. And so I think we need a fundamental change in the mining industry that will lead it to engage the circular economy. And maybe instead of just mapping material flow, we ought to be mapping responsibility flow through their resource cycle and really try to figure out what are the responsibilities and make it very clear to companies that there are responsibilities they are not taking on right now. And they could and they could actually take them on and perhaps develop new enterprises, become more partners than Godfathers. Become a force of good rather than being hated and cost less and focus on mining and innovate and create value. Next question. Great. I'm gonna ask another question for Doris. This one is very concrete about generating a more diversified economy when the mine is operating and the mining companies tend to offer more attractive wages than other sectors that are coming in and there might be less interest and incentive to grow these other sectors while the mine is operating and it's a good job. So specifically asking, how do you kind of overcome this sort of wage disincentive on diversification? Yeah, that's a very good point. The diversification I'm talking about is for mining regions where mining is perhaps only provider of income. As you develop these long lasting enterprises that are mostly nature-based, I have to emphasize that. So they are not more of the doing the same thing. So I believe to begin with, once we do this, if you go with this DSP method, we do really a lot of work to figure out what's ideal for region-based and all these elements that I already discussed. So we come up with really things we never thought of and we go into developing IP for the region. So first people get internalized, get passionate and want to really do because it makes sense. But also we bring the government, of course, because it's all players to create the environment for these to work. So initially to provide incentives for it to work so that it can have its own life and be profitable in the future. So yeah, it's a good point. It's not easy to solve, yes, because mining, the difference of pay is enormous. And why would you do something else? But in most of the cases, we start with energy, low cost of affordable energy. And then you bring another player for energy. So I believe it could be competitive salaries, but a little bit of help to begin with, but I don't see, it's an issue right now the way we see the situation. But with this approach, I believe it may be an issue to begin with, but it can be competitive very soon. Thank you. Renato, you want to come in on this and then my next question is going to be to you. So I'll tell you to keep your microphone open. Just to compliment, I understand the question. We are coming back again to the difference in culture of mining, okay? So then the culture of mining to dominate the problems. So let's dominate the society, you know? When we talk about looking for a diversification of the economy, we have to understand that society is diverse by nature, okay? So it's just a question of respecting the choices of the local society. It's there, okay? The diversification is there and people is ready to, let's say, to receive the stimulation and the effort and the subsidies and financial support for diversification. It's natural. I see that we have to respect that. I was also going to follow up. Alan is asking you, Renato, have you achieved UNESCO geopark status given the issue of mining? Could you maybe, for people who don't know, maybe give a little bit about, you know, what the UNESCO geopark accreditation is and, you know, a little bit on the process. Well, our geopark, okay, we applied for that 10 years ago, okay, for the geopark of the mining region in Virginia. We'll give him one more second to see if the connection gets restored. I just wanted to say one thing about, give some kudos to Vale down in Brazil that has had a number of years of high concerns related to tailings, but their attitude has been quite strong in terms of trying to find those downstream uses for their tailings and get to the point where it's really engaging the circular economy. So I just wanted to give some kudos to that activity down in Brazil and Vale. Renato, I'll come back to you in just one moment, but I want to tack on to Priscilla as well. Vania, that was another example that she submitted through the Q&A was a Vale example where they're taking tailings and waste rock and turning it into agricultural soil. You know, I had shared this case study of water use. I don't know, Priscilla as well, do you maybe have one or two thoughts on some of the more creative innovations that people are coming up with to handle tailings? Well, I think Vale is trying to, they've already done some separations and they are creating a market for sand. People on the call might not know, the world is running out of sand, which is a major component of concrete, which is a highly non-recycled material. But I think some of the very interesting things that we're finding out, and the mention was also of working on nickel mining up in Canada. What they're finding is that the ultramanfic rock characteristic of nickel or weather is very fastly. And as it weathers, it sequesters CO2. So we're actually working a project right now to see if we can microbially enhance more common kinds of rock to weather them faster. And can you imagine, the mining industry would become the greenest of all if it sequestered all of the CO2 that was being produced. It's not something that is unimaginable. And I think we're gonna over the next 10 years find out what can and cannot be done there. So there are mining companies that are thinking about engaging the circular economy and the planetary boundaries in addition to the hole in the middle of the donut. That would be a very exciting solution and a really great use of waste material to really meet a real need. Renata, welcome back to you. If you have anything you wanna add on this point or again, back to the question of the sort of UNESCO Geopark status, please go ahead. I know it's, I'm here just to, I apologize for losing the signal but I'm ready to respond referring to the Geopark. Yeah, go ahead, please. Okay, okay. Well, the Geopark, UNESCO Geopark that was being implemented in the region of Ironwall in the Minerva Gerais state. We got the candidacy approval by UNESCO in 2011. We have been responding to many, demands of change in the governance of the Geopark and a supply of information and to risk activities and so on. But it's clear that there are difficulties to run a Geopark within inside a major mining area, okay? It's very difficult. So it's our proposal now to review how we establish a new area of Geopark that don't conflict with mining. Absolutely no conflict with mining and then resume all the developments in a way to establish a more close relationship with mining operations and Geopark operations. As we reach this relationship, more close relationship, we can resume again the development. Well, we are coming towards the end of our time but I think I will throw out one more question. Felipe is asking about the energy transition. Specifically, do we have enough minerals to supply all of the demand that's gonna be needed for batteries, electric vehicles, et cetera? What would this mean for commodities prices? If commodities become more expensive, would the transition be slowed? Anybody who has thoughts on this, and Priscilla, I saw you nod, so maybe we'll go to you first this time then Doris then Renato. Well, I think the energy transition and the critical minerals aspects merge. And it's only really being thought of clearly on a geopolitical framework. And it cannot be. If we're gonna get enough of the minerals that are needed, we have to think about how to do startup, how to do secondary processing, how to do primary processing, but how to recycle tailings, how to remind tailings. This is an opportunity to figure out how to do it right where we create an environment that's not abusive, that is sustainable. And so the question to Doris would become taking the DSP idea, how do you do that in the context? Or can we lay out a plan for how startups are people who want to go in mind tailings, people who want to do that critical mineral finding that is necessary for the energy transition. Can we lay out a plan for how those startups can start to do that? Because they don't know. We have a research project right now from the National Science Foundation in the United States that is actually geared towards trying to figure out what the framework should be for a company that wants to develop these critical mineral supplies that are needed for the energy transition. And I think a lot of the startups would benefit from having that kind of a framework laid out so that they understand how to do it right the first time. Yes, of course, DSP is adapted to the needs of the region and the mining companies. So for example, also there is a skill shortage. It's one of the big issues we are dealing in the industry right now. And then we have a big effort for years to work what skills we need to develop for the future. But we don't know what skills we really need in the future. So DSP also comes nicely there to figure out what are the pillars of the future economy for this region and therefore what would be the skills needed in the future. So yes, it's adapted to it and we can talk later about it. But I just wanted to go back to this energy transition. So my opinion is because I'm a metallurgist and researchers and so we are trying to, you know, all this noise and predictions is very hard to do it right now. We don't know if it's going to happen. So we are counting on EV. So there's two things first. The way we are growing is not sustainable. So we are counting a number of vehicles for person. What if suddenly we change to more mass transport? So that's one idea. The other one is there is every metal can be replaced. And research labs are going full block to replace anything that is a problem or is too expensive. It may not take overnight. So initially, yes, the critical materials will be needed. But we don't know which way is going to go. So we cannot count that's going to be. We have to count that it may happen. It might not happen. It may go this way or it may go that way. So if I invest in one mineral and happens, that's been replaced because, you know, new innovation has just come out and changed the landscape. So we don't know what's going to happen. So we cannot count on that just 100% and invest. And so I believe we have to be careful, you know, it could happen or it could not happen. And therefore invest for all the right reasons. I wouldn't worry about that, but rather do it right. I think the biggest thing for mining, I believe, is, you know, we have so many technologies available now. We are automating stuff, but we are automating obsolete ways of doing things. I believe we have to start rethinking mining on the value, you know, we have an ore body, we have to extract the value of it. Why do we handle so much waste? So rethink, change entirely how we do mining. We've been doing for years the same way. This is our chance to rethink a new way of doing, then automate. So streamline entirely, zero waste and no impact to the environment. How can we do mining, continue doing mining and support because we are, you know, the transition, energetic transition is a game changer for mining. We have become strategic. We can become a force of good if you do it right. Thank you, Doris. Renato, any final thoughts from you? And then I'll wrap this up. Sure, just I eventually will consolidate Doris and Priscilla. First of all, we are in a period of revolution in science and technology and certainly don't know very clear the future, much more transformation. We certainly will reach a new equilibrium in terms of demand and availability of minerals. We need to look at substitution. There is a lot of room for substitution with energy minerals. Recycling certainly has to be more profound. I have been in a meeting in Sanford and it's very clear for example, the United States and Canada, how much exploration effort is doing for new sources in US, Canada and other countries. And again, we are looking for a new sustainable world. So we may reach a new scenario of demand and application and demand of energy and so on. Thank you. Thank you. Well, I apologize to all the participants whose questions we couldn't get to. We appreciate that you sent them and we were sorry, we did our best but we did not have enough time. Thank you so much to our illustrious panel. Everybody made wonderful presentations. I really enjoyed listening to the discussion and your points. For me, I'm taking home a lot of interesting messages. We talked a lot about integration and breaking down silos between different frameworks, different sectors. We talked about how we can create a pipeline for closing some of the gaps in jobs and making sure we have enough people for mining in the future. We talked about governance at the country and the company level. We talked about the idea of an expansion of a generative economy as opposed to sort of an unsustainable extractive one. And I'm really excited about having all these ideas in my head for the rest of the day. It will give me energy. Thank you to our wonderful participants as well. This will be posted to the SDSN YouTube account and we'll also send a link out to everyone who joined. And if anybody wants to get directly in touch with any of our panelists, you can also reply to that email and we'll do our best. Thank you so much to everyone who was up late with us, up early with us. I wish everybody a great rest of their day and evening and we'll see you for our next webinar.