 Good morning everyone. Steven Davis. I wear two hats but they're actually increasingly more like one hat. I work with C40 cities as city advisor to the city of Cape Town but I'm also sort of a staff member in the Sustainable Energy Markets department where a lot of where all of the sort of climate change particularly the mitigation work is is being driven from within the city. So I feel quite comfortable standing. I also used to work for IKLI on similar work a little while ago. So it feels like a sort of homely space to be in and also very you know very excited to be here. The reason I was very keen to you know participate in this besides having some interesting conversations with Paul and Harrow is that I think although they are trying to you know the urban the metabolism of cities is trying to strengthen the the the role that it that thinking can play in in sort of policy and planning I think you know for me it's a great and for our team it's a great opportunity to see how that thinking can strengthen the work that we're doing in terms of driving a very ambitious carbon carbon neutral target in this from from the city's perspective. So as Harrow mentioned you know the city has committed to a target the target is in line with what C40 is promoting it's carbon neutrality for all of its cities by 2050 and that goes alongside with it's is complemented by SA buildings program and Leslie here is championing that that particular piece of work which is aiming for carbon neutral new build by 2030 and the city is also aiming for you know city what you know carbon neutrality in all buildings by 2050 as well. We're not doing this alone it's the other three major metros in South Africa or also C40 cities and also signed up to this program which is called Deadline 2020 the 80 cities worldwide that have also committed to this target and C40 is is working to support cities to to drive towards those targets. Yeah so for this audience I don't even think it's worth saying well why are we going for for carbon neutrality but we are seeing that you know the idea of carbon neutrality is actually not really about about carbon at all and although I don't know if there's any actual proof that you know carbon neutrality will produce that kind of city I think intuitively most people feel that that it is and we are also part of our role is is to try and sort of strengthen the evidence base that showing if we lower carbon if reduced it to zero we are creating a more equitable city a more inclusive city a more sustainable city and a more livable and safe city. Okay why cities well you know a lot of a lot of emissions happens in cities and it's and it's increasing. In some ways city-wide carbon neutrality so we have we have challenges defining what that means and you know people always asking what does that mean to be carbon neutral as a city so it's not just the city operations it's the whole city so everything that happens in the city with regards to mobility with regards to energy we consume in buildings with regards to our waste production has a has a carbon impact and the aim is that by 2050 the net zero emissions from all of that if you take into account some minor carbon sinks from you know sort of natural areas and biodiverse areas and maybe a little bit of offsets that we reach actually net net zero but in some ways like focusing only on a city is a little bit artificial because the city interacts with the surrounding areas and this trans boundary issues however there's real value in focusing on driving change at the city level from because the city can is much more in contact with what its citizens needs are it is a strong force for planning in the local the local area and it drives policy it produces plans so who better to to drive the change than and then the city that doesn't mean we necessarily as a city have to do it all but we need to create the right environment for that that shift to happen okay so how are we doing this well by signing up to the deadline 2020 program a lot of research went into what it would take for the major cities in the world to to avoid this 1.5 degrees now that Harold was just talking about an IPCC report and that means that you know essentially carbon neutrality for all the all the major cities by 2050 and so the city has committed at a political level to that there was some research that went into well what do you focus on if you want to do that and a major part of it well so that comes from a report called focused acceleration which McKinsey put together and they said they did a whole bunch of research looking at different city types there were I think six city topologies and that they looked at and this shows more or less the the where those emission reductions will come from so 60% is from energy consumption you know more efficient more efficient energy use but also cleaning up the energy supply and those bars show the ranges for the different topologies for some cities they have to work more on that for some cities have to work less on that depending you know so for South African cities we're quite carbon dependent because of our electricity supply so for that we we actually have an opportunity to reduce emissions you know at the big opportunity to reduce emissions by cleaning up the energy supply the 30% of those reductions will come from what we do about mobility and the the terminology there is moving to next generation mobility which is either you know better planning of the city so people don't need to travel as much that's the spatial planning work that in the city is doing has some good work going on in that space it's about improving public transport about making non-motorized transport opportunities more more accessible and safer and and you know more appealing and then whatever's left that we have to do by motorized transport that it needs to be cleaner fuels so either you know sort of electric vehicles or yeah sort of clean fuel vehicles and Mary and also in our team also has is working on the sort of framework for for that in the city as well like electric vehicles particularly and then the last 10% is the waste management that's about where 10% of the reductions can come from that includes waste water as well okay the cities you know I work for C40 I think the city's been doing climate change work a lot longer than C40's even been around and in 2015 there was a sustainable energy and climate action plan and the energy 2040 goals which made some commitments but that was before you know most of the world woke up and realized that actually you know we need to be very ambitious you know and they were still at that point a view that developing countries cities still need to develop and there's still space for us to you know increase our emissions as long as we start working to reduce them that's that's very quickly in the last few years has turned out to no longer be sufficient so where we were headed which you know with all of the sort of measures and actions that were were put in the plan or that that were that come up within in 2015 the sort of bottom green orange dotted line there we now need to sort of radically reduce that so we're looking now at you know how to do that and where we started was internally we had a workshop that where we kicked off this program internally in the city and that happened last year in October I think November and what we did there is we got all of senior people in the city together and we said well let's create a vision firstly for what is this what is a carbon neutral city or what is a carbon neutral Cape Town actually look like and this is an infographic which basically shows you know everything that that we needed to do and and also in an appealing way so it was quite challenging because we had to have conversations about well you know what sort of neighborhoods do you live in conversations about how integrated is our society you know compared to how it is now so it's conversation not always comfortable but I think everyone's kind of aware of what our challenges are and how the future of our city you know being consistent with a carbon neutral vision is actually just a better city so we found we felt very positive after this workshop because people were not saying to us oh why are you still focusing on carbon everyone was just saying well okay how you know to show us you know help us out here how are we going to get there really mentioned this in the focus acceleration but it just explains again what you know what what what we're going to be focusing on the development of our action plan and I've already mentioned the system boundary issues you know why we we are adopting a city-wide focus because of course the city has control over a certain amount of things that can influence other things and it has broader concern about other things so you know we we are having a lot of conversations with our colleagues in the city about well what what can we directly influence and control through policy and through the infrastructure that we build but then what role can we play in advocacy and you know what are some of the sort of broader things that are maybe further away from control things like what residents consume and the products that they consume and where those products come from which we have possibly you know less less influence or control over but still a concern because it affects you know I guess the metabolism of our city a lot of the work that we are also sort of focusing on is how do we we mainstream the target within the city so considering spatial planning considering land use the city's catalytic sites and sorry the it's not so visible on there but transport planning and operations and all of this there's a whole bunch of steps that need to happen in order for this to be absorbed into the city so it's not just always an additional thing something that the environmental you know in the climate change people are working on but actually it's it affects every decision that's made about new projects about strategies about plans and you are very happy that our strategic policy unit colleagues are also in the room today because we also working with with them and you are pulling in the same direction when it comes to when it comes to succeeding with this work we're not doing this alone and increasingly we're going to be reaching out more and more to the citizens and to business and to NGOs and the research institutions and we also have the support of people like this groups like sustainable energy Africa and see 40 through all of the the various networks and it's really great to be in this program with the other major metros because there's some changes that you know we say well only if national government implements x y z policy we are together for the four metros we are actually able to advocate together so if the four metros are all sort of committed to the same thing we feel that actually puts a lot of pressure on our sort of local our provincial governments but also our national government to kind of to get on board with that so we I mean these targets are much more ambitious and what's what's currently in the national plans and what the what the end the nationally determined contributions are from the South African government but we also saying that it's not just because of the carbon but it's because it's actually going to be better for for our cities develop development if we commit to such targets okay I thought I'd give a bit of a sense of what from a carbon and perspective what whether picture currently looks like because this sort of leads into the the metabolism conversation quite directly so most of our emissions come from our energy consumption and the electricity we use even though a lot of it is not produced locally none of the electricity emissions really happen locally it's all imported so from elsewhere in the country but nonetheless our carbon footprint is largely because of the the electricity we use in our commercial sector and our residential sector about 30 percent of it of the emissions is from transport and yeah then the rest from local government agriculture and the trend over the past few years so this is an assessment that's done there's not you know it's not perfect data but you know it's it's it's it's pretty good and we would say you know that this this view that the emissions have stabilized over the last few years is probably a fair reflection and yeah we keep we monitor our emissions we do an annual update and we'll do a deep deep update every five years to better understand our energy and carbon picture so the most recent detailed state of energy report that we did was for was in 2015 but it was based on 2012 data and that shows and these graphs show where the where the emissions come from but there you can see in the top left you know if you look at it from an energy perspective it's quite different from a carbon perspective and that's because of the the dirty energy but you know a lot of our energy consumption is still from in the transport sector so that and that's largely driven by the fact that we have you know this huge energy consumption from the private vehicles in our city even though a lot of most people are still using some kind of public transport um yeah and then also when you start so a lot of the one of the requirements of the action plan is that it's got to be inclusive you know it's not just yeah it's got to be something that addresses inequality and unemployment and equity you know equity within the city and when you look at the the energy consumption picture down below you can see you know that most of the energy that that's consumed is actually by by the high income and so there's a you know while you want to reduce the emissions there you also we also aware that there's a lot of people living at energy poverty and so how do you address both at the same time and drive your emissions down and those are the kinds of we developing projects and initiatives which are aimed at addressing both so that's one way of looking at at carbon and emissions but increasingly cities are needing to look at their consumption based footprints as well and consumption the consumption based emissions is is a different way of looking at emissions and it looks at you know how much you're importing and exporting as well so and and this is increasingly relevant in in the developed countries because cities like paris they've actually included consumption based emissions in their plans because they recognize that you know consumption was always this elephant in the room you know you can clean up your your energy system and you can recycle everything and you can have a circular sort of economy in through many lenses but if you are you know importing a lot of products from the developed world you basically just exporting your emissions so you need to also consider what you know try and localize your production more and more and also you know not just believe that you can you know just drive drive the economy up by by having more people consume more things so yeah and I just I didn't want to sort of spend too much time on this we didn't do this the work was done by C40 it's also based on very sort of broad assumptions it's quite difficult to get the data to do a very detailed consumption based emissions inventory but you can see there like electricity features but you know yeah of course the meat you know meat consumption is a big contributor as well and that's why you know we see more and more people say well we actually just need to eat less meat and that would make a huge impact on our overall carbon footprint if you look at consumption based emissions this is for 2012 it's about 30 million tons of CO2 whereas the the sector-based emissions was around 22 so that means that we're actually sort of a net a net importer of emissions if you look at the whole sort of consumption if you include consumption as well and I'm sorry you can't see the the details there but yeah also don't know how much more how are we doing for time five minutes okay all right so I won't I mean I can show you some more details of that for people who are interested but where we are at the moment so we are doing we have an emissions model and we are looking at where can the required emissions reductions come from and what are the sort of policies and measures that we can put in place taking into account what's happening at the national level so where we were headed is the sort of top line okay if we just did nothing business as usual we just our emissions would just keep going up until 2050 if you include what's happening at a national level so the new integrated resource plan which lays out what our electricity mix is going to look like towards 2050 then already our job is made a bit easier because we know the government is committed to having more renewables and less coal still not as ambitious as it could be and I guess there's political reasons why they can't just say no more coal and and also social reasons but yeah we think that that you know we have a good chance of of that actually turning out to be quite different with various pressures and we also can see that there's still some gains to be made from private building energy efficiency from our own from generating our own electricity within the city boundary so all of those colored bars show if we just implement successfully all of our existing policies and and plans and everything that's currently on the table then we actually will see a slight reduction by 2050 but that's obviously still a big gap so from the bottom of the green line to the bottom there that's where we need to that's the conversation we're having now it's like what else what else can be done what else can we drive so and now I'm just going to quickly run through so what does this look like in reality so the city has a lot of projects that are already sort of guiding us in the direction we want to go and I'm just going to use pictures just to to illustrate you know so bottom there you can see that the sort of spatial planning stuff but also all the the city operations you know and and what we're doing with with PV on on some of our own buildings and what some private sector buildings are doing you know by implementing their own embedded generation there's a court case that we have currently underway to try and allow the city to procure its own energy from independent power producers because the regulations don't currently allow for that we have you know campaigns to promote rooftop solar and energy efficiency and then previous communication campaigns that you might be familiar with so this is historic but we're going to be looking at this looking at a new new communication campaign starting quite soon we have the energy water and waste forum where we reach out we convene facilitate a gathering very various private sector entities to come together and share their experiences on improving energy efficiency and and increasing renewables but also looking at water and waste highlighting some of the economic benefits of some of the climate action so this is a solar water heater example which you know is often nice to illustrate that if you you know you promote solar water heating take take up you you're not you're keeping money in the local economy you're creating jobs you are saving electricity and you are putting money back in people's pockets you have development criteria so trying to ensure that you know new developments you know are energy as energy efficient in possible both in the operation and in their in their embedded emissions in the building materials for low-income houses ceilings and solar water heaters so there's some projects that we have going on there and yeah other examples of you know trying to have small businesses and others supporting energy efficiency projects and renewable energy and improving energy security at the same time the city special development framework basically instead of having the the sprawling you know the sort of default urban sprawl development is now going to be concentrated for this on this inward growth and densified mixed use and there's that that blue turtle which where the growth concentration is meant to happen and along also along the corridors so this is a way of avoiding having people have to travel so far to get to to economic opportunities housing specifications you know if houses are well located and compact and then of course public transport of course the major thing that we need to sort out is our rail system it's the backbone of transportation and there are some efforts underway and you might have seen in the media you know what we're trying to do to get get the rail system working well again non-motorized transport and then some of the waste products projects the organic to landfill project is happening obviously we need to need to do we can do a lot more there as well and then of course leading by example so everything that the city is is doing in its own operations is trying to set an example of what what others can do so I rushed through those last few a bit but if anyone's got any more questions I or my colleagues I can also answer specific questions about the projects