 The lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor I, LOX-1, is the main scavenger receptor that contributes to atherosclerotic plaque formation and progression by inducing endothelial cell activation, macrophage foam cell formation, and smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation. LOX-1 is upregulated following exposure to pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic stimuli and can be detected in animal and human atherosclerotic lesions. Inhibition of the LOX-1 receptor with chemicals or antisense nucleotides is currently being investigated as an emerging approach for controlling oxal-DL-LOX-1 mediated pro-atherogenic effects. This article was offered by Angela Pirillo, Giuseppe Danilo-Noata and Albarico Luigi Cattopano.