 All my dear audience, students, friends, learners. For today, I would like to share with you some of the concept or the idea that I have learned about, but I have already practices, and then I have already witnessed in my society or in the other part of the world, social entrepreneurship, which is a very dynamic concept. When I'm a dynamic, that means that social entrepreneurship can be the essence or can be the seeds or can be the yeast to make some other things happen through social entrepreneurship. I think this is a very important concept. I'm hoping that you and me, that we can grow together and to learn together, social entrepreneurship, especially when we live in a democratic society, when we talk about democratic governance, and what does democracy mean? In Greek, democracy means ruled by the people. So as a citizen and as a person and as one of the public in the society, you and me, we have to learn how to rule and how to govern. I think that's quite important. Therefore, not only our voice need to be heard and we need to develop our own responsible action to create the resources and also to solve the problem and voluntarily and all collectively. Therefore, are we an entrepreneurial master of the society? Do we have a kind of ruling capacity and to govern our society? So this is the number one question that related to social entrepreneurship. Like, we are developing our governing capacity and to work with our people and to pursue for good governance. But number two, entrepreneurial. This is a very weird word, entrepreneurial. Still remember in 1980, everybody talk about reinventing government. But in Chinese, sometimes we translate that. Into a business like a government. But government is government, business is business. Business is different government. Government is different from business. But actually, reinventing government is not tearing government to become business. No, that's the wrong idea. It is called the entrepreneurial government. I think that's quite important. So, entrepreneurship is a good word. Like we are always pursuing for excellency, for better governance, for better performance and to serve our people better. Therefore, when we talk about social entrepreneurship, lot, we would like to develop and social entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship that we can serve our people better and serve our community better and to let our community or our society benefit from what we are doing. Businessmen is different from social entrepreneur. Business entrepreneur is also different from social entrepreneur. And businessman is smart with the profitability and productivity. They know how to earn money. They know how to do the thing efficiently. Business entrepreneur, they are very smart in leading, in evaluating. So they are kinds of business empire building type of person. And they are very much concentrating on strategy. And they know the strategy. And they have a good test. And probably they have a good vision and in their business future development. However, the social entrepreneur, sometimes we have the world entrepreneur but we have a social in front of you. So like carry total different connotation and different spirit. And social entrepreneur is a kind of person clear with clear mission. And social entrepreneur is a clear mission with talent, enthusiasm, and serendipity. So they change the society with the people, especially with the people they are living or standing with, I call it local people. And they enable good governance by creating indelible resources and economy. So there is a debate. Is social enterprise a business? Or is social enterprise is other economic activity? But to me, I will say social enterprise is a business plus. I is a social business. But they are working on some, something that's with great mission and with the talent, the enthusiasm that has been demonstrated through those, you know, social entrepreneur. And they are the change maker and social reformer. Social entrepreneur, they move their business from ROI to SRI, return on investment to social return on investment. So they put their emphasis, okay. They perceive their performance more from how their investment or how their business can lead to the social transformation and also back to the democratic governance for good governance. So social entrepreneur is a kind of, it's not kind of entrepreneur, but they are not that kind of productivity or profitability oriented. And they are very relaxing person for a know. But for the democratic governance, that the theory of democratic governance, social entrepreneur, they are still facing the basic duty as an entrepreneurial master for good governance to fulfill their responsibility as a good citizen. Okay, so there are some kind of unique future of the social entrepreneur. When you want to create your own business as a social enterprise and several things, now you need to have the checklist, okay. Number one, you do not just show your interest in something you would like to do, but you need to have burning heart for that also. I asked several students and they told me, Professor Wu, I would like to have a bakery. I would like to have a bakery shop and coffee shop. And I told them, what is that good for? And they say, you know, I would like to cook coffee and make him bread, okay. Probably they are very interesting in the subject, but they don't have burning heart for that. When I say burning heart, that means they have the patient, they have the talent for that and they have a mission for that. Also being a good social entrepreneur, you need to have an interdisciplinary knowledge. That means good knowledge and plus innovative business model. You are entrepreneurial, you need to learn how to create innovative business model. It is not only win-win for everybody, but it is also create sustainable development also. So social entrepreneur, they always co-working with friendship, fellowship, partnership. They develop their team building or team co-key semblance. The final one, I fear that social entrepreneur let develop sensitive commitment to the UN SDG. United nation like United nation, sustainable development goals, you know, practices. In 2015, the UN, you know, announced UN SDGs to replace UN MDG. That's United nation millennium development goal. So they are 17 goals, but when you look at those goals over there, that you will find very interesting thing. Okay, for the United nation, sustainable development goal, look at, you know, we need to deal with poverty, hunger, the good health and well-being, quality education, gender equality, clean water, sanitation, affordable and clean energy, decent work, economic growth, industry innovation and infrastructure, okay, and reducing inequality, inequality, sustainable city and community, responsible consumption and production, crime action, and then life below water and life on land, you know, it's like an ocean or like the continent, you know, and also peace, justice, a strong institution and partnership for goal. Those are the UN SDG. So being a social entrepreneur, and you need to be sensitive to the commitment to the UN SDG practices. Okay, so if you ask me, social entrepreneur, what kind of capacity that we have to build, okay, I would like to say three things, okay. Social entrepreneur actually is a social designer, I think quite important, okay, and we integrate things and we can design things and for our plan and for our goals, okay, and he is a social enabler. He is a very positive person, always good at making good things happen, and he is social reformer and working with their own people, and he is a kind of a change maker. And what does social design mean, okay. Here's my definition. Social design is an act of the social inspiration with social innovation and enabling governance. Social designs means forging and forming new governing organization, institution, structure through entrepreneurship, fellowship, partnership, or platform, or network to enable resources creation, to enhance program solution, and to empower stakeholders for the benefit of society and community. So here, as social designer, I would say, he is good at pulling everything together to create the resources for resolving the social problem and also to empower the citizen or stakeholder, but the end result will be for society and community to benefit from. Okay, this is, so a lot of men, for me, I would like to share with you, and I'm not a so-called interior designer, and I'm not a product designer, but I think about myself as a social designer, you know, that we can pull different things, and find the interfaces, and build the win-win game for everybody, and that we can make good things happen. I think this is very important, so we need to learn, as social entrepreneur, we need to learn how to be a good social designer. Okay, look at, you know, the new governance, the concept of the new governance. In the past, we talked about public and private partnership, state and market, okay? But in probably start from 1980, that we begin to talk about civil society or NGO. So we have a three-setter, the third-setter, the first-setter state, the second-setter market, or business, the third-setter will be the civil society, and we say three-setters in our collaboration. But up to 2015, 2016, 2017, there is another social movement emerging, okay? And that's social enterprise. That we find the social problem, but we want to resolve the social problem. Collectivity or voluntarily, we have autonomous, okay? We don't have to secure the government support first, but we will be able to create the resources that we need for resolving the problem. And so when you are doing business, you don't do it for profitability. You do it for resolving the problem. And when you want to resolve the problem, you don't ask for the money from the government. And you create your own social enterprise and to create the resources to resolve the problem. Social enterprise. And social enterprise economic activity also, but it is a very unique economic activity that working with local economy and working with local people and working with the stakeholder and also. So when we say new governance or enabling governance, that we need to have a state market, social enterprise and civil society, we all work together. Resources creation, okay? Social entrepreneur, we need to learn how to create the resources. So I have a book, you know, I just published last year. I talk about social resources creation with three B principles. They are three Bs, you know? And I just love it, okay, very much, okay? Bunting, okay? Especially Taiwan and the Philippines, you know, for the last few years, we talk about bonding a lot. You know, Taiwan and the Philippines bond together to so hire and to serve our rich and better. So bonding is a very, very good world, you know? And we need to bond together. But we need to bond that we are in-depth to each other and we love each other and we share the same vision and dream all together. I think bonding that's very, very important, okay? So when you are a social entrepreneur, please, you need to learn how to make people bond together. That's quite important. If you don't bond the people together, okay, you are business or you are the business that you are thinking about to create, or you are enterprise. There is no power of kindness or power. There is no touching power, you know? There is no way that you can have a great, you know, a group of people to throw in their resources to support you. Bonding together is very important. Number two is bridging, okay? Finding interfaces, that's very important. You need to have a social intelligency. We need to develop appreciative intelligences. We appreciate, we need to envision, you know, the interfaces among different things, okay? And how we can, you know, cooperate together. Recently, I just read that article. It's a very interesting article. Talking about potato and tomato, okay? And potato and tomato, they are totally two different, you know, they don't have anything to do with each other. And you don't eat tomato and potato at the same time, okay? Difficult. But when you have a potato and you change it, you transform it into a french fry. And then you transform potato into a potato jam, right? Okay? And then a french fry needs tomato, anyway, okay? Did you see the interfaces already? Okay. So we need to have a very good understanding. We need to have a very good appreciation about what will be happening. You need to perceive the interfaces with new eyes, new vision, okay? Once you can find the interfaces, you are creating something out of nothing, really, okay? The third one we're building, okay? You need to work with the people and to build the innovative business model for life. When I say business model, please don't confuse with business model, that means profitability. No, business model for me is the model, is the working print, is the working framework that you will be able to generate resources to resolve the problem, okay? So 3B principle, bonding, bridging, and building. That's very easy. There are social resources creation with 3B principle for social entrepreneur, okay? So all social entrepreneurship, for me, it's what kind of activity they are doing. They can do things through the social enterprise, community interest company, deep economy, co-working platform, and social networking for sharing economy. And let me share it here with you, okay? Social entrepreneurship, they are actually reshaping the economy by big society, okay? In Great Britain, okay? For the last 10 years, they have been promoting a popular policy, so-called big society policy. It's not a big government, it's not a big business, it's a big society. Why big society? We become to understand now for the new governance, for the enabling governance, we need to citizen to protect, to participate, to get involved in any aspect of public governance. And even in their business, they also can create their business called social enterprise, community interest company, or deep economy, co-working platform, or social networking for sharing economy. So actually, social entrepreneurship is reshaping economy by big society also, okay? So this is a book that I wrote in 2008, okay? You know, I submit this idea in enabling governance. And when I say enabling governance, you know, governance is not government. Governance with government and governance without government are equally important, okay? Let me reiterate. Governance with government and governance without government are equally important, okay? In a democratic society, civil society or social enterprise, but we are doing things sometimes independently, collectively and voluntarily. And we are enabling good governance even without the participation of the government. Social enterprise is the same, okay? It's participating in and good governance or to enable good governance through social enterprise or social entrepreneurship. This is a book that published in Taiwan called Social Enterprise, okay? Power of Good, okay? In Taiwan 2014, we call it the year of the social enterprise. So social enterprise become very popular now. In Taiwan, in Philippines, in Southeast Asia, actually it's in all over the world, okay? Okay, the other one, we call it deep economy, okay? This book was written by beer McKevan in 2009, okay? Whenever this one, this, I mean, the concept of this book really, I mean, quite consistent with what I'm thinking, okay? A deep economy, what is the deep? That means deep means root. Means local, means community. So this is nothing to do with the industrial part. This is nothing to do with our intelligent part. Or this is nothing to do with the scientific part. This is dealing with local people, local community, and local problem, and local economy. So we call it deep economy. That is the wealth of community and the intuable future, beer McKevan. And here, the wealth of the community and the intuable future is the, this is a non-fiction work by environmentalist, beer McKevan, published in 2007 in the fear of ecological economics. It promotes a sustainable economy through close communities. With reaching, generating their own food, energy, culture, and entertainment. McKevan defines deep economy as one that cares less about quantity than about quality. That takes us, it's goal, the protection of the human satisfaction as much as surplus material. That is focused on the idea that it might endure and consider durability at least as important as increase in size. This is the nature, the definition, and of deep economy. So this book I published in 1996, talking about study on public and private patterning and for, and joint development in the urban context. So through the public and private partnership and through the 3B principle, bonding, bridging, and the building together, and we make a lot of good things happen. Okay, here in Kaohsiung, that we have several example for that. When I was the Director General of the Human Resources Development Bureau in government in early 2000, probably 2003. And we have a building with 250 some rooms underutilized. And really, I mean, they are, I shouldn't say abandoned or deserted, but they are underutilized. But we use the concept of the public and private partnership. We invite the private money in. And we renovate it and become a five-star hotel, but at the same time provide the most modern training environment for government official and also for the teacher and also provide extra service for industry also. And that was called and garden villa in a project. That was a very famous and very successful project also. Okay, within the MRT station, the same. Okay, we have a mice corridor here, Kaohsiung Fumosa Station and mice corridor here. And this corridor, because Kaohsiung MRT, we only have two lines and we don't have enough ridership. Therefore, a lot of space within the MRT station, we don't have enough consumer to come in and to consume any kind of commercial oriented in a store here, okay. But I asked MRT company, I say, why don't we convert in a lot of spaces or those stores? Originally, we plan for commercial purposes, but can we transform into a more learning oriented, meeting oriented and exhibition more oriented and provide a very good facility or accessibility for citizens to come here to learn when they ride the MRT, they don't come over here to shop. They come here to learn to meet with people. I think this is a very good idea. So we have a project so-called Fumosa Mice Corridor and set up for that. And that turned out to be a very successful one because one of the major funder of this project, he told me, he said, Professor Wu, I would like to see this project to be completed because he fear the best place in the city, the best location in the city is not for commercial store. That should be for learning purposes. That should be for citizen come here to rest, to learn, or even to meet with each other for a better idea that people can fill up together here. So we start the Fumosa MRT Mice Corridor project probably seven years ago. And it turned out to be a very successful one. If we invest not only for productivity or lack of profitability, but we invest with a strong mission for the benefit of the society, that it will turn out to be socially, I would say socially abundant or socially very productive. And that will turn out to something that you really, you don't expect, but it turned out just beyond your imagination. Okay, so let me conclude that for the social entrepreneur and the social entrepreneurship that we need to learn. Social entrepreneur is now a businessman and social entrepreneur is now a business entrepreneur. But social enterprise, which the social entrepreneur is doing, is a business also, okay? But we have carry different mission and we have a different method. Of course, we are seeking for efficiency and we need to do it effectively, efficiently. But productivity, yes, we need to focus on. Of course, profitability, but we need to have a profit. However, those are the basic thing that without saying that we need to be a very, how do you say that? Managerially capable or responsible. However, as social entrepreneur, they understand they do not be, they do not focus only for productivity and for profitability only. They have a higher goal, higher purpose and higher interest they want to serve. And that is they were called for a special mission for the good governance or for the better governance and to resolve the social problems, okay? So social entrepreneur is a good social designer. They know how to create their own resources. It's a social reformer. They bring about the change that people is longing for. The society is longing for. And social entrepreneur is a social enabler. He is a positive, optimistic and always see the future. They don't get frustrated easily. And he has the hope to see and to wait. And several years later, probably we will be able to witness the fruits that we plant and the seeds, okay? So that's probably some of the concept that I would like to present to you as social entrepreneurship and social entrepreneur and social enterprise. Thank you. For most of my corridor, okay, when we say corridor, that means it is located in the basement of Fumosa MRT station. And there is a kind of a tunnel and that will connect in a different axis. And in this corridor, like we have several kinds of spaces or stalls that could be used for public or for commercial reason. For commercial purposes, okay? However, that when I was the president of the Open University of Kaohsiung, and we developed our idea how we can serve our citizen or our lifelong learner better. I would say subway station would be a very good, you know, suitable and accessible place for them to come because they can ride the MRT to come over and without any parking program and they will be able to come here to learn to meet with the people. So I will later on, I will take you to visit the Fumosa Mice Corridor. However, this is the first the space that we use even not only for learning for a meeting, but we provide assistance for social enterprise also. So, Agra Kaia, you know, for them, we are incubating them and they can come over here and this becomes a gathering place, a fellowship center for all the social enterprise or social enterprise related in activity. They come here to meet very easily. So within the MRT station, and you will be able to see, you know, some of the co-working place for social enterprise, okay? Okay, my dear friend, look at the tunnel here. Okay, did you see it? Okay, this is connected to the night market. Okay, the most famous night market in Kaohsiung, everybody wants to go there. Okay, so we have a lot of tourists during the night time, during the day time, that we have a passenger passing by, okay? But how you are going to do with low speed, how you are going to do with those shops, okay, those stores that are on both sides of this tunnel. If you look at the writer, we don't have that many of the writers, you know, especially during the night time. So if you have a shop here, you are losing money because you cannot generate too much of revenue. So the best use of the space within the MRT station is not for commercial purposes. That should be for something higher, better and related to become the feature of the city, okay? I think that's quite important. But if you want to have this kind of implementation, you want to implement. Because traditionally, lots of people look at MRT, that means all MRT must be a lot of ridership and consumer, so we can make money out of those in the rider or consumer. So we should have those in the store, into a commercial store for business. That might be the case in New York, that might be the case in Taipei, but that is not the case here in Kaohsiung. But if you look at ROI, return on investment, you would never, you would not be able to get the result that you want. But if you look at the ROI, social return on investment, you will get a lot, a lot, a lot of the results, remarkable results that influence the city, that provide benefit to the citizen, okay? For most of my corridor, we do not look at a lot from ROI perspective. We look at a lot from ROI perspective. So my corridor, we transform those store into the learning classroom, okay? Transform that into a meeting place. Transform that into the co-working place place for social enterprise, for learning, for co-working, for meeting. And do you know what happened? For those interminational visitors come over here, they just cannot believe that they will be able to find, for instance, the human rights learning studio, the human rights learning studio, learning studio within the MRT station, that just impossible in other country, okay, in other MRT system, okay? There is no way to do that, okay? And here, this was set up several years ago by the mayor of the Kaohsiung City, Chen Ju, and she would like to make Kaohsiung as a human rights city. So she asked me that when I was the president of the Open University, would I be able to set up a so-called human rights learning studio here in Kaohsiung? So let me tell you what, a lot of foreign when they come, a lot of foreign worker and they come, you know, they are seeking for foreign workers, human rights assistance. When those men in Chinese, when they come over here for the visiting, they are very surprised, you know, they are here to get the human rights information during their trip to Kaohsiung for the tourism, you know? For international scholars, when they come, they found, you know, there is no such thing in the other country that you can have a learning place, a learning classroom for human rights and within the most accessible MRT station. There is no way that you can find that. Because of those, what I just explained to you, not truly make the MRT in Kaohsiung so unique, so attractive. So I would say very self-revealing, okay? Of the city. If you only look at the ROI, you know, you will never create this kind of place, function within the MRT. But you need to look at it from social return on investment. Okay, look at this white collar piano. How it was in a place here. You know, there is a crazy idea, there was a crazy idea and that has been brought out, okay? And you look at the tomb of lies, you know, this is the most beautiful one, okay? This is within the MRT station and a very beautiful masterpiece of art here. And because it's a tomb, okay? And so if you're making some music or singing, you will have that very beautiful echo, okay? Yeah, like a concert and that would be great. So, you know, we have been walking here one day so I talked to the general manager of the MRT, okay? Actually, he is the general manager of the Taipei MRT right now. But back to seven years ago, he was the Gao Xiong MRT company's general manager, okay? Mr. Yan, okay? And he and me, we are good friends, crazy people. So I just suggest to him, I say, general manager Yan, do you mind if we can do one thing crazy together? And we put a piano here and let's see it if they fear they want to pray and they can come over here, not for performance, but for enjoyment, okay? Not for performance, but for enjoyment. And he say, why here? I say, because this is a tomb of lies, okay? You will make them fear they are the superstar playing the piano in a very war-class stage, okay? And people, when the passengers are passing through by, by riding the MRT, they will be able to stay and listen to that, okay? And let me tell you, this piano was placed here. But who is going to pay for that? That's the problem, okay? So I talked to, I went to a secondhand piano company, okay? They have a white one, like it was this one, okay? And then I asked the owner of that company over there, I say, do you mind put your white, you know, a grand piano within the MRT station and for most of the MRT station, do you know what they ask me? They say, who are you? I say, this is Professor Wu. He say, who gave you the authority to say that, okay? Now I say, no, nobody gave me the authority, like just a crazy idea that I have. If you say yes, you want to do that. And I think three of us, we can make it possible. The general manager of the Kaohsiung MRT station and me and then, and he say, yes, we are more than happy to do that, okay? And then they just move the piano here and then MRT company, they just make the stand over there, okay? And then it come true. If you look at the YouTube right now, so-called Formosa MRT station piano, you will find so many YouTube, they are making their own video, they are making their own concert, they are making their own dancing and singing around the piano all the time, you can see all the time. Okay, bounding together, bridging the interfaces and building the win-win situation for everybody. You make good things happen. Okay, this is, we are within Kaohsiung Formosa MRT station right now. We have two processes, okay? The first one is called City of Light. Okay, this was, these two office were set up by Guanmei Community Church, okay? And they provide these two places for youngster if they want to have a co-working place altogether, okay? So did you see this one? They have a small table in a four different group of people come over here. So this one turned out to be here, joint office of Formosa Boulevard Social Enterprise. Did you see that one? Did you see the sign over there? Okay, within the MRT station. That's right. This office, two of them, you know, were set up probably six or seven years ago, okay? By a church, actually it's at my church, okay? So I asked them if we can have these two, you know, a space, you know, rented and provide a good, more accessible and inexpensive co-working place for youngster, that would be great. I have never told you yet in the past, okay, no. But actually we are incubating so many in here. Okay, I should not say I'm a social entrepreneur, but actually I'm pretty sensitive. I'm implementing it. I'm a believer of luck, okay? You have a different value that you can create. But for us, social entrepreneur, we create the most doable, induable, sustainable, remarkable inference and impact result for our society.