 Welcome to the Hindu news analysis by Shankar Ayesakarmi. The news articles along with the page numbers are displayed here for your reference. The PDF link of the handy to notes and the time stamping of the news articles is given in the description box as well as in the comments section. Now let us start our today's news analysis. This news article talks about the humanitarian assistance provided by the Indian Navy through Operation Vanilla to Madagascar that has been affected heavily by the Cyclone Diane. So in this contest we will be seeing about Operation Vanilla and what are these Vanilla islands, then certain geographical aspects of island nation Madagascar and then about the tropical Cyclone Diane and finally about the bilateral relations between India and Madagascar. See the syllabus will win for analysis of this news article is highlighted here for your reference. Know that Madagascar had been hit by Cyclone Diane last month. It is followed by massive floods and landslides that killed around 30 people and has affected more than 92,000 people. Therefore as a humanitarian gesture India has delivered massive relief supplies such as food, clothing and medicine to the people of Madagascar who were affected by the Cyclone Diane. See this humanitarian assistance by India is termed as Operation Vanilla and for this purpose the Indian Navy ship that is INS Airaavath has been deployed in the relief mission on 26th January to provide assistance to affected people. See this operation that is Operation Vanilla which is launched by the Indian Navy is the first international respondent to this evolving humanitarian crisis in Madagascar. Now we will see some geographical facts about Madagascar which is an island country in the Indian Ocean. Madagascar is situated off the southeast coast of Africa and it is the fourth largest island in the world. See Madagascar is crossed by the Tropic of Capricorn and it is separated from African mainland by the Mozambique Channel. Despite a wealth of natural resources and tourism driven by its unique environment Madagascar reminds one of the poorest countries in the Africa. So it is heavily dependent on foreign aid. See the island consists of narrow coastal plain which is backed by a high plateau and mountains inland. So due to this that is its location the island is exposed to periodic cyclones and droughts. See Madagascar is hit by an average of three to four cyclones each year between the months of November and April. So the recent cyclone Diane that affected Madagascar is tropical cyclone. See they are termed as tropical cyclones as they originate and intensify over warm tropical oceans. See these cyclones originate over the oceans in tropical region and move to the coastal areas causing violent winds and heavy rainfall and leading to storm surges. If you see the cyclone that hit Madagascar that is cyclone Diane is also originated northwest of the coast of Mauritius in the southwestern Indian Ocean region and move towards the coastal region of Madagascar. And we know generally that cyclones are known in different names in different regions. For example cyclones in Indian Ocean are called as tropical cyclones whereas in Atlantic Ocean these are called as hurricanes and in the western Pacific and in the South China Sea these are known as typhoons and in western Australia these are known as willy willies. This is all about tropical cyclones that you should know in exam point of view. Now coming back to the news article that is let us discuss the significance of such assistance by India. See India has been providing humanitarian assistance to Madagascar through its operation vanilla and this timely assistance by the government of India and by the Indian Navy in the aftermath of the tropical cyclone Diane has been greatly appreciated by the local authorities of Madagascar. It will further foster the India-Madagascar relations. See both the countries enjoy cordial bilateral relations and Madagascar has been supportive of India's demand for permanent membership of the United Nations Security Council and Madagascar also supported India's candidature in various UN and other international bodies. See Madagascar is also important for us because about 17,000 persons of Indian origin people lives in this country. In addition to this this humanitarian assistance by the Indian government is seemed to be in consonance with Prime Minister's vision of Sagar that is security and growth for all in the region. See the Sagar concept was announced by Prime Minister in 2015 during his visit to Mauritius and other Indian Ocean Islands. See the Sagar is the India's vision for Indian Ocean and at that time Madagascar, Comoros and the French Island of reunion were looked after by Eastern South African division of the Ministry of External Affairs. However in 2019 the Ministry of External Affairs included these three islands as a part of Indian Ocean region. See Seychelles and Mauritius are already part of Indian Ocean region division under Ministry of External Affairs. Now we'll see about vanilla islands. These islands includes Seychelles, Mauritius, Madagascar, Mayotte, Comoros along with French reunion island. See these islands are situated in the southwest Indian Ocean region and the term vanilla is used because these countries are known for the export of flavoring substance vanilla. So that is why these islands are known as vanilla islands. Now we'll see why these vanilla islands are important for us. It is because of their strategic location like India, China and other countries are also aiming the resources of Africa and these vanilla islands are situated on important sea lines of communication to Africa and hence these islands are statistically important. Apart from that India's relationship with these vanilla islands reflects the growing strategic importance of the Indian Ocean islands in the Indo-Pacific framework. Know that among these vanilla islands the four islands that is Seychelles, Mauritius, Madagascar and Comoros are members of African Union. And also the members of Indian Ocean Commission. See the Madagascar and Comoros are also the members of Indian Ocean Reunification and the International Solar Alliance that is ISC. So in the context of Operation vanilla we have discussed about vanilla islands then some geographical aspects of Madagascar and then about the tropical cyclone Diane and finally about the bilateral relations between India and Madagascar. With this we have come to the end of analysis of this news article. The display practice question will be discussed at the end of the session. Now let us proceed to the next news article analysis. We know that the United Kingdom has formally left the European Union on 31st January 2020. So in this context this editorial shows the opinions of two officials of the European Union about their future course of action. The syllabus element for the analysis of this editorial is highlighted here for your reference. So first let us understand about the European Union. See after World War II there was a common opinion to strengthen the unity among European countries to prevent another catastrophe. Therefore in 1951 the Treaty of Paris was signed to form the European coal and steel community and its core aim was to revive the economy of Europe and the integration of their members. Then as a further development the Treaty of Rome was signed in 1957 and it has led to the formation of the European Economic Community. See it further integrated the member countries of Europe and UK joined this group in 1973. Then another significant development was the Treaty of Maastricht which was signed in 1992. See this treaty established the European Union as a stepping stone for European Economic Community and it also significantly expanded the economic and political cooperation between European countries. See after UK exit that is on 31st January 2020 this Union officially have 27 countries. See this European Union allows free trade between member countries which means goods can move between member countries without any checks or extra charges. See the European Union also allows free movement of people to live and work in whichever country they chose. Now we will see what led to Brexit. See there was growing tensions in the United Kingdom that being a member of European Union is not beneficial for UK and it had to compromise its sovereignty. Therefore a public vote or referendum was held in UK in the month of June 2016. So in this referendum about 52% voted for leaving the European Union. From then the procedure for Brexit was going on and finally on 31st January 2020 UK left the European Union. With this UK became the first member state to leave the European Union. Now with this background let us look into the editorial. See the authors say that the Brexit was indeed a sad moment for the European Union as well as many British people. Now the priority is to build the future course of action between European Union and UK. See the first part of this future course of action was a structured exit of the United Kingdom. A structured exit means an exit with minimum disruptions that means an exit with minimum disruption for the citizens, business persons, public administrations as well as for the international partners. See the authors mention that both UK and European Union have agreed for a transition period at least till the end of 2020. So during this cooling off period UK will continue to participate in European Union's customs union which is a single market with the applicability of EU laws. The UK will also continue to abide by the international agreements made by the European Union. So the transition period actually provides an element of continuity for UK and other European Union members. See the authors say that the remaining 27 members will work together to maintain the closest possible partnership with UK in the future. So we know that UK is one of the biggest countries in the European Union especially in terms of the size of its economy, defence force and in terms of the power it wields as a permanent member of UN Security Council. So maintaining a close partnership will be beneficial to both EU and UK. See the authors believe that this close cooperation between UK and European Union is possible because they are bound by history, they are bound by geography, culture, then shared values and principles. So UK and European Union also have a strong belief in rules-based multilateralism. However there are challenges which include climate change and associated events or security challenges such as cybercrime or terrorism. Therefore these challenges requires common efforts in order to curtail. See the authors believe that both European Union and UK will work together bilaterally and in key regional and global fora such as the United Nations, then in case of World Trade Organization, then the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, then the G20 etc. See in the last part of this editorial the authors say that Brexit will not have an impact on the European Union because with 27 members left the EU is still the largest trading bloc in the world with a single market of about 450 million citizens and more than 20 million businesses etc. So they still believe in the core idea that is we are stronger together. So in simple terms the author says that the EU will remain as a strong and reliable partner to other countries. It will work together with other countries to further expand trade and investment and to tackle climate change and security issues and to finally abide a rules-based multilateral world. With this we have come to the end of analysis of this editorial topic. Can you know that we have made in-depth analysis of Brexit, its global impacts and impacts for India on our 14th December 2019 analysis? Please refer this video for your better understanding. See this news article is a continuation of the editorial. In editorial we were so optimistic about the future UK-U relationship but this news article will tell us that complete cooperation between UK and EU may be difficult to achieve and this news article is exposing the ongoing difficulties that are being faced by UK and EU in making a future trade deal. See the news article says that both UK and EU provides a contrasting vision for post-Brexit trade talks. It simply means that the British Prime Minister Boris Johnson is not in favour of complete agreement with the terms of EU. See as we discussed that there will be a transition period after Brexit. So during this time period UK is supposed to abide by the existing principles of European Union but the British Prime Minister had said that UK will restore its sovereignty control over its borders, migration, subsidy rules, then procurement, then data protection rules. This means that there can be friction between UK and EU when it comes to trade and pupils movement across borders. See the article also tells that making a post-Brexit trade deal which will satisfy both UK and EU is very difficult to conclude. See this is a evolving news and let us wait and watch for the finality of the issue hopefully by the end of the year 2020. With this we have come to the end of analysis of this news article. The display practice question will be discussed at the end of the decision. Now let us move on to the next news article analysis. Now let us see this editorial where the author is critical about two of the announcements made by the government in the union budget. See if you remember we have informed in our second February analysis that we shall be seeing more news articles and editorials related to union budget in the future sessions. Also on that day we saw about the three themes of union budget. So in this context let us see about both the announcements and the related themes and then we shall discuss the editorial which is based on these announcements. The syllabus relevant for the analysis of this editorial is given here for your reference. See the union budget which was presented on 1st February is woven around three prominent themes in order to improve ease of living of all. These themes include aspirational India then economic development and caring society. And these three are guided by other prominent themes like governance and financial sector as we can see in this picture. See if you see in the budget the programs and plans which are announced to accomplish the theme of aspirational India. That is the programs and plans which are related to wellness, water and sanitation and also education and skills come under the theme of aspirational India. Now one of the announcements which are made under this wellness, water and sanitation was that the government has proposed to set up viability gap funding window for setting up of hospitals in the public private partnership mode. So from this announcement we can see that the plan is to build health infrastructure and thereby generating employment opportunities. Then the other announcement which was made is under education and skills that the government has proposed to attach a medical college to an existing district hospital in public private partnership mode. See the government announced that those states that fully allow the facilities of the hospital to the medical college and wish to provide land at concessional rates would be able to receive viability gap funding. And it is said that the details of the scheme would be worked out soon. So from this announcement we can see that the plan is to strengthen the health infrastructure by joining hands with the corporate sector. So in this contest let us see about public private partnership which means an arrangement between a government or a statutory entity or government owned entity on one side and a private sector entity on the other side. See the main aim of partnership is to create public assets or to provide public services. See the public private partnership sale under the department of economic affairs under the ministry of finance provides key information and also maintains database related to triple P initiatives in India. Now let us see some of the issues in creating public assets or providing public services which requires more investment. Generally these projects will have long gestation periods that is it will take more time for the projects to be completed and to generate revenues. And these projects are mostly service oriented that is there will be very less returns or profits in terms of money. So we can tell that they are not commercially viable. So in order to make the triple P projects commercially viable the government of India has come up with a viability gap funding scheme. See this scheme provides financial support in the form of grants to infrastructure projects that are undertaken through public private partnerships in order to make the projects commercially viable. So the government will give some money and this money is administered by the ministry of finance. So the ministry of finance makes some budgetary pros and in its annual plans every year for this scheme. So this is all that you need to know about public private partnership and viability gap funding. See in our yesterday's analysis a viewer had asked about what is meant by viability gap funding and we hope that we have clarified the viewer's query. So with this background let us see the editorial. See the author has criticized the government's announcement of setting hospitals in triple P mode and the government's announcement to attach a medical college to an existing district hospital in triple P mode. See the government's argument for going triple P mode is that it has limited resources and finances so going to triple P mode would increase the number of medical seats that are available and it would also moderate the cost of medical education. Therefore we can see that it addresses both the services and education sectors in one go. Now let us see the criticism that is the author tells that allowing private parties to operate and maintain the district hospitals and providing health care services could seriously affect the public health services. See the working draft of the triple P agreement by the government indicates that the private firm that is going to provide health care services can demand, collect and appropriate hospital charges from the patients. So it is likely that the private or corporate will charge money for the health care services that they will provide in triple P mode. At present if you see that the government hospitals are providing free health care services and if the private parties start to operate and maintain the health care services then they will start charging certain amount of money for providing health care services. So this would create a scenario of free patients versus paid patients. As a result this will create a new category of paid patients. So the author tells that triple P mode could seriously affect the public health care services in the coming days if it is going to be implemented. See some states like Tamil Nadu opposing this move of the central government because Tamil Nadu has a robust public health care system across the state and there is almost a medical college in every district. So the present health care system in the state of Tamil Nadu itself is efficiently working and in the future if these projects are going to be implemented in triple P mode then the private will be motivated by the profit margins rather than the public interest. So the author tells that though the move by the government to create quality medical professionals in India is a welcome move it should not be done at the cost of destabilizing people's access to affordable public health care services because health care is one of the well-faces provided by the states. So such a move will be disastrous that is it would ruin the health care sector in the long term. So this is the criticism of the author against the decision of the government to go for triple P mode for providing health care services. Finally the author has suggested that the government must try its spending on health care. See during our first February the Hindu news analysis video we saw that the government is spending for health care is only 1.6 percent of the GDP. So from this picture you can see that the spending is consistently below 2 percent of GDP. Therefore the author suggests that the government needs to increase its spending on health care. So we can see that the author is emphasizing the fact that the government has to ensure that more resources are available to provide free and quality health care to all the citizens. But if it starts giving the private sector some control over district hospitals then the private sector will slowly dominate in providing health care services and this will reduce the role of government in the long run. This is the reason why the author has given the title as camel in the tent. This is all about the discussion of this editorial. So in this editorial we have seen the announcement made by the government in the union budget to commercialize health care services in triple P mode and how this move of the government will affect the common citizen of this country who might not able to access the health care services in the long run. So during our analysis we also discussed what is meant by public-private partnership mode and also about the concept of viability gap funding. Now let us move on to the next news article analysis. This article discusses some of the key recommendations on infrastructure financing by the government. If we analyze the budget it is clear that the priority of the government spending has been changing from low value added schemes to capital expenditure projects such as national infrastructure pipeline project which will have high multiplier effect. So in this context we shall be seeing what is national infrastructure pipeline project then the funding pattern of the project then the objectives of the pipeline project and then why infrastructure financing is the need of the hour. The syllabus relevant for the analysis of this news article is highlighted here for your reference. See creating new infrastructure and upgrading existing infrastructure will be key to rising India's competitiveness and achieving the target of five trillion dollar economy by the financial year 2024-25. See if you look at the global competitiveness index of 2019 which is released by the World Economic Forum. India is ranked at 70 out of 140 countries on infrastructure quality in global competitiveness index. It is estimated that India would need to spend about 4.5 trillion dollars on infrastructure by 2030 to sustain its growth rates. So keeping this in mind the government had targeted through the theme of economic development for all in the union budget 2020-21. So under this theme that is economic development for all the major focus is on infrastructure development and this national infrastructure pipeline project can be considered as part of this theme. Now we'll see about national infrastructure pipeline project. See a task force was constituted under the secretary of department of economic affairs in the ministry of finance in 2019 to draw up the national infrastructure pipeline project. See it is an investment plan devised by the central government for a period of five years that is from the financial year 2020 to financial year 2025. The project corpus is about 102 lakh crore rupees that is to be spent for five years. It consists of more than 6,500 projects across various sectors and this infrastructure project will include housing then world-class educational institutions then modern facility then modern railway stations then metro projects bus and railway transportations then irrigation projects and so on. See the government had announced about 102 lakh crore rupees for this infrastructure project. See this project will include all projects including the projects under construction then proposed greenfield projects then brownfield projects and also those are the conceptualization stage. Now we'll see the funding allocation so from this table you can see how much funds are allocated to some key department and ministries for various projects under NIP project that is for the financial year 1922 financial year 2024-25. Now we'll see the funding pattern of this project. See for this project the funds are allocated by the central government then state governments and also the private sector in the ratio of 39 is to 39 is to 22 that is 39 percent each is by the central government and the states then the remaining 22 percent by the private sector. So this is all about national infrastructure pipeline project. Now we'll see why we need infrastructure financing. See availability of quality infrastructure is essential to achieve broad based and inclusive growth on a sustainable basis. It will also be crucial for the success of Make in India program of our country. See this Make in India initiative depends heavily on manufacturing and the manufacturing competitiveness is critically depending on infrastructure. So investment in infrastructure is a good strategy to overcome the current economics loader. See government usually announces these kind of mega infrastructure projects in order to reactivate the economy when it is slowing down. And we all know that in in economy has been fast slowing down due to decline manufacturing activity then weakened investments and also decline in overall consumption demand. So government spending on infrastructure projects again will energize demand in other sectors. It will also lead to more fund flows to various sectors besides creating valuable assets. This in turn helps to revive the economic activities. Apart from reviving the slowing economy this project aims to improve the ease of living of every individual in the country by providing equitable access to infrastructure. So ease of living means providing equitable access from basic essential services such as safe drinking water then access to clean and affordable energy then health care to advanced infrastructure facilities such as modern railways airports then bus terminals world-class educational institutions to everyone. So this equitable access to services makes growth of the economy more inclusive and thereby improves the overall quality of life of all the citizens. So to capture the progress of quality of lives of citizens the Nithya Yog has devised ease of living index in 2018 under the Ministry of Housing and Urban FIs. Even if you look at sustainable development goals about eight goals are directly related to ease of living. So we can conclude that various infrastructure projects will boost and can also create huge employment opportunities for India's youth in construction then operation maintenance of these projects. See national skill development agency is also supporting in terms of skilling the people in infra focused employment opportunities. So to conclude this news article that is investment in infrastructure developmental projects will create employment opportunities and thereby creates domestic demand. It will also makes our economy competitive at the global level. So investment in infra projects will kickstart what your cycle of economy that is higher investments then it will be followed by growth and employment generation in the economy. With this we have come to the end of analysis of this news article. Now let us move on to the next news article analysis. This news article is related to the present status of novel coronavirus. We know that the novel coronavirus or 2019 NCOV is now reported in more than 20 countries across the world. See the syllabus relevant for the analysis of this news article is highlighted here for your reference. See 2019 NCOV is a genotic disease which means that it is spread from animals to human beings. See the virus has its origin in the market area of Wuhan in Hubei province of China. See in our 23rd January news analysis we have discussed about the virus its origin symptoms and treatment in detail in this video and you can watch this video for your better understanding. Now if you look at this news article that the Kerala state has confirmed the third case of novel coronavirus in the state. With this the NCOV outbreak has been declared as a state calamity in the state of Kerala. See the state disaster management has met the chief minister to take decisions to ensure that the outbreak is well controlled. Know that the Kerala state has a sizable presence in the Wuhan city with a number of students pursuing their undergraduate courses. So there are high chances that more number of NCOV positive cases may be reported among the returnees from the Wuhan city. So as per the news article Kerala has already placed about 2239 travelers from China and other NCOV affected countries under surveillance. Among them about 2155 or under home isolation and about 84 have been admitted to hospitals with isolation facilities. The good news is that several samples that are sent to the National Institute of Viralty for NCOV testing has been tested negative. In addition the condition of all symptomatic persons under isolation in hospitals was stable. We know that the World Health Organization has declared the coronavirus outbreak as a global health emergency as the virus had the ability to spread across the nations. So as of now more than 20 countries have confirmed the virus and more than 420 people have already died from the outbreak. See Philippines and Hong Kong have reported the coronavirus related deaths outside China. Now if you look at the news article that is the Kerala Health Department has already taken adequate preparatory measures and framed guidelines in order to contain the outbreak in the state. So the Health Department is now trying to get an estimate of the exact number of students who returned to Kerala from the Wuhan city. This will help to ensure proper surveillance as soon as they reach the airport. Even the state authorities have requested China Returnees to initiate the respective authorities. So in addition to this special control rooms to monitor the outbreak have been formed in all 14 districts of the state. Also arrangements have been made to ensure that persons with flu symptoms would be picked up in a special ambulance to the isolation facilities. The state has also decided to sit 28 days as the quarantine period for the Wuhan Returnees. See the Health Department has assigned the service of hundreds of counselors to those under quarantine and their family members. See this will help them to keep psychologically strong. So as we have mentioned before that NCOV outbreak has been declared as a state calamity. This will ensure that all districts will initiate actions to contain the outbreak. The article also says that a high level group of ministers has been constituted on the directions of prime minister to review the management of the outbreak. With this we have come to the end of analysis of this news article. Now we will see one more news article related to NCOV that is China says it urgently need protective suits and masks. See as per the latest reports the death toll in China is around 360 and China is in dire need of medical equipment, protective suits and surgical masks to deal with the outbreak. See in a single day that is about 57 new deaths have been confirmed in China and a vast majority of deaths are reported in the Wuhan city where NCOV originated. See the article says that the factories which are producing masks are not able to operate at 100 capacity therefore in order to meet the demand masks will be brought from the Europe, Japan even from America. So to meet the demand of masks countries such as South Korea, Japan, Kazakhstan, Hungary have donated medical supplies to China. See the news article says that the NCOV outbreak has become more severe than the severe acute respiratory syndrome that is SARS outbreak. See the SARS virus which had its origin in the bats have killed hundreds in China during 2002-2003. See the NCOV is more severe than SARS both in terms of fatalities and also in terms of number of people who are infected with this virus. We know that several countries have imposed travel bans on people coming from China. Several airlines have suspended or reduced the number of flights to China but despite this the NCOV virus has spread to more than 24 countries and this shows the seriousness of the issue and the need for international cooperation to tackle the outbreak. Therefore the countries with better medical facilities and resources should lend a helping hand to contain the global emergency. Meanwhile Chinese authorities have accepted their shortcomings and difficulties in the state's response to coronavirus outbreak. The Politburo Standing Committee that is the decision-making body of the Chinese Communist Party has called for improving the national emergency management system and it also called for more stringent measures to crack down on illegal wildlife markets and trade. This is significant constricting fact that the NCOV had its origin in an illegal wildlife trading market in the city of Wuhan. With this we have come to the end of analysis of these news articles. Let us start our practice question session. Now consider this question that is with respect to the formation of Europe in the Union. Here they have given three important treaties that is Treaty of Maastricht then Schengen Agreement and then Treaty of Rome and their outcomes. So to answer this question you should know about important treaties with reference to European Union. See in 1957 two important treaties were signed at Rome that is the Treaty of Rome for establishing the European Economic Community and then for establishing the European Atomic Energy Community. So we can say that the outcome of Treaty of Rome is for establishing the European Economic Community. Then in 1985 Schengen Agreement was signed by Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg and Netherlands. They agreed to gradually remove controls at their common borders and to introduce freedom of movement for all nationals of the signatory European Union states. Then again in 1990 the Schengen Convention was signed to supplement the Schengen Agreement and it lays down the arrangements and safeguards for implementing freedom of movement. So the outcome of Schengen Agreement is mainly for opening of borders. Then in 1992 the Treaty of Maastricht which is officially known as the Treaty on European Union and as a result of this treaty it established the European Union. See this treaty paved the way for the creation of a single European currency that is known as Euro. See this treaty expanded cooperation between European countries in a number of new areas that is creation of European citizenship. Then a common foreign and security policy was also established then closer cooperation between police and judiciary in criminal matters was also agreed. So we can say the outcome of Treaty of Maastricht was establishment of European Union. So to summarize these treaties the outcome of Treaty of Rome was establishment of European Economic Community then the outcome of Treaty of Maastricht was establishment of European Union and then having single European currency. Then the outcome of Schengen Agreement was opening of borders. So for this question you should choose correctly matched pace that is option A one only is the correct answer. Now consider this question with reference to vanilla islands they have given three statements and you have to choose correct statements. Statement one says that it has five islands including Seychelles, Mauritius, Maldives, Madagascar and Comoros. Then second statement says that they are situated in southwestern region of Indian Ocean. Then the third statement says they are the members of Indian Ocean Dream Association. So to answer this question you should know about vanilla islands. See these vanilla islands are group of about six islands namely Seychelles, Mauritius, Mayot, Madagascar, Comoros and then French Reunion Island. See these islands are situated in the southwestern region of Indian Ocean. See the term vanilla is used because these countries are known for export of flavoring substance vanilla. See these islands are very important because of the strategic location. See among these vanilla islands the four islands such as Seychelles, Mauritius, Madagascar and Comoros are members of African Union and also the members of Indian Ocean Commission. See Madagascar and Comoros are also the members of Indian Ocean Dream Association and also the members of International Solar Alliance. Now we can say that the given first statement is incorrect statement whereas the second statement is correct statement. Now if you look at the third statement it says that they are the members of Indian Ocean Dream Association. See this Indian Ocean Dream Association is association of about 22 nations and it is having 10 dialogue partners. Know that India is also member of this IORA. Then the other important members of this IORA are Australia, Bangladesh, Comoros, Indonesia, then Islamic Republic of Iran, then Republic of Kenya, then Republic of Madagascar, Malaysia, then Republic of Maldives, then Republic of Mauritius, then Republic of Mozambique, then Sultanate of Oman, then Republic of Seychelles, then Republic of Singapore, then Federal Republic of Somalia, then Republic of South Africa, then Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, then United Republic of Tanzania, then Kingdom of Thailand, then United Arab Emirates and Republic of Yemen. So these are members of IORA. So in total IORA that is Indian Ocean Dream Association is having 22 member countries. So from this we can say that vanilla islands such as Mayot and French reunion islands are not the members of IORA. Therefore the given thought statement is incorrect statement. So for this question you have to choose correct statements. Option B to only is the correct option. Now consider this question that is availability of quality infrastructure is a prerequisite to achieve broad based and inclusive growth of the Indian economy on a sustained basis. Then which of the following can be the reasons to provide viability gap funding by the government for creation of public assets. They have given the reasons such as high investment, then short gestation period, then less returns. For this question you have to choose correct reasons based on the course given. See this question is based on viability gap funding. See generally the creation of public infrastructure involves high investment and it also takes long gestation period that is it will take more time for the projects to be completed and also to generate revenue. Therefore the financial returns from such infrastructure projects may be less. So such projects are not commercially viable. So the government will provide some financial support to make these projects commercially viable. So from these we can tell that those projects which requires high amount of investment and also the possibility of lesser returns undertaking long gestation periods may be taken as the reasons to provide viability gap funding by the governments. So from this we can eliminate second statement that is short gestation period. Therefore for this question the correct answer is option B one and three only is the correct. Let us start our practice main questions. Now consider this question that is India is committed to achieve the sustainable development goal to ensure health and well-being for all. In the light of the above statement critically analyze the government's proposal and private public partnership agreements in health sector. See this is 10 marks question and you have to write in 150 words. Now let's take up one more practice main question that is emerging economies need to enhance their institutions and infrastructure significantly to realize their long-term growth potential. So in the light of the above statement explain why infrastructure development is crucial for the development of any nation. Also discuss the steps taken by the government to boost infrastructure financing. See this is a 15 marks question and you have to write in 250 words. So as part of practice main questions series today we are giving two practice main questions and you can post your written answers in the comment section. The posted answers will be evaluated and suitable guidance will be given in a reasonable time frame. With this we have come to the end of analysis of today's Hindu news analysis. If you like the video please do like, share, comment and subscribe Shankara IS Academy YouTube channel for more updates. Thank you.