 Pun puppy in the course of leadership, Emperor, intelligence and CN making. This is module 2 and we are going to talk about the espacio theories of leadership. When, we talk about the traits. So, you have a mans, jinn khususihat ko ham jama Karma ke konsekta hai. तुट्रिट तेरीज आर अक्सक्फादनी बी आर उंगा दीछ थी बादे Ghoshiaad desi mhe bhi hoon gi... वो लिईश किसी नहीं होंगी वो था एक वोल्वर के ला सकता है तुट्रेजव के धागा थी है। तो the traits can be extra-version, they can be conscientiousness, the traits can be related to the openness aspects or the traits can be related to the emotional intelligence which actually qualifies a leader to become a leader because in the modern context emotional intelligence is taken up as more important as compared to intelligence quotient. तो the importance of emotional intelligence is associated with the leader in terms of the traits. अब the traits that we had to face in the trade theories, the number one is that no universal trait found that predict leadership in all situations. अमें कोई असी universal trait ना मेली जोके हर situation में हर leader के अंदर मुजुद हो, because in different situations leaders behaved differently, उनके त्रेट सेट सेट सेट सेट सेट, second aspect related to the trait theories was that unclear cause and effect relationship of leadership and traits. बाज अगा थ हम राप्ता काईम नहीं कर सके, के एक लिटर के पास कोंसी ट्रेट होगी, तो वो किस situation में कैसे बहेव करेगा? इस बजा से जब राप्ता मुमकी नहो सका, जब cause and effect relationship establish नहो सका, to the traits were becoming actually weak to define that who is a leader and who is not actually a leader. The third aspect is that traits were taken up as better predictor of the appearance of leadership than distinguishing effective leaders from ineffective leaders. So, the traits were told to us that how the leader will look, how his personality will be, how his outlook will be, how his appearance will be. But those traits were not defined as which one of them will be the effective leader and which one will be the ineffective leader. So, if we take the trait approach one step further, then the traits example as I have presented with you, number one they can be extra virgin aspects, in which your personality is very outgoing and extrovert, it can be conscientiousness, in which you talk to logic and reasoning on every decision made by Shauri Sata, that can be openness to experience and obviously there are so many other traits that can be counted. But when we mentioned these traits, it was taken up as that leaders are born. These traits are the inborn qualities of leaders and till the time a leader has these traits, someone cannot develop him or herself to become a leader. Now, the goal that we have in the aspect of trait theories that was because these are inborn traits, now we have to select the leaders because they are selective people, they are chosen people, they are born with the particular traits. Now, we have to select them so that they can guide us in situations and develop them. But, the problem which we encountered with related to the trait theories, it was number one, traits do not generalize across situations. For every situation, we could not get such traits which we can generalize, which we can call universal. As a result, we could not develop such a set of traits in which we could calculate or differentiate the effectiveness of the leader and ineffectiveness of the leader. And the second problem was related to this trait theory, that better at predicting leader emergence than leader effectiveness. When a leader develops himself, then for development, he needs which characteristics, which traits he needs. We have decided this under the traits, but we cannot decide whether the effectiveness of the leader in every situation, in every organizational setup, will be present in the same context or not. So, the relationship of effectiveness could not be appropriately established with the traits. If we conclude everything, then traits define a leader till the time of his appearance. Traits define a leader under his emergence perspective. But traits cannot be generalized in every situation or universal.