 Hello everyone and welcome to today's IED debates event. So today we are going to be discussing COP26 and the outcomes and where we go from here. We've got a fantastic panel lined up. They'll be introduced shortly. I am certainly very excited to hear their insights and perspectives on COP26. So with that, I am really delighted to hand over to Andrew Norton, who is the director of IED and our moderator for today's discussion. Andy, over to you please. Thanks so much Juliette and it's really exciting to be here with this really great panel who I will introduce in a moment. Yeah, I'm director of IED and it's my great pleasure to be moderating this event. So warm welcome to you all. It's wonderful to see so many of you here and wanting to be part of the discussion. As Juliette was saying, please do use the chat to introduce yourself. But if you have any specific questions to pick up in the second half of the discussion, please put them in the Q&A panel. So it's not far off a couple of weeks now since COP26 wrapped up. And I hope those of you who are there have had the chance to recover, to catch your breath and to reflect a little on what was an extraordinary event with an extraordinary run up as well. The world is dealing with multiple crises. The climate crisis, a crisis of unprecedented biodiversity loss on a global scale, rising inequalities and this last one very much exacerbated and driven in all kinds of new ways by the global COVID-19 pandemic over the last couple of years. And the way we see it strong and urgent action is needed to address these interconnected crises and this has been an important year to step up and the decisions taken by leaders during the coming year as well will be vitally important. There's a huge to-do list coming out of COP26 for COP27 in terms of climate negotiations and other aspects of climate action that will shape this critical next decade on climate nature and development. So COP26 was a major milestone and while there's no doubt that in some areas we move forward, many are asking if it went far enough and there are many areas we'll be exploring where follow-up action over the next year will really be needed in order to deliver on the areas where progress was made and the promise of Glasgow. There were also a huge range of outcomes outside of the formal negotiations themselves that probably won't be a particular focus of this discussion, things like the Glasgow Declaration on Forest and Land Use that aims to direct almost $20 billion to halt and reverse forest loss and land degradation by 2030. That could be a big step forward if it's delivered on. Also worth mentioning the Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities Forest Tenure Joint Donut Statement that promises $1.7 billion to advance land tenure and resource tenure rights for Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities. Again, that could be a really significant development if it's delivered on. But I counted on the COP Presidency website some 30 outcome declarations which were kind of off to the side or separate from the main business and negotiations. So there's much as yet that we need to find out about what that really means and how it will roll forward. And we need to make sure, of course, that promises are kept and that they represent important developments in the journey towards strong climate action. We saw the progress made at Glasgow, but it is fragile. And from this point on, the momentum really needs to build. Today, our discussion will focus on the outcomes of the negotiations, as I was saying, the level of ambition played to what extent the outcomes respond to priorities of the 46 least developed countries, the LDCs. We will look at where we go from here and what the road to COP 27 should look like. And that's what our fantastic panel of speakers are here to discuss. So let me introduce them again quickly. Mamadou Honadier is Water and Forestry Conservator in Burkina Faso's Environment Ministry and the former UNF triple C head of delegation for Burkina Faso. Mamadou, we're delighted to have you here with us and speaking to us from what I did do. That's brilliant. We have delighted to welcome Tara Shine, who's a very experienced policy advisor and climate negotiator, director and co-founder of the Social Enterprise Change by Degrees and chair, I'm very honoured to have her as chair of the Board of Trustees for IAED. Tara, you're very welcome. It's brilliant to have you with us. And our third panelist is Madeleine Doussard, who is head of the Climate Change Division in the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development of Senegal and is also the incoming chair of the LDC negotiating group in the climate negotiations. It's wonderful to have you with us, Madeleine. So, we'll now move to the panel discussion. We'll take 20 to 25 minutes over this and then we'll have some time for taking questions from the audience and we'll be monitoring the Q&A for that in particular. So, let me start by asking our three panelists for a very brief, one-minute reflection on the COP outcomes. How did it work for you? What did you see as the most important things that came out of Glasgow? Madeleine, can I start with you? Hello, yes. Thank you. Thank you, IAED, for organising these important events coming from COP26. Just to have a global view on where we come from. I'll come from COP26. Just to say that, yes, I think there was some a step that was being finalised here in Glasgow. And I think the issue related to the transparency, the issue related to the rule regarding the Article 6 under the Pariet agreement and also the issue regarding starting working on the adaptation goal to also considering loss and damage in more context. We have touched on the issue relating to finance, in particular adaptation, finance. So, I think there was some key important milestone that was being successfully completed in Glasgow. So, I think this was something good. And also there was, and I have to work on the coming years. And also regarding the loss and damage in the last few years, and also regarding the loss. Thank you very much, Madeleine. You're breaking up a bit. So, I'm going to move at this point to Tara. And I'll come back to you in a moment. Many, many thanks for those introductory thoughts. Tara, what would be your brief reflection on the Glasgow outcome? Oh, you think we would know that by now? It's so annoying. Thank you, Andy. Lovely to be with you all this morning. I'm so happy to hear your reflections, Madeleine. So, yeah, I think for me, not enough, but signs of hope would be my summary. So, I guess we, I know that these multilateral processes move slowly. That's because we're trying to get agreement. You know, any international law amongst 190 plus countries. So, it is always inevitably slow. But signs of hope, I think, and particularly in the fact that we will have countries coming back with new NDCs in 2022, trying to keep this political momentum to drive those, the level of national commitments closer to our 1.5 degree target. And I think there's a greater acceptance amongst the parties now that 1.5 is the only safe temperature goal and that we need to do so much more together to get there. So, yeah, signs of hope, absolutely. Thank you so much, Tara. Mamadou, can I come to you now for a quick overview reflection? What do you think was achieved, was not achieved at Glasgow? Andrew, I thank you very much. First of all, let me congratulate the UK. In this context of COVID-19, let's say it was really a challenge for UK in trying to organize such big events. So, on the organization matters, let's say, we can say it's a success. At the beginning, we were all suspicious. I personally complained at the beginning, at the entrance inside the conference premises, really it was very difficult. So, at the end, let's say, I have a positive assessment of COP26. First, because we have succeeded in completing the Paris Rule Book. It's a conference we cannot satisfy all parties. So, on Article 6, we are not satisfied, but we can take it. So, now we have a Paris Rule Book. That's a very good milestone in the UNFCCC processes. On finance matters, let's say we are also OK at 70-80%. This is my assessment. It's very good for us. On adaptation as well. We are in a process where let's continue talking. So, generally speaking, let's say it's a success. Thank you very much. Glass half full. Thank you very much indeed, Mamadou. Thanks to all three of you for those reflections. Tara, the Glasgow conference was touted as the last chance to keep 1.5 alive. I think that's a phrase we've heard before, but it was touted as the last chance to keep 1.5 alive. Recent reports sort of aggregating everything we know about pledges as against emissions, as against temperature in terms of the science, emphasise the urgent need to raise national plans and national ambitions to keep that target within reach. What did you make of the Glasgow outcome in relation to 1.5? Where do we actually stand? Thanks, Andy. I think this is important. This understanding of 1.5, what that means versus say a two-degree goal and what steps do we need to take? There is also part of this structured expert dialogue that I co-facilitate in the climate change negotiations. It informs the second periodic review of progress towards the long-term global goal under the convention. So basically, what more do we understand and are we using that understanding to make progress towards the goals of the convention and the Paris Agreement? And I think what I get is... So I was a bit annoyed with this last chance to keep 1.5 degrees alive because I think that was never the job of just one cop. That is a job which involves all of us and every government around the country. So the international process sets the direction of travel. It sets the rules and norms by which we will work together as a global community to combat climate change. But the action still happens at the national level. And that's where each government holds that responsibility. And we as citizens have responsibility to hold our governments to account. But I think what a very positive thing out of cop and this is in the language of the political decision for the cop and for the conference of the meetings, the parties, is this recognition that 1.5 is the safer option and that therefore that is the imperative that we're working towards. So this has become much more universal language than previously. So that's a good sign. I think a lot of the pledges that were made, the political pledges that were made in the margins of the cop, really help us to get closer. Not closer enough, as you said, Andy. Maybe we started off before the cop at 2.7 degrees. That's what the commitment's added up to. Now it's down to maybe 2.4. But that's contingent on all of those commitments being delivered. So being implemented and funded at the country level in all of these countries. And I think we also, at that political level with those decisions, there are so many of them that it makes it hard to track. And some of them I found hard to understand who's in which one, what's the baseline. So I think tracking those, once we have improved the transparency and accountability within the formal process, that was a big step forward, as Madeline said. We also need to ensure that we can track these political commitments. Because in the end of the day, the only thing that matters is absolute reductions in the greenhouse gases. And that happens within every country. So yeah, again, it's positive, but we just need to keep the momentum and keep doing more. Every year we waste, we make it harder. So it is about stepping up year on year, month on month. Thank you so much, Tara. Madeline, can I ask you a quick follow-up on that? Perhaps if you leave your camera off, maybe the volume will work better, the sound will work better. So perhaps you can do that. A key part of the notion at the end of the conference that 1.5 had been kept somehow within reach, although it's a huge challenge and a huge stretch, was to ask countries to come back at COP 27 in Charmel Shake in 2022 with new plans, new NDCs in line with the 1.5-degree pathways. Now, given that not all countries increased their ambition, either within their resubmitted NDCs and some did not actually submit NDCs for COP 26, how hopeful are you that that will work? The countries will come back with a significantly raised level of commitment on the key issue of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, particularly over the next decade. Madeline. Thank you, Andrew, and so thank you, Tara. Please comment. I'm positive. I think the world is really looking at what's coming from the climate change action and where we're moving on. So I think this is something that we have to really approve and look for moving it forward. I also think that there is a necessity to build ambition everywhere and to show concrete action with impact on climate change but also impact on country's socio-economic profile. This is important. We have to show that it is working is something that doing some climate change action is key and is also profitable to all of us. So this is something we have to build and to increase through the ambition. I also think that the necessity to work with a partner and I think we have to bring the business people on board to increase and disseminate around the world the best solution. All this has to be done not only in some country but it has to be implemented in all the parties in the world in particular vulnerable countries, LDCs who are also part of the solution and we have to really find a way where we can bring government, a private sector society together for this ambition. And I do think that communication is key showing around the world what is working showing the benefit coming from the solution showing the stories is important and even if there are some lessons coming from some failure stories we have to build on that and I think this is something we have to be more aggressive for communication. Finance is important and we have to be sure that this place will be concrete and will happen on the fields so this is something we are looking for and I think the communication will help us to be more concrete in the coming years. Thank you very much indeed Madeleine and the emphasis on just transition and climate justice in the action going forward Mamadou, can I turn to you now I think one of the things that kind of hung over COP26 was the unfulfilled pledge by donor countries, OECD countries to deliver 100 billion dollars of climate finance per year by 2020 that was not hit in 2020 will not be hit in 2021 the target is actually 2023 so it's lagging quite a long way behind what progress was made do you think in relation to climate finance at Glasgow, not just on the 100 billion but also the question of adaptation finance and the gap between adaptation and mitigation and issues such as grants versus loans, Mamadou. Andrea thank you very much the success of Glasgow in financial matters on around 16 to 19 sub items related to finance let's say we haven't been able to complete one which is related to provision for technical and financial support why because we haven't given sufficient guidance to Jeff in order to help all developing countries because what we realized some countries like Palestine like Iran and now didn't get any support from Jeff in order to undertake the enabling activities mainly national communications BURs and other documents that needs to be provided by national circumstances, national countries so apart from that we have approved we have adopted all the rest of the decisions related to finance but now the problem is the contents items that are related to report from Jeff, report from GCF from the adaptation funds both decisions were adopted very quickly. So now coming to the long-term finance and the new collective quantified goal where the two major items that retains the attention of the international community and you will realize that during the last two days of the COP many consultations were held related to these two specific agenda items. They are very important I was a bit disappointed by our negotiating partners when it comes to take a decision on how we can move forward when we listen from some annex one party saying that they will wish to have only workshops to discuss on what would be the next collective quantifiable really it's disappointed they haven't fulfilled the first target for 2020 so you have a responsibility somewhere so now going to 2025 you would like a workshop to deal with such kind of issues fortnately we succeed in having a work program with some workshops but with also some other means on how the international community will talk together and being able to assess what developed countries will be able to provide by 2025 Secondly is the matter of the gap between 2020 and 2023 there is a gap which is not filled this is really an important problem for us first they haven't fulfilled in 2020 we are going into 2025 and there is another gap between 2020 and 2023 no decision from Glasgow deals with such kind of shortcomings so we will continue to talk to each other in order to be able to to take concrete decisions maybe in Egypt in Shermanshire on the other aspects let's say on adaptation we have a good signal the decisions are quite good we have to keep the momentum so the international community must know actually that adaptation is our priority and we got a very good signal from some parties starting by UK Ireland and other parties that would like really to invest on finance for adaptation so I'm a bit positive but what I would maybe recommend is to set up maybe a parallel process where developed countries that are really interested in assisting developing countries for adaptation would find a platform for them to assist developing countries as far as adaptation is concerned so I would not like not to be so long on this we can say broadly that we are satisfied at 70% as far as finance is concerned I thank you very much Thank you so much Mamadou some great points there the access issue is still really critical as you rightly pointed out and procedures are often too complicated and work to the disadvantage of many countries but also this vitally important 2025 process as well getting the definitions tighter but also the orders of magnitude should really be much, much greater and that's extremely clear so many, many thanks for that Madeleine, in order to achieve just and equitable outcomes I would also like to thank you for the voices at the negotiating table especially those of countries and communities at the front line of the climate crisis was the president's promise of convening the most inclusive cop in history fulfilled how successful do you think civil society was at encouraging a positive result Sarah, Madeleine isn't coming in on that I'm not sure if there's a technical problem do you want to take that one up while we sort that out Yeah happy to but Madeleine when you can connect just talk and I'll stop talking because you will have much better insights into this than me, I know that in terms of inclusion there were obviously some challenges that were COVID related so some participants were not able to travel from LDCs and SIDS to be represented it also meant that some of the delegations were smaller so a smaller delegation is a real challenge it means you have less people to send into the different negotiating rooms so therefore you can't be represented in every place which means procedurally it's unjust because you don't have as much voice I know that others are struggling with quarantine so from a personal perspective what people had to kind of sacrifice to attend the COP in some cases was quite huge one of my colleagues, my co-chair in the structured expert dialogue he's on day seven of a 21 day quarantine on returning to China so this is he'll be two months away from his family to attend COP so the personal sacrifice again is huge and again that won't work for women who are pregnant people who have someone that they're caring for then they wouldn't have been able to attend so attendance is one thing then inclusion in the rooms is another thing so obviously this is a cause of frustration particularly for many of the younger climate activists who want to be heard and they want to have a say and they want to see what happens inside these negotiating rooms but in fact that multilateral process is bound by rules which mean that everybody can't get in the door and even physically with COVID not everybody could get in the door but we need to find better ways of trying to get the lived experiences of the people most affected by climate change and least responsible in front of the politicians and the decision makers so whether that's future generations, young people right now are people living with the climate impacts in LDCs in small island developing states because that brings the reality it helps to bring actually the emotion and feeling and lived impact of climate change into what can otherwise be very sterile and diplomatic in negotiating spaces so there's more to be done there but I would say that the marches the protest, the voices outside the pavilions, the greens, all of this and the wider conversation that was generated by COP is a really positive outcome from COP it has grown, more people are interested in it and the pressure that is put on the process from the outside in is felt and heard inside those negotiating rooms people do need to know that, they do feel it but yeah, we still need to work harder on finding ways to get the real voices directly in front of the decision makers so that they can't they feel that impact and they feel those losses they feel what it's like because we have to bring more human empathy into the process Thank you so much Yes, I would like to step in because it's a very important issue as Madeleine is not around I am here thank you my internet is not good today just to echo what Tara is saying I think the role of the civil society is a key and also as been said by the presidency bringing all voice in this process is important I think as been said by Tara I think having civil society around we will put some pressure on government in particular the key leader and I do think that this is something we have to it's a process where we need all as I say all actors to be around and the civil society can bring pressure can bring ambition can bring also innovation and also keep the equity aspect and also be something we have to think about we show that all decision we are going to take on this big process are equitable enough to ensure that all vulnerable actor or vulnerable country are also well well consider in the process and also we show transparency this voice are important for transparency and I think what we need is to see what atmosphere is completely considering so I think the transparency need be wrong and I think civil society this voice women, young, youth all these things are important for the assessment and keeping us on the right trajectory we are supposed to bring forward thank you. Thank you so much Madeline I'm sure many of the people on the call from civil society organizations will be hugely encouraged to hear those words from you leading one of the really important negotiating blocks going forward towards COP 27 with the emphasis on transparency on accountability as well as on equity and climate justice so many many thanks for that Mamadou if I can come to you actually on another topic that's of significant importance on climate justice obviously and also finance a small but symbolic step was taken by the Scottish government when First Minister Nicola Sturgeon announced a pledge of two million pounds of operation and money to go towards addressing loss and damage from climate change in poor countries and this is a global first do you think this signals a political shift in the way governments will tackle or have to tackle their historical responsibility for the loss and damage affecting the poorest countries Mamadou. Andrew I thank you very much for that this is a political good signal it reminded me the contribution from a consortium of donors on life are for least developed countries so that's why you know in my previous intervention I said I would wish to have a parallel process where those who feel that they have to do something for developing countries must find a platform to act to take action so what the Scottish government has done is really something which must be encouraged really my congratulations loss and damage is one of the high priority for developing countries what so ever we will be saying adaptation is one thing if the meteorological services said something will happen this evening we can adapt we will take some measures in order to adapt despite the means we will gather in order to adapt to this that's where loss and damage come on so now we have our call it lives we have investments that are destroyed life that are lost how could we manage this I think maybe the mistake we have done was in Paris there is an article in the Paris agreement so now we are all fighting to get something for loss and damage because without any funding mechanism really we are lost so what the Scottish government has done should be encouraged and from this platform I really wish to invite the NS1 communities really to advocate for loss and damage it will assist a lot it will help us to recover a bit so it's a very good political signal and I hope that our plea will be really understood by others I thank you Andrew I'm going for a moment there's a piece we've produced this year from IID looking at case studies of ways in which loss and damage can be addressed effectively and operationally on the ground so I'd encourage people to look that up as well but it's a fast moving debate and the politics of this need to ramp up and those are great comments before going to the audience questions it's from Madeline the negotiations for the global stock take came to an end in Glasgow and the first phase of the stock take process has now been launched how confident are you that the review mechanisms of the Paris agreement will produce raised ambition for the future Madeline thank you Andrew for this important question regarding the global stock take as you mentioned it we start the process from November 21 to until June 23 so there was a roadmap that was been established in order for extraction to have some technical discussion on the GST I think there was first some informal consultation that was happened before the COP and also during the COP there was a decision on how to implement the process around the GST I think we also expecting to have the report from the IPCC that's supposed to come on June before June 22 so this is also important we have the first report and we're looking for having additional additional report so all these documents will be helpful for the process it will allow also country to country and group of country to look at to have some key documentation key element and also to have enough product in order to see how to make this assessment I think it's good to start assessing but when you're assessing I think also you need to implement I think the implementation also is something we have to do because assessing something there is no implementation it's also just doing something without having some base to do it and I think the implementation of our NDC is key parties have provided the NDC and are looking to implement so I think we have to have in parallel with the two process ensure that NDC are ongoing for implementation ensure so that the global stock the evaluation we have enough product enough information in order to assess something so this is something we have to work on so my comment is really to ensure that we are implementing NDC we have an action on the ground in order to be sure that we have something to assess and from that I think it's really important that we have the ambition so what I'm saying has been saying before is coming from COP 26 action on the ground is needed great thank you very much indeed Madeleine and all of the panel for that quick conversation I'm going to move now from the floor and we've got some great questions as well to take us further in many of the areas we've already discussed actually and in the interest of time I'm going to ask each question to one panelist so that we can move through quickly as many as possible in the next 15 minutes so firstly from from the Greenfighter organization we know well great to have you in this event in ESA and I'm going to put her question to Tara it's how can we ensure that we strengthen the vulnerable countries and communities on the road to COP 27 Thank you in the ESA for your question this is really important because COPs are just a moment in time they're a moment in time when the spotlight shines and as you say in your comment that international process is really important it's why for all its imperfections we need a multilateral agenda around climate change because a global problem needs a global solution and a problem like climate change that's so unfair even more so requires this global solution because we can't get a fairness just by each country looking after itself the fairness comes from us supporting every country to make the transition to zero carbon future and from every country being supported to manage adaptation to deliver adaptation and to deal with the losses and damages associated also with climate change so I think this is where the investment in developing countries in vulnerable communities really matters so it's where the delivery of climate finance and the building really happens and so there are things that IID does such as working with the LDC negotiators to support their capacity to support the time that they have together to prepare their positions that's really important in building up the voice of those least developed countries in time for COP but in terms of the communities themselves the climate finance, the technology transfer and capacity building that we talk about in the abstract in the UNFCCC is so important because it is what actually starts to solve problems and protect people here and now so that's just critically important Thank you so much Tara the next question also from a very special partner for IID from Professor Salim al-Haq director of the International Center for Climate Change and Development in Dhaka, Bangladesh and great also Salim to have you in this event and I'm going to put his question because it deals with loss and damage that we heard very eloquently from Mamadou Ramba I would like to put his question to Madeline as the incoming chair of the LDC group what's your take Madeline and what's your outcome on loss and damage that's the outcome in the text rather than the Scottish government's path breaking commitment Madeline Thank you, thank you Nadu and thank you for Salim for his question on loss and damage on a practical way I do think there is really a need to build capacity around all LDC countries regarding how to better integrate loss and damage in a national process I think this is important we all facing some climate strong events we all see how it affects having some great effect on poor countries we need to show the world that yes we as LDC we are really vulnerable we are really affected we lost a lot from climate events as well but also we have to show what I can call it a local capacity of adaptation I think we also need to look at what are the effort made by these the solution they are putting on the table and see how we can help them to increase the effort to increase the solution they put on the table so I think also showing action maybe will help a lot for all communities to look at some great solution is coming from SM event this is something I think it can work if I take the case of Senegal we are having flow and I don't know that Bangladesh also have some concrete way of lesson that can be also been shared on all countries that are also been affected by such kind of extreme events so we need really to bring people together from the local process so this is also something we have on the table so this is what I want to provide for the question coming from Salem thank you Andi can I jump in and add one thing Tom said I know I'm not supposed to but with this focus on capacity building I think it's important to add to that because due to extreme weather and slow onset events are impacting countries with less financial resources to respond and I think building that capacity is something that we don't give enough attention to either just to add to Madeline's point thank you great points from both of you thank you very much obviously this is an incredibly important discussion going forward and there will be a huge amount more action in that space from COP26 going into COP27 in particular landing the dialogue process towards something more concrete on finance the next question is from another partner very familiar Vincent Ganey from FCDO UK great to have you with us Vincent and Vincent's question is about an underlying theme at COP26 of hearing local voices empowering them in decisions on the use of adaptation finance themes on locally led adaptation and that was a really important element of the discussions and indeed of many of the commitments made on the side so Mamadou do you feel that that emphasis on the importance of locally led action in relation to adaptation was sufficiently represented in the COP outcomes in the text of the COP itself Mamadou I think the COP the COP decisions present a lot of loopholes as far as locally led adaptation is concerned I think we should at national level try to convert the decision into a national ownership in order to see how we can spread as much as possible the decisions at the decentralized level so this is a homework national experts must do we should interpret the decisions and try to explain how our realities are and what are the decisions the national decisions we must be taken yes we receive decisions from the international community but we have to translate in another language other national circumstances so it's up to us as developing countries mainly these developed countries to see how we can take advantage of the decisions in order to give an hope to the local communities as far as adaptation is concerned so it will depend on the decision we will be taken that's why we have to share our experiences and I know that Salim Moulouk is working very hard in that area we have to learn with him with his organization and I know that in the next five years some outcomes could come on board and be able to share with the international community maybe at COP 29 thank you sir thank you very much indeed I have two more questions that I would like to get through and then I will probably have to close at that point I have a fantastic and very rich discussion Tara for you first a question from Christina Arribas what are some of the ways you think citizens can keep governments accountable and make them act according to their promises Tara thanks Christina great question and I think this really starts close to us all I think for citizens you need to start with in your area so in developed and developing countries local authorities are now doing much more to integrate climate change into their local development plans into their corresponding budgets and most of those budgets are available publicly or at least on request so being able to say well this is what's committed to in our local development plan I haven't seen that happen in my community you know ask questions of your elected local representatives and then the same approach works for national elected representatives as well so you can do this as an individual or perhaps even better is to join with an existing group that already has an interest in this area but possibly needs more volunteers because everywhere needs more volunteers at the moment but you just ask these questions you can ask parliamentary questions of your elected officials and you can call in to the constituency office of your local member of parliament all of these things are official ways and means whereby we can hold our governments to account and as I say don't forget that starts really quite close to you in terms of where you live and your local authority and the plans they have so yeah I'd say get stuck in let's pick up the phone if not get involved with the group that's already doing this great thanks so much Tara I'm going to come with one final question for Mamadou and then we'll start Madeline as the leader of the LDC negotiating group for any final thoughts on the discussion before I close so Mamadou this question picks up article 6 and there are a few questions on article 6 but I'm going to put it to you in a very very simple way what do you think the priorities should be going forward on article 6 now that we do have a text and as you say we have finished the Paris rule book what do you think are the priorities for countries civil society and other actors on the question of markets and article 6 Mamadou thank you very much Andrew I think we must start preparing ourselves on how we will engage in article 6.4 because on 6.2 we cannot control the market that will be put in place and facilitate exchange of you know units between parties if we start engaging we will try to make things different from what we have experienced under the CDM this is one secondly we will continue advocating that we need share of proceeds from 6.2 to 7.2 and we will try to plan the adaptation funds it is very crucial for us so you know from 1995 where the first conference of the parties was held in Berlin to the Kyoto protocol we have listened and learned through how I call it to a trade it's becoming a financial convention a financial process that's not what we expected from this process it's really something it's like a diversion of the discussions on climate change it's like money only so our negotiating parties should come on board and try to give a sort of humanism in our process really there is something missing somewhere so this is my way of seeing things if we don't come up with another way of thinking on climate change really it will be very important because the environmental integrity will collapse so let us start from developing countries on how we will tackle you know 6.4 in order to have more projects have more units that will help us and we continue to discuss on 6.2 that was a fascinating answer with lots and lots of substance we're slightly overrunning now but I will ask your forgiveness to overrun by about 5 minutes and let me firstly ask Madalene if there is just anything at all that you want to highlight from the perspective of the LDCs before I make some very brief closing remarks and thank you so much for joining us Madalene thank you thank you Andrew I just want maybe also to use this opportunity to thank the LDCs chair from Bhutan I think the team of Bhutan under his leadership have made a great job for guiding the LDCs group of negotiation and also for increasing the capacity among LDCs delegate and LDCs countries I think we want to be really grateful to him I just want also to use this opportunity to thank all partners who have worked in order to support to assist the LDCs to make their voice well known around the world and I think LDCs became really important group in this negotiation process and even in the implementation of part of the climate change so my point is yes we need to go on action on action pathway so how we can help LDC to to be part of a solution to play role in the process at the implementation level and I think I am saying also when you implement you increase your capacity so we need to implement learning by doing so I am looking for really working with all partners and all LDCs countries to see how we can really go in action process for coming years thank you I am going to wrap up now huge thanks to our panel for being with us and for your really thoughtful and insightful contributions I am sure everyone on the webinars really appreciated that thank you to Tara and to Madeleine for joining us for this discussion I would also like to thank all of the participants sorry to those of you whose questions I didn't get to but I think we have had a really good discussion and we have covered a huge amount of ground we will share a link to the recorded session soon on our website and by email along with the resources shared in the chat during the session I would also like to give a quick plug now to invite you all to join IID's regular usually every two years of course delayed by Covid Barbara would like to either in person or online it will be in London on Monday 6 December and our speaker is a fantastic speaker Rebecca Greenspan the incoming secretary general of the United Nations conference she will be speaking to the issue of describing Costa Rica's journey to global climate leadership and what can we learn from a good example many of you will have seen that Costa Rica has co-chaired with Denmark the beyond oil and gas alliance which is a real cutting edge and really a global challenge to address this issue Costa Rica still very much in the forefront of global climate action as they have been for many years and if you do have Juliet will share a link in the chat for that event and if you do have a minute we would be hugely grateful if you would share your feedback on the event by clicking on the link in the chat box to do a simple survey and with that I will close this webinar and say huge thank you again to everyone thank you very much