 by saying that I hated English when I was an undergraduate. I now make a living writing papers and grants. And I watched the History Channel every night. As for chemistry, it'll become obvious in my opinion remarks. Before the term biological science was ever used, humans practiced biology to learn about themselves and the living organisms around them. The knowledge obtained from the myriad of animal plants and microorganisms studied is what has allowed these organisms to serve as the sources of our food, the sources of our materials that clothe us and house us, and the sources of medicines that can heal us when we're sick and protect us from becoming sick. As a biologist, I've studied the chemical and physical processes that enable humans and other living organisms to acquire nourishment, grow, reproduce, adapt to change in physical surroundings, and even repair damage. It is this knowledge about living organisms and its use that is the basis for modern plant and animal agriculture, for the practice of modern medical treatment and pharmaceutical discovery, and for microbial fermentation technologies that provide our side with everything from the flavorings for chocolate to the medication production for treatment of disease, for bioplastics to detergents, from biofuels to cheese and other dairy products. I think the question, can you reestablish society without the knowledge that I agree as a biologist? Let me wing it for a little. And do I have a timer? Yeah, you've got another minute. That's all I need. Knowledge from biological science is just critical. If we want to create the ability to diagnose health problems and disease that range from bacterial to viral infection to develop medications from plants where the first medications came from, and antibiotics which came from living organisms, the ability to use genetics to establish robust plant and animal agricultural systems through breeding, cultivating plants and animals for clothing and shelter from bacteria, how are we going to create vaccines to protect ourselves, our pets if they survive this apocalypse, and our livestock if they are alive too. Communicating science and applications of this knowledge to future generations, if I can't do it, if I can't get on that vote to do it, we're going to go back to the Stone Age. These capabilities go away if I'm not on that vote. Any questions? Dr. Sookie? I have a question for the audience. And I want you to answer it with all honesty. So I don't care if you brought a sign that says whatever. I want you to answer this question honestly. Raise your hand if you recognize the word that I'm about to say. Friend and son. Oh, yeah. Here we go. What that means for all of you. Actually, put your hands back up, you're reaching out. How many of you have ever read Mary Shelley's novel? Bunch of hands right now. OK. That was my point too. All right. So why is it that back in 1816, this young teenage girl decided to write a story for ghost story competition that turned into a novel. And 200 years later in Arkansas, a bunch of 19, 20, 21-year-olds recognized the name or the title of that novel. And the reason is because Mary Shelley, when she wrote that novel, touched on every single topic that you're going to hear discussed today. The foundation of civilization and society, science is important, history is important, biology and science. We have two sciences to show up of how extra important it is. But what's at the core of all society, of all civilization is storytelling. Every single society, no matter what language they speak, no matter how technologically advanced they are, all societies emerge from common shared narratives, from stories that explore who we are as individuals, who we are as society, what the problems are with our society, and who we wish to become. What do you think? Yeah. That was just the thing. The other part of it, right? And this will be a narrative for you today. Mary Shelley's Frankenstein touches on the political issues of her day through revolution, the ethical questions in a secular space that's not tied necessarily to any one religion. And it also specifically asks us to investigate emerging technologies and what we are to do. What's the ethical thing to do with those technologies? So a humanist and specifically someone who's well versed in storytelling and those narratives is going to be someone who you want around to ask, hey, do we really, really need to save chocolate? Or do we really, really, really need to save our humanity? Well, back to Dr. Adams from chemistry. So I think it's important that we understand the historical perspective of the work of Charles Rue, who learned and developed a way to stabilize blood plasma some seven to eight years ago. We've been talking about these stories significantly, subpoena, blacks, and the ability to over-sales the energy they have around to sense their research. We would not know about these stories. We would not feel the ability to communicate and find parts of the black print from the ancient black standpoint. And while it is absolutely necessary to understand the biological significance of organisms as it relates to our health and our environment, however, none of these are more relevant, have a relevance as it relates to understanding what's going on with the smallest level. We are in the middle of a popular phase. We don't know if we have drinking water. We don't know if the air around us is readable. The abilities and the skill sets that come from learning chemistry and biochemistry can help us take very good water and make our own people. Therefore, I am not going to give you a dramatic rendition. I am not going to talk about the significance of the systems that I say. I can tell you right now, we are in the middle of a populace. Half of us have lost our cell phones. Without the technological advances made by banal technology, which has fundamental comfort from chemistry, how are you going to protect us through the mother and father to tell them you are OK? That's a great answer for this question. It doesn't aren't as followable, but we are facing the future and I guess you don't want to hear about the past. But let me tell you, history is about the future. Disasters are human made. Humans deprived of memory become visor-oriented and lost, not knowing where they have been and where they are going. So I could choose the easy route. Cliché of white fun. That's how they've got to become cliché. How many times have you heard the phrase that those who do not learn from history have been to repeat it? And yes, on this note, and on what is left about the love of the planet, we would repeat all the mistakes that have played the world to date, including the mistakes that they managed to destroy the world. So let me elaborate on that cliché. Karl Marx said that history repeats itself versus tragedy said it as farce. George Bernard Shaw, if history repeats itself and the unexpected always happens, how incapable must that be of learning from experience? And Hannibal said, every time history repeats itself, the price goes up. Thought be more realistic and humble, and use Mark Quinn instead, who said, history does not repeat itself, but does rhyme. Or Sidney Harris, a famous Chicago colonist, who said, history repeats itself by such cutting disguise that we never detect the resemblance until the damage is done. And he said, it's guidance that you will be equipped to unveil. History gives you the ability to find what is left, which matters enormously, because nothing is built from scratch. You will learn how to frame the questions we need, how to research the few best documents left, and above all, make sense of them. Because they speak so loud about where we are now and where we should go from. They will also teach you how to do it practically with an argument about love of the planet. How many of you have seen all red in the time machine, a fan of a science figure, okay, a little breeze of hands, but I assume that some of you will have read it. And the protagonist lands with his contraction into the very distant future populated by the haptus illoids and the brutal warlocks. He asks them, where is your library? He's looking for traces of what happened, how has the world become this way? And he goes to that library, writes a book, and he crumbles in his hands. And then they offer him this recording from this advanced technology that they had that finally shows him what actually happened. He becomes the connection between the beautiful illoids and the past, is their time machine, helping them not to turn the clock back, but to save humanity from itself. Let me go show him to you. In my office, I have this poster, I don't know if you can see it from the distance, but it shows three individuals. First, the FDR, it's from a local bar, and it says Booze. Second, with the Churchill, Booze. Third, out of fever, no. And then it says since 1989, sorry, since 1989, we are shared. Okay, so Booze and smoking, out of fever had no vice other than being a genocidal in being a. In smoke, in a drink, and he did not read history. He decided to invade Russia, and he did not ask Napoleon, and that's how he had done it. I have to say, okay. FDR was a history major. Winston Churchill was a historian himself. And FDR did not just do that as you know, he took us out of a great disaster called the Great Depression. When he was a presidential candidate since we have so many now, that famous commentary described that he was a pleasant man who without any important qualifications for the office would very much like to be president. Well, his qualifications was to be a student of history, and he didn't help not only save this country, but perhaps save the world. And he's in good company. Some of our best leaders are actually major in history. And wouldn't you want them to lead us again? I would be glad to. His cousin, Theodore Roosevelt, was a historian. They made American global power. Woodrow Wilson took us out of a disaster called World War I history. Why, as an hour, he also helped us bring victory in the beaches of Normandy. Richard Nixon, now we're going to miss him again. Richard Nixon, now we're going to miss him again. But another historian called Harry Kessinger, he did start a nuclear disarmament, and George W. Bush, which is an amazing history again, plus the general election. History made another reconstruction possible through historians like me, I, and Papa. 15 seconds. 15 seconds. And then there are also those who made history fun, like Steve Correll and Ronald Wright, Sacha Baron Cohen, they're all historians. So do you remember? Yes, remember that the key to our future is in the past. The skills to reveal the mysteries of human psyche that brought us to this art and history. And above all, as one of the giant historians of DHR, one said, history is for optimists. Optimists because historians should imagine a way to produce peace, prosperity, and justice for all. Thank you. Thank you.