 So, I want to share with you something that I made, actually I just downloaded it and printed it out, and it's really really cool in many different ways, and I'm sharing this with people at the maker fair in Singapore. So if you happen to walk by the hackerspace booth right in the middle of everywhere, you would see first of all Roland and his giant antennas communicating with everything, and right next to it you'd see a little microscope. Actually first you'd see Darren's microscope, which is about a yay bag, and he had this, I mean it was a proper microscope with a camera on top, and it was heavy enough that you could accidentally trip over and break your ankle, which is what you normally expect in a lab. So it was really cool to see it in the middle of a maker fair. That's my point. But also we have this thing, which came out of a 3D printer. So all I did to get up here and take some time to bore you is to print this out. But you can see it's kind of Frankensteinized, it's got bits and pieces that are made out of different colored filaments. It's probably now four different 3D printers that I've been playing with. So some of them have different, you'll see later on. Has anybody done 3D printing before? Yes, yes, yes. Has anybody never done a 3D print before? Okay. I can highly recommend playing around with this because you don't just wind up with like a keychain or a Yoda head, you wind up with something that is useful and possibly even productive and kind of cool. Anyway, so long story short, this is a microscope, even though it doesn't look like one, and it was made on a 3D printer. And if you want to send it to someone, if you want me to send it to you, I just need your email address and I'll send you the file. Thingiverse. Exactly. It is available on Thingiverse. I need Wi-Fi. I need Wi-Fi? No, no, I don't. It's fine. It's fine. It's fine. I have all these tabs open, and my tabs are my slides, okay? And then I'll show you this thing. What I want you to try, and I think I have enough time, is to see what this microscope actually does, and you can sit where you are and see it. So you will need your phones later on, and it's a bit of a test to see how many people can connect to a microscope at the same time. But first, this is what it is. It's called a water scope, and I have no affiliation with the company, apart from I think they're doing some really, really cool work. There is a business model behind it. It is, just to get this out of the way, because I know we are in Singapore, they do try and make money off of this by making kits. And the technology behind this, this is a general purpose instrument. They use the technology behind this, make a specific purpose instrument to build cartridges. And you buy these cartridges, you put a water sample in it, and shove it into a box, and it will tell you whether the water sample is contaminated or not. And it's designed for places that have just experienced some kind of disaster, and you're not really sure if your water supply is safe to consume. And because it's digital for the win, you can manufacture it locally. And what's really cool, what most people don't really consider when you think about something that is 3D printed, is not just that it's cheaper and digital, but it didn't employ children in its manufacture, in a factory somewhere. So it didn't have a mold, it didn't have a factory, it didn't have this whole process set up behind it. It wasn't made in batches, it wasn't put into a shipping container, it wasn't sent to a distribution center, it wasn't sent to a store, you didn't go and buy it. You made it where you needed it. So that carbon footprint is just like completely shortcut. So 3D printers are a very neat idea. And I hear they started in hack spaces. Coincidence? So Voloscope is a company that's trying to make these kits, and they're making money out of it. That's the business model. Don't ask me about business, I know nothing. So they're two different things. OpenFlexure is what the project was called. They did exactly what I did, is they went online, they found a microscope design, which has been there since before the Raspberry Pi was invented. And it was designed to use little webcams, you know those webcams, they used to stick on top of your monitor screen, it was designed to repurpose those. You'd stick a webcam in, and then you'd be able to focus on a specimen. You basically modify the lens, you reuse the lens, you'd be very hackery and cool about it. Take a $10 webcam and then turn it into something that was actually cool. But you still needed to plug it into a computer, USB cable or whatever, and plug it into your laptop and then see it. What these guys did was that they took this design, they shrunk it down a little bit, made it work with a Raspberry Pi. So what I'm going to show you later on is this working, but this is a Raspberry Pi. Who hasn't seen one before? Okay, good, excellent. So you know what the Pi is and it's not something that's edible, but equally delicious. So yeah, so this is the thing that they're developing. I haven't seen the business seed type thing yet, but the general purpose one is for everybody to download and use, and I suggest you play with it. There's a lot of different things you can do with it. Because it's open sourced, you can change the design. For example, here what I've done is I didn't like the fact that the light was so close to the specimen in this yellow thing. So there is a design or a version, sort of a branch on the GitHub where there's a longer leg, and you can just stick this in here like that. And now the distance is greater, and to make it work you can add a sort of condense and then some top. So it's bits and pieces that you can play with, right? You can print this on a different printer if you have to, or different filament, make it look cool. So later on, try it. Also, I've tried to do this with a Raspberry Pi Zero, which is smaller and cooler and cuter, I think, and it works. The first clever bit is that it's 3D printed. The second clever bit is that it uses a Raspberry Pi. The third clever bit is that it reuses the Pi camera and the Pi camera lens. So it doesn't use a special lens, it reuses the same lens. So what you do is you disconnect the lens and increase the distance between the sensor and the lens. What that allows you to do is focus on things that are very close. It reduces the focal length. And so that's what you have underneath. So inside this is where your camera goes. It gets watered in there. And so it's a little bit difficult to disconnect and take out the lens. So of course, there is a 3D printed tool that you can use to do that. It's part of the design. It's in there, okay. So this is the GitHub repository. Look for open flexor microscope. And there are a bunch of variations you can play around with. I highly recommend you to it. Moving along Raspberry Pi, available on 12 Geeks, quick plug. Also available on Citron in Ringgit, which makes you feel richer. Because when you convert this down, it seems really, really cheap. Get one of these and play around with it. Put this up here because it is a little bit delicate. When you separate the camera from the board, like that, this is good. I did not break this. I had a heart attack the first time I did that. So you put this into the little jig and then remove the lens. You modify it and then you put it back in. Problem with this, though, is every time I stick it in there, it gets disconnected. So I'm still trying to solve that problem. So if you have ideas, you're free to jump it. But yes, this is very hackable. So I recommend getting this. The price in this, I don't know why it's so expensive. This is version two, which is 8 megapixels. You don't really need it. This is version one. It's like half the price and it's 5 megapixels. It does a good job. So running out of time, try it. Oh, sorry. Jumping ahead. Try it. It's already got time. It's like 8.21. OK. Thank you. So in order to try this, and it's a bit of an experiment, I haven't tried it with so many people in the room before. But before you do this, I'm going to try it on the screen. OK? Sure. What is called pi as a Wi-Fi hotspot? So what this thing is doing, the Raspberry Pi is doing, is it's creating a tiny little Wi-Fi hotspot that you can connect to. Because you can't look at the specimen unless you connect to it. And so you connect to it this way. I'm not going to tell you the password yet. I'm confident. OK. All right. OK. So I have here a slide of something. I don't know what this is. I think Darren is the scientist he'll be able to tell you, hopefully. But something green on the middle of a slide. That's right specific? Yes. Jump into the science any time. All right. What do you see? That's what it is. OK. So you use the toggle to focus. There you go. Also, you can just tap on the thing in the middle and it'll make it full screen, which is great. And now we can focus all the way. Oops. Going the wrong way now. OK. Well, this is I think the biggest I've seen this particular thing. Does anybody want to guess what this is before Darren tells you that you're wrong? It's a leaf. It's a leaf? Yes. Well done. Who said that? I don't have sweets, but I will. You win points. All right. And apparently I think this is where leaves breathe. Is that right? It's a little like... Stomata. Yes. These are stomata I have just learned. This is how leaves breathe. I have completely forgotten. All right. Try it. So do you see water scope pie as a list? Yes. So the password is water scope. Not microscope, but water scope. All right. As soon as you're in, tap on the thing and see. You should be able to see exactly what I'm seeing on the screen. And it's getting like you're already. Yeah. Then the zero, the zero one. You're seeing it? Well, you're recording. You're definitely seeing it. Yes. Yes. You're seeing it. And so you can just hold it up. So it live updates. Doesn't it? This is excellent. It's actually working. Yeah, it's working. Gabriel's got it as well. So imagine this in a classroom setting. Yeah. Where you have one instrument and everybody else is staring at their phones anyway. I suppose you want something interesting. Okay. Excellent. Cool. Okay. One last thing before I am done bugging you with my voice. I am now looking for a tardigrade. So if anybody can help me find one, that would be most grateful. That's what a tardigrade is. A water bear. It is the most adorable thing ever. And I've been looking for it in water samples. Oh crap, I'm not connected to the internet anymore. I'm connected to the water. Okay. Yeah. Anyway. So look for YouTube videos and you will find a tiny little microscopic creature. I have learned from a scientist that this microscope is high magnification enough to be able to observe when using what you've seen. And so I needed to find one. And I've been looking at samples. And I haven't found one yet. Until today. So yeah, I got sick and tired of looking at tiny little drops of water because I have no idea what I'm doing half the time. I have no scientific rigor. But I am able to reprint now. So, ta-da. I love this. It's beautiful. All right. Any questions? Anybody who knows this slide? Yes. Yes. Yes. Can you tell us about the awesome mechanism to move this slide? Use your fingers. It's digital. No, that is an excellent question. So the clever bit is in the design of the open-flexure microscope. So this is a failed print. Thanks to Hassan as you hear now. The bottom of this microscope, this is like the bottom slice, is designed to use the flexibility of the PLA. So these are flexible. You've got three legs that are flexible. Yes. And each one of these is connected to one of these screws. And so when you press the screws, the table where you put your specimen actually moves. And so that's what's happening. When you move the screw here, it's moving in one direction. This is left and right. Move the screw here. It's moving up and down. So, you know, you've got two axes of movement. And I've been told that this is surprisingly precise for something that came out of a freaking 3D printer. You normally use something that is like a proper lab scale microscope that you need to protect in the basement of an air-conditioned building which requires like wireless passes just to get into. But this you can, you know, have in any classroom. And if you break it, just 3D printer, another one. And this is five megabits. The camera is five megabits. Oh, wait, there's more. Because this is digital, you can take pictures. Look. I took a picture. And now you can see all of the pictures that are taken before stored on the microscope. So even if you don't have a specimen to see or to observe, you can always just recall back everything else that was in there. Is that a cockroach like the second one? Good guess. But no, it's a tiny little ant. I can't go just so. Is it dead? What it is now. It's harder. It's easier to observe tiny little creatures when they're dead. The name was back. You can see back to your colonies. I think this is one of them. Individual cells? No, not individuals. I would actually, that's kind of how I wound up in this strange world of I don't know what I'm doing. Because I'm a geek. I have no idea what science is and what cells are. But yeah, I wanted to try and find bacterial cells. And I was hoping that, you know, I would stick it in there and see all the bacteria I wanted to see in the world. But turns out you have to get them to colonize first. And I'm Indian so I know nothing about colony. Common vacuum. What was that question? Okay, yeah. I did observe. You can also take video. Look. What's your opinion? Yes. I practice in front of a mirror every day. Look at that. You can see it again. I have no idea what that is. Do you want to see it again? Okay, let's see it again. It's a water sample. It was in a water plant. A plant pot. Oh my God. It was in water. And what was that? That's, I don't know, some sort of fibrous, I don't know, could have been mycelium. I don't know. It does might. It might be a dust mite. So there are no, there are no scientists in the room. So the best guess for what that little thing is running around is a rotifer. I've been told that rotifers are in everything. I don't know what a rotifer is. You'll have to look at the speed of that one. But they are, they move and you can take videos of them using this. Oh, also, since this is hackware, I have a little meter here that is showing you how much energy or power this thing is consuming. Is it upside down? No, it's not. Okay. So five volts because power bank. Coolest thing has ever invented. And it's using about 2.8 watts, three watts. It's hovering around that. And this is in spite of all of you guys being connected to it. So I think three watts for this thing. 3B. 3B. Not the plus. So this is still stuck on 32 bits. I haven't measured what it does with the Pi Zero yet. And I haven't measured how many people can connect to it. That will be a fun experiment. Anything else? Daring one iron thing? The feathers. The feathers? Oh my God, no. I don't have that sample unfortunately, but we discovered this. You saved the pictures, right? On this one, no. It's on the other one. It's on 3B plus? Unfortunately. I've got two microphones. No, this one creates its own hotspot. The other one connects to my own Wi-Fi. So I didn't want to share my own Wi-Fi password with you. Sorry. Let it never be said that half-way doesn't have weird audiences. Valid point. But 32-bit, 64-bit, not sure. But yeah, no, you can't just walk around. Can it be made cheaper? Well, okay, look. Yes, I think so. I think it has to do with the camera. The camera is quite expensive. But the Raspberry Pi, you can drop down to a Pi Zero and it will still work. If you replace this with maybe a USB webcam, you might be able to reduce it even further. But it's just a Pi and 100 grams worth of 3D print. That's it. That's all there is to it. Pi and the camera. But for other countries that cost more than $40,000 or $50,000, that's the most expensive. Yes and no. You're saying you're considering the Raspberry Pi as part of the thing, right? I mean, let's say it's trying to bring it to the local area. Well, yeah, I mean, if you do lots of these, then yeah. It's totally doable. Always, yes. The mass produced ones are best. If you can get your hands on that, then you don't do this. Yes. You use that a lot, don't you? Forever. Thank you. Check in your ear. Next hack where? One more time. Yeah. Yes. Is there any hack to make it magnified more? Yes. So on the GitHub repository, there is a lot of documentation. Recently, they've added the water scope stuff. So they've made a comparison across different cameras. So the 5 megapixel one seems to be the highest magnification that you get out of the box. As in if you reuse the same lens that focuses the image onto the sensor. If you look at the other designs, they were designed specifically to reuse the sort of lenses that you normally screw onto a microscope, like one of those lab microscopes. So if you happen to have one of those and spare ones lying around that you want to observe digitally, you can always print that version. It's just bigger. It has a bigger space at the bottom, a cavity, which lets you plug it in. So you re-purpose what you already have to get whatever magnification you need. It doesn't have a light source, right? You can never get back by it? Yes. So this thing has a light source. So the little LED is also powered by the Raspberry Pi, which is also kind of cool. But it's a little LED, so you can put a little cell there and get rid of the extra cable. But the Pi is powered in the LED. This particular one has a head for an LED on one side and a condenser lens on the other side. Is that what it's called? I don't know. I think that's what I read. But it looked cool, so I downloaded it. I don't have a condenser lens.