 Okay, we're going to go ahead and get started here, but I neglected, I was a very poor instructor. I should have showed you the demonstration of that resolution of this puzzle that we showed that I told you the answer, but I didn't actually give you a demonstration of that. So let me switch this over for a second to show you. This is a simulation which shows the two pucks, two disks, with the same force being applied to both, but one puck with the force being applied with a string wrapped around the edge, the second force being with the string tied to the center. Okay, so we'll start them off same at rest, same force, same direction, and we click to start and what you see is that their translational motion is the same, right, as determined by Newton's second law. The energetics is different, right, because the top guy force does more work, so transfers more energy into the system, but in terms of the dynamics, same force applied to the same mass object for the same amount of time, in this case, same change in velocity at any instant, therefore starting from rest, both starting from rest, same distance traveled, the race is a tie. Okay, all right, so let's progress to our next topic, which is the drawing for the second poster judge award, and to help us with this, we'll have the winner of the first drawing come forward. Jingwen? Okay, so the question is, is he allowed to draw his own name? Well, we'll see if he draws his own name or not. We'll see if he draws his own name. So, as I mentioned before, I guess two years ago or last year I had, when we started for the very first time, of course, nobody had won at that point, chose one of the participants, and that person drew that his name, so that has happened in the past, but we'll see if it happens again. All right, so shake it around. If you want to stir it around a little bit, you can stir it around, stir it, okay, that, okay, good. All right, thank you, and you are not the winner. Even if your name is on here, your name's not on, your name's not on here. Getting closer to the winner, getting closer, the winner is Zahra. Okay, so we still have one more drawing, okay, so again, make sure you have a poster ballot. Anyone need a poster judging ballot here, and I'll mention that the final poster judge drawing will be held at the banquet tomorrow night, so you need to be there to win, but the banquet is at 8 p.m. upstairs where we have the awards, the poster awards will be awarded. You get your certificate from participating in the school there as well. 8 o'clock tomorrow up at the Adriatico Terrace, okay. Okay, so let me just remind you the usual drill here of the procedures, which are, okay, everyone's turned in their snapshots, and I will say also that tomorrow we will have, we meet here again at 9 o'clock for a roundtable discussion on international collaborations, our final hands-on session, and the afternoon off and then the awards banquet at 8 p.m. at the terrace. All right, the usual thing, the poster, you know, the procedure, snapshots and posters, here's what you judge on, everybody's a judge, here's your ballot to pick your top five must have your name written down if you want to compete for the drawing when we just did the drawing, and then here are the cash prizes, so there will be cash prize, I'll just mention more specifically, grand prize, first place, 100 euros, there will be two second place finishes, 50 euros each, and three third place finishes at 25 euros each, okay. All right, so without further ado, we're going to go ahead and proceed with our afternoon session, poster session, and I need my list of names here, and the microphone. Yeah, I guess it's both. And one thing guys, Professor Swinney wanted me to remind you that under resources, there's a shared drive, all of the files from our session are finally up, and you guys should be able to find files in there, certainly by the end of the week, and then going forward, this will persist after the school ends, so you have access to these materials, and you can always contact poster session, with a presentation of poster number 33 by Crissel Xosophe Manchem, and she's from the University of Shams, in Cameroon, and she'll tell us about her work on the influence of dipolar potential energy in the dynamic and stability of micro, micro-community. How come you have a microphone? How come you have a microphone? Presently, it was my idea that, I can't wait to hear from you, the next question is here, the time, too, of three. Yes, try speaking, say something. My contribution. Now it works, okay. All right, we'll restart this, okay, and you can start again. Hello everybody. My disease is a veritable problem in our society. It's a disease which caused the loss of memory. It's a veritable problem which caused the loss of memory. Which I need to discover. Because this works, I hope. Test the volume. Hello everybody. My disease is a veritable problem in our society. It's a disease which caused the loss of memory. How occurred this disease? Recently, it was emited the hypothesis that is asthma disease is related to a dysfunction of micro-tubules. We turn aim to discover a appropriate treatment of the disease. We want to understand the brain mechanism related to a dynamic and stability of micro-tubules. So our goal is to find the realistic model which explained as well the dynamic and stability of micro-tubules. We find the equation of motion. We describe the behavior of micro-tubules. And we derive the form of wave function, be propagated along micro-tubules. We turn aim to compare the result which a result obtained is a former model. Here, in a simulation result, we compare wave function without, we take into account dipolar potential energy and the function without taking into account this dipolar potential energy. We observe that the wave function we take into account dipolar potential energy has an amplitude more bigger than another wave function. Dipolar potential energy increases the amplitude of our signals. We also present in this simulation result the global potential of our systems. And we observe that dipolar potential energy bring down the symmetric of double well potential and increase the tunnel effect will imply the shift energy level. So, dipolar potential energy return. Thank you. Good afternoon, everyone. Welcome to my presentation. The synergistic relationship between HIV, NTS, and TB results in high mortality. And it's also a source of economic burden in developing countries. From this diagram here, we have the group of people who are HIV-infected, HIV negative. And we realize from literature that the incident of TB cases is high among HIV-infected individuals as compared to HIV-negative individuals. And that is the dead rates related to TB. It's also high. Our model is made up of 12 compartments. The protected against TB, protected against HIV. The eyes represent the infections, either coinfections or one disease. And the model is highly nonlinear. So we standard the behavior of solutions about the equilibrium point. And we can see that if we have maximum protection against HIV, the only infection in the population will be that of TB. And if we have maximum protection against TB, the only infection in the population is that of HIV. And one of our main results is that the endemic equilibrium is locally and globally asymptotically stable, meaning that we may have the disease in the population, but it is at manageable levels with minimal interventions and death. And our main result was confirmed by the graphical solutions. These are a few among them. We are by with an increase in protection. With an increase in protection, there is an induced number of infectives in the population. And I wish to welcome you to my poster presentation for more explanations. Thank you. Thank you. Poster number 35 will be delivered by Serge Tarkov-Golem from the University of New-Inde in Cameroon. He'll tell us about his work on higher-order roadways in a nonlinear, strove industry. Hello. Originally, roadways are giant waves, high-amplitude waves. They are heard to be responsible of many marine disasters. As we can see on these figures, a ship's being destroyed by a high-amplitude wave. It has been shown that this kind of wave can be met not only in oceanic conditions, but only in nonlinear physical systems, such as nonlinear fiber optics. That's why we have made an investigation of a nonlinear Schrodinger system driving roadways. As a result, we have depicted here on the left panel the first-order roadway and the right panel the second-order roadway. It's important to remark that the amplitude of the second-order is higher than the amplitude of the first-order. We have also constructed the third-order roadway here on the left panel. The amplitude is more higher than the amplitude of the second-order and the first-order. We have also shown that the third-order can be split into six first-order roadway solutions. In view to obtain details on this work, you are welcome to follow my poster. Thank you for your kind attention. Thank you for the introduction and hi everyone. Now, let's see two dimensions system. By the way, it has been observed in a thin layer of excitable media including chicleadena, frog egg, patinum surface, slamo, heart tissue, and bilosobsabolinsky reaction. Spiral waves in heart tissue are the origin of ventricular tachycardia, which can lead to fibrillation. At least all in cardiac dates, it's very important to understand spiral waves. We have built a model system to study excitation waves where we look into ways to remove spiral waves. We use B.C. reaction because it widely used system to study excitation waves in excitable media. The B.C. preparation and the wave observation are convenient compared to biological media. In my work, we study periods of wave 10 by setting the temperature at the local or the origin of wave. If you want to know how to remove spiral waves, please come to my poster. Thank you. Hello, everybody. First few, you don't know, HCV is a disease in the liver. It's infection in the liver caused by many viruses and this liver disease caused by type C virus. There are about 130 and 150 million people have chronic hepatitis C infection in the world. Not every year, about 700,000 people die each year from hepatitis C-related diseases. Most of these cases occur in Egypt and about 14.7% of Egyptian people have this disease. This is the life cycle of HCV. This is the viral particles and goes to the cell via process called endocytosis. After that, the genetic material becomes translated and makes the proteins of this virus and this is the proteins. After that, new variants have been formed and released from this cell and go to invade other cells. There are a lot of genotypes and what does it mean by genotypes? Because the same genetic materials that have different sequences belong to the same virus. There are different sequences and these differences in sequences make differences in the proteins translated. And here in Egypt, the dominant genotype is genotype 4. This is the protein that I am forward and back. Posture number 38 will be delivered by Syed Mohamed Reza Tahiri from the Institute of Gen Study and Basic Sciences in Zanjan. He will tell us about his work on trapping sub-micromer aerosols using optical tweezers. Hello everybody. Aerosols are tiny solid particles or liquid droplets suspended in air. They have a very big impact in our life. For example, aerosols can reflect or scatter or absorb the sunlight and control the energy budget of the Earth. Aerosols have a very varied range of sources, chemical structure and sizes. But most of the aerosols have sub-micrometer sizes and there is no good experimental method to control and study just single sub-micrometer aerosol. Then we have tried to make some optimization on optical tweezers to make it suitable for this purpose. Optical tweezers in simplest form are tightly focused Gaussian laser beam. It means that if you focus a Gaussian laser beam by some lenses into, for example, a colloidal solution, particles with refractive index higher than the surrounding medium experience a restoring hook and force to the place with highest intensity to the optical point in the focal point. Here you can see our experimental setup. It consists from a laser source, some optical elements to modify the laser beam and an optical microscope to see the sample and also make optical trap here. And here you can see some of our results. The smallest aerosol that can be optically trapped before our work is something around two micrometer. And by our optimization, we can trap a sub-micrometer aerosol at the smallest 18 nanometer. It's really interesting for atmospheric scientists. And if you want to know more about our method or optimization, please come and visit my poster number 38. Thanks. So polymer is a fascinating class of macromolecules. They're very long and they could assume a wide variety of function and shape. So the function of each polymer usually is associated with a particular shape. So if you change the shape, you change the function. So for example, in neurology or in pathology, we have different varieties of disorders, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's. These are protein related disorders. So that's the reason why probably why we have different fields, physicists and biologists working on, special physicists working on this area. So in my field, in my work, I will be presenting a simple or reduced model, a molten-ion walk. It's a random walk confined in a square lattice. So here we study how we can extract physics and other information which cannot be or which are difficult, usually difficult to extract from different models. So if you have questions, you want to clarify something or if you have suggestions to make this research improve. So I'm all free at poster number 39. So please visit my poster and let's have a conversation. Ladies and gentlemen, hello. I'm Reza Sheetbrew from Iran, Shaid University. My work is about my bisophiles in a single layer. As you know, two-dimensional material are crystalline material consisting of only one atomic layer. These materials, such as graphene as a grandfather of two-dimensional material, multi-diasulfide, boronate right, can be used to make next generation of transistors. Photonance spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy are typical conventional metal to identify a number of layers, but there is a problem. Lattice point defects such as sulfur vacancy can destroy the quality of a single layer. To solve this problem, we made four type samples. First, single layer, polystyrene-native single layer, and the others were defective single layer with various populations of point defects. Then we applied multi-fractor analysis to these samples, and we showed that the Hertz parameter, this parameter, Hertz parameter, sorry, Hertz parameter can be very different in these samples. As conclusions, we create a tool to identify population of point defects, defects on multi-multi-multi-multiple-diasulfide single layer without any further analysis. Thank you for your attention. Hello everyone, I'm Xing Wen Zheng from China, and I will introduce you to a box fish-like robot. In recent years, robotic fish has played an important role in underwater resource experiment and underwater pipeline expectation and underwater secretion. So, compared with other species of fish, boss fish has more excellent streaming characteristics, and our lab has decided a kind of boss fish-like robot to do research on biomimetic perception and collective behavior. Our research includes lead-row line-inspired interaction. Lead-row line system is a sensory system which can be found in every kind of fish, and using lead-row line system, fish can sense the environment. And our research is to find the relationship between the motion of the boss fish-like robot with pressure data based on fluid mechanics. This is our experiment on the interaction for two or more boss fish-like robots. And we have also the research on navigation and communication of the boss fish-like robot. I'm very interested in my research, and I feel good about the boss fish-like robot. Thank you. Poster number 42 will be delivered by Lydia Bulbasova from the Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics in Russia, and she'll tell us about her work on optical wavefront distortions due to atmospheric turbulence. Our atmosphere is turbulent media, and atmospheric turbulence is a serious limitation for optical resolution of ground-based astronomical telescopes. Physically, it is wavefront distortion of optical wave by astronomical object. For example, this wavefront without atmospheric turbulence, wavefront of plane optical wave, it is wavefront distortion due to atmospheric turbulence. In result, image quality is degraded. So, same negative effect, a present for laser beam propagation through atmospheric turbulence. It is important for optical communications. Atmospheric turbulence is complex system and can be described by turbulence spectrum. Our measurement shows that turbulence spectrum non-Kolmogorov, but for the four we calculated wavefront distortion for two models of power spectrum of atmospheric turbulence, it is Kolmogorov and non-Kolmogorov. By using the analytical calculations, you can see three nail approximations. Therefore, in results, we compare to models of spectrum and show that optical wave distortion insignificantly decreases that Kolmogorov theory. This effect can be important for choice of site for new astronomical observatory and need for correction of atmospheric sounding by optical methods. Thank you for attention. It comes from the Roman god having two faces facing opposite and then this facing opposite, they have characteristics that the one face looks to the future and another face looks to the past. And then these surrounding particles, they mimic this Janus and call the Janus particle. They are microscopic particles and they are having two different surfaces having different chemical or physical properties. So my work is to see how this thermal forces transport this particle and orient it in a specific direction. So this is my numerical setup where the particle is sitting in a gas under this thermal gradient. And then the physics behind the particle transport downward because of this massive collision by the particles which are near to the upper hot place. And then it also rotates because of this asymmetry in the nature of the surfaces. And then this is the numerical result that I did where the orientation is in the upward having this upper face having special characteristics. And then it transported to us the cooler part and then the orientation change and then comes to this lower face. And then there is a whole mathematics behind to explain this phenomenon and then that is called the Boseman equation. It is solved by using numerical scheme called Trix simulation Monte Carlo method. So about more I will be talking in my poster. Please do visit my poster. Thank you so much. Okay. So helices can be found anywhere in nature and on any scale. So we have an example of a molecule of RNA. We have some bacteria Van Gogh is very familiar with. We have some shell and a pigtail. So anywhere in nature. Now another interesting form for us is a hemihelix. It is obtained if we take two identical helices with opposite headiness and tie them together to obtain a hemihelix. Yes, it is important. Can we produce those shapes in a lab using a simple tabletop technique and not just any helix, but a helix that has desired curvature, torsion and headiness. So this was a method of producing it. We took one layer of latex and pre-stretched. On top of it we glued some strips of latex that were unstretched under various angles. And then we started cutting them out. As we cut them out, they start immediately to sprung out and form those shapes. So we obtained ring shape and this helical shape. We connected those two helical shapes to obtain the hemihelix. Now once we got those shapes, we were wondering how stretchable are they? Can they be stretched into a fully strip? For a helix, this minimal tension required to fully stretch it is infinite. So it cannot be stretched into a full strip. While for a hemihelix, it is finite and impets a curvature of some material properties and geometrical properties. Now I will try to perform. For a helix, I cannot do anything. For a hemihelix, I might not get it into a first. Here, I get a straight ribbon. And as for the rings, well, they also are very interesting to observe, but for them you will have to visit my poster to tell you about them. Number 45 will be delivered by Emre Kaya from the Bogan DC University in Turkey. And he'll tell us about his work on investigation of self-organization and really been our convection based on molecular dynamics. Thank you. Hello. Here's a thin layer of flutes confined between two plates. The lower plate is kept at a higher temperature than the upper plate. And as a result of this, we create a temperature gradient between the plates. At the lower temperatures of T1, the main mode of heat transfer is conduction. But as the temperature rises to T2 after a certain threshold, the conduction becomes somehow unstable. And the dominant mode of heat transfer shifts to convection. And we see this bulk motion in the flutes. This is called Rayleigh-Benard convection and has been studied for almost more than 100 years now. So there are experiments that are manifesting this phenomenon and Navier-Stokes equations are also predicting the onset of convection. And they are also numerical assimilated in order to get velocity fields. But the question of how self-organization manifests itself at a more fundamental level is still open. So in order to answer this question, we create a molecular dynamics simulation of the phenomenon. And try to come up with a parameter that can, at least we hope, that can characterize the self-organization at a molecular level using molecular properties. So if you want to discuss more about this topic, please visit my poster. Thank you. Thank you. We will discuss two concepts. The first being error precipitation, the second being triangulated grid. Now what is error precipitation? We have rain gauges which measure point rainfall measurements. We take point rainfall measurements, but what we do need is rainfall over a given area. So how do we determine rainfall over a given area? We need a network of rain gauges to determine what volume of rain is falling over an area. We need this because point precipitation gauges do not represent the spatial variability of rainfall for an area. So for example, at a gauge point x, if I go to a gauge point y, the rainfall at y is not necessary, the rainfall at x. Now you may ask why is this important? This is using hydrological analysis such as we have forecasted models which uses runoff, which is the definition of runoff, as well as soil hydrological analysis which also is soil moisture content. Now the next thing we are going to look at is triangular grids. Now the next question you may ask is why this method? There are three methods I listed here. They are the arithmetic mean, the iso-ital analysis and the finite element method analysis. Why did I choose the finite element? Because it allows unequal ratings. You can add and remove points from the grid with minor changes in terms of adding in data points. And finally, you can automatically generate the AD curves, which gives basically how the precipitation varies right in increasing areas over different durations. Okay, now how do we determine area precipitation? We're going to discretize this domain here and each of the nodes or the rain gauges have three different variables. They are the x, the y coordinates, as well as the rainfall at that point. We are going to interpolate what is doing for at any point in this element using these three sets of data values. Thank you. This is summer school on complex systems. An example of these kind of systems are the collages. As you can see, examples are blood, veins, DNA, milk, virus and of course the beard. Well, all those systems have the characteristics that contain a dispersed phase into a continuous phase. And as you can imagine, understand the dynamically structural and sub-assembly behavior of these kind of systems are, is, for, have the interest of fields like medicine, pharmaceutical industries, biophysics, foods, et cetera. From the beginning of this field and with the development of theoretical frameworks and computer simulations, the colloidal dispersions with radical-symmetric interactions are shown with agreement with some kinds of real systems. But, however, in the reality, in the nature, only a little quantity of colloidal systems have radical-symmetric interactions. In this way, my research work is to go out of this spherical symmetry and try to understand the dynamical behavior of non-spherical particles, like a protein in a very radical system, who doesn't have strictly a spherical shape. In this way, I perform it as a experimental system that consists of monomers and dimers, confines 52 glass plates to form a quasi-two-dimensional system. I have the story of the dynamic of this system, the brain digital, by the microscopy to obtain the dynamic of properties. Furthermore, it is well known that colloidal systems interact through the solvent, I mean interact through the dynamic interactions. But, as you can see in my poster, those dynamic interactions can be factor-level until taking fraction close to all those five. Please, if you have any questions, let me ask in the water session. Thanks. Hello everyone, my name is Pauline and this is my topic, infrared-reflectance analysis of porous gas. Actually, this is a material study by using infrared spectroscopy. And why is it so interesting? The interesting part is this porous. The porous structure can enhance the optical properties, especially in the UV luminescence. Yes, or can you start from the beginning or continue? Continue, okay. I think you guys will get bored. Okay, continue. This is the gallium nitride layer and this is the substrate, sapphire. So, after undergo the electrochemical etching, it will become this. And this structure we name it as honeycomb structure. And do you know this? This is the gallium nitride layer and the top layer is the porous gas layer which forms porous. And this remains un-aged. And this is the sapphire. And what is the IR spectrum? This is the IR spectrum of the bare wafer and this region we name it as Brestarum region which we can extract the optical phonomode. So, after etching, there is an extra mode around here which is induced by the porosity because porous medium, we have gallium nitride. So the mixture will give you an extra mode that is porosity-induced mode, and we name it as folic mode, and that's another forbidden mode here. Okay. If you want to know more about the analysis, please come to visit me. Thank you. Poster number 49 will be delivered by Shyma Monim from Cairo University in Egypt, and she'll tell us about her work on optical properties of solid tissue simulators using integrating sphere systems. Thank you. Many people these days approach light phototherapy for scan treatment, tumor removal, eye surgeries, and for these kind of treatments and medical applications, we need to understand how do different light wavelengths' colors propagate inside our human tissues, which means that we need to study our own optical properties, the optical properties of our own body. How do light propagate inside our human tissues? So optical properties are the parameters describe the light propagation inside the tissues, and it's mainly controlled by two factors. How many scattering and absorbing elements are there? We have many scattering particles, then the beam tends to spread in the tissue or go back, so be reflected. If we have many absorbing particles, this means that the beam have less probability to transmit or even go back. So optical properties, mainly absorption and scattering coefficients are directly linked to the measurements of transmission and reflections for each sample. So if we can construct human tissue simulators with different amounts of absorbing and scattering particles, for them we know the optical properties values and also the transmission reflection values, then we can build a calibration model for which we can import the measurements of transmission reflection, get back the optical properties values. I want to show you how to use integrating spheres for this purpose, this measurement, transmission reflection. I want also to play you to play with these phantoms. So come to the poster and yeah, mention some of them. Thank you. One moment. Let me take this moment to make an announcement about an additional poster. So yesterday, poster number 31 presented by Fateme Rajab Asadi. She presented her snapshot, here she is, but she fell ill and was unable to stand by at her poster. Her poster is up again here right outside, poster number 31, so I invite you, she'll be there feeling better, we're happy about that and she will be there and please stop by and see her and her poster. It can be voted on. Okay, so we're ready to go. Okay, so poster number 50, the last poster in this session and also the last poster for the hands-on school, a snapshot will be delivered by Abdulmonim Suleiman from Sudan University of Science and Technology in Sudan and he'll tell us about a novel protocol for minimal radiation dosing in pediatric urography. Thank you very much. I'm very pleased to present my work today entitled Radiation, Those Measurements for Pediatric Patients During Urography. As you know, radiography current contributes almost 95% of all artificial radiation. So it is almost 100% of artificial radiation including radioactive power plants and every other applications of radiation, just 5%, 95% is medical exposure. So from this medical exposure, almost 300 million procedures performed in kildering and as you know, pediatric always more sensitive to radiation than adult patients. By a factor from 4 to 6 times from 0H to 40H almost 6 to 4 times and in addition to that females are more sensitive to radiation also than adults. Other thing, as you know, radiation has two kinds of effects, deterministic effects or cancer effects. So our objectives in medicine to reduce the probability of deterministic effect and to prevent this skin burning and skin reddening. The procedure now dealing with urography is a procedure in normal urination. The child can urinate after falling the bladder but in pathological condition the urine flows back. We designed an ambitious protocol. This is clinical settings. This is phantom. This is detectors. And the good news that we managed by these settings to reduce the dose 4 times. Please visit my poster for further discussion. Thank you very much. Okay. So that concludes the snapshots. Let's go ahead and proceed to the poster session but first let's give all the presenters a very nice round of applause.