 The next speaker, she will talk about open science and education and how important this is for the sustainable life and the solution for this, as Ryan also said, is collaboration and communications and especially in this area, you work with the agriculture sector and so our next speaker is not only a professor in physical geography, she's also Deputy Vice Chancellor at the Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences. Let us make her feel welcome. Karin Holmgren, welcome to the stage. Thank you, Rika. Hello and good afternoon everyone in the hall and those of you who might sit somewhere else in the world listening to this. Societies around the world are facing social, economic and environmental challenges so complex that we need completely new approaches to meet them. No individual can tackle these challenges alone. We must act together to find solutions. In the globalized world of today and tomorrow, we must depend on each other. Development that is sustainable for all people, animals and plants on our planet requires a transition from a fossil-based society and the linear economy to a bio-based society with a circular economy. We have to meet the Paris Agreement and reduce our greenhouse gas emissions to stop global temperatures from rising. We have to meet the United Nations 17 and indivisible goals, sustainable development goals to transform our world to one with more sustainable development. Human induced changes to the climate and environment and the growing global population plays huge demands on how we manage our land and water. The strain on our green and blue natural resources is bigger than ever before. Climate change will have direct physical effects for example due to increased or decreased rainfall, stronger weather extremes and rising sea levels. Measures to mitigate the effects include the appropriation of land for new uses beneficial for some but likely to increase the vulnerability of others. The production of biofuels competes with the production of food and may affect the resilience of valuable ecosystems. The need to both produce and preserve is not an equation that is easily solved. We know fairly well what we have to do to contribute to sustainable development but the road is still not an easy one. The choices we have to make are many and often difficult. The drivers of change are multiple and interlinked and the effects of social and ecological and cultural systems are complex and often unexpected. Change is not inherently good or bad, instead it has to be negotiated in relation to different social needs where the ecological sustainability also has to be accounted for. There will be conflicts between different objectives and trade-offs will be necessary. These complex issues so-called WICT problems are increasingly emerging as the threat of global warming and they call for rapid action as the amount of land claimed for the production of energy, food and other goods are increasing. I represent the Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences, SLU. Our research and teaching are centered around our biological resources on land and in water and how we can use them in a sustainable manner. That means that all the STDs are at our core. We need to develop sustainable and bio-based products to replace those based on coal and oil. Forest and agricultural land, pastures and natural land, parks and peer-urban environments, lakes and seas, they all need to deliver sustainably produced food and other goods. We need to develop production systems and create technological solutions to bind carbon. And we need to preserve biodiversity and cultural diversity. Thank you to leave to remember us about that. And promote the development of healthy cities and rural areas for people, animals and plants. Science-based knowledge, analytical skills, a critical approach and an open creative mind are needed to turn future challenges into opportunities. The importance of sharing knowledge in order to meet the STDs cannot be underestimated as also so well expressed by Ryan. I also believe that it is important that universities are where people come looking for knowledge on social media, wiki media and so on. The issue of open science has been discussed a lot lately. It is a broad term that includes open access to scientific publications and research data. If research findings are published more openly, they will of course become more useful to society. Let me give you some concrete examples of the value of sharing knowledge. Compared to other Swedish universities, SLU has a unique assignment to conduct environmental monitoring and assessment of our green and blue ecosystems. And to publish this as open data. This data makes up to date knowledge on issues related to sustainable development available to decision makers and the general public. These activities also include environmental monitoring based on volunteering so-called citizen science. One of our flagship is the species observation system. It is an open system for searching and recording sightings of plants and animals. Once sighting is recorded by a user, it becomes fully available and visible to all other users. The intention behind this is to stimulate interest in biodiversity among the general public and to increase public understanding on conservation measures. But at the same time it is making efforts relating to sustainable management of our biological resources much more efficient. To date, this system contains over 50 million species observations and has received over 20,000 reported observations in a single day. These are impressive numbers and they mean that the material together with comprehensive environmental monitoring and assessment is A good use for scientifically sound statistical analysis. An important source of information for decision support on necessary conservation measures. And a true service to the general public that allows it to both participate in providing knowledge as well as gain knowledge and advice on how we should be using natural resources to create the least negative environmental impact. En andra exempel kommer till education. Jag ska tala om så-called MOOCs, massive online open courses. So-called MOOCs are free online courses available to everyone. More and more universities are offering them. My university was a slow starter in this respect. When I was first introduced to this concept a couple of years ago, I didn't see the point. Those types of courses wouldn't give us any proceeds, no income. But now, as I have followed the initial results of our first MOOC, which is entitled Effective livestock production with low use of antibiotics, I realize what an amazing concept it is. A digital, openly available university course is an excellent way of spreading scientifically based knowledge and contributing to lifelong learning. What I especially appreciate about our MOOC is that it focuses on antibiotic issues connected to low income countries, places where veterinarians and animal owners often cannot pay for courses and continuing professional development. And in regard to SLU, MOOC naturally contributes to broadening the knowledge of our university. Third example refers to international research networks. Agriculture plays a vital role in food security, poverty reduction and sustainable development. The agriculture sector is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. It faces significant challenges in meeting a dramatic increase in global food demand while also meeting the need to reduce its contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. As was highlighted in the IPCC latest report released just a few days ago. Global research networks are important for developing and sharing knowledge and SLU is engaged in many such initiatives. I will here just mention one. Agriculture for food security is a research network that aims for sustainable intensification of agriculture for increased food production on existing agricultural land. In the program researchers from target countries in Sweden collaborate and build capacity to synthesize and co-create scientific data and research findings in dialogue with stakeholders. My final example is about an international partnership initiated by my former employer Stockholm University here and which I was deeply involved in for many years. This partnership called Navarino Environmental Observatory is a partnership between Stockholm University, the Academy of Athens and the private sector through the company Temes, Equatorious company Temes in Messinia and Greece. The mission of NEO is to be a source of inspiration, a leader in groundbreaking research and education and a point of reference for policy, strategy and management on the climate and environment in the Mediterranean region. NEO has become an international hub for frontline research and education across disciplines and a forum for science policy practice, dialogue and exchange of experiences, ideas and knowledge by engaging stakeholders. I have now mentioned a few examples of how, with a strategy for openness, the academic community, the private sector and civil society can work together to encourage sustainability and solutions to environmental challenges and those Building capacity and sharing knowledge between countries and organizations is an important way of strengthening international links and increasing cooperation and collaboration. Transformation towards more open science, open data and open education is needed to support this. To succeed, there are obstacles to overcome. According to the Open Access 2020 Global Initiative to Propel Open Access Forward, most of the world's academic output is still locked behind paywalls hindring the full impacts of research findings. One obstacle is the current academic merit system, which often is based on a journal's prestige, which so far does not include open access journals. And collaboration with society is still not highly merited in many academic systems. These obstacles must be overcome and can be overcome. We live in a time where knowledge is produced, transmitted and acquired in different ways from before. The world is increasingly digitalized. This means new challenges for universities when it comes to the content, design and communication of our research and our educational programs. In addition to the necessary theoretical and practical subject knowledge, it is also about researching and teaching transdisciplinarity and not least about enhancing our students ability to think critically, be creative and handle complex issues. As the Swedish researcher loves Denmark so well express it. Building and knowledge are needed to be able to nuance, to be able to reflect and based on that, maneuver into new territories. To live with ambivalence, to harbor opposite perspectives, to confront complexities, to see things from one side and from the other. To find arguments both for and against. Science-based knowledge, analytical skills and open creative mind are also needed to understand and respond to worrisome issues in the world, such as radical political course changes and the growth of populism, an increasing number of terrorist attacks in the world. The sometimes problematic tone of conversation and the spreading of alternative facts on social media. The universities can contribute to breaking these trends by participating in discussions and dialogue in open media. Be where people are and highlighting portals of science-based knowledge and proven experience. However, we also need to convey acceptance and respect for the fact that there are not always absolute facts to help us make easy choices. Nevertheless, by stronger participation by scientists in open media, we can hopeful bridge barriers between academia and society, strengthen our ability to discuss, evaluate and understand complex issues based on both knowledge and basic democratic values, such as objectivity, factuality, equal treatment, freedom of opinion and respect. Instead of being hindred by various perceived barriers, we should take advantage of and use the diverse expertise we have from within the academia as well as between academia, stakeholders and the general public to explore how we together can generate new knowledge. Trends-discipliner research, open discussions and dialogues are needed to advance our understanding of the complex causes behind ecological and social dynamics. Such an understanding can provide vital links in the chain that can build sustainable development at local, regional and global levels. Thank you. Thank you. We would also like to hand over our appreciation, a donation made in your name to the UNDP. Thank you very much. Thank you so much.