 This video explains how to include e-books in both your notes and bibliography according to the 16th edition of the Chicago Manual of Style. How you cite an e-book will depend on whether you accessed it online, like through the library, for example, or if you downloaded the file to your own personal device, and what to do if there aren't any page numbers or place of publication information. In these examples, punctuation is in red for emphasis. In your actual paper, all font would be black. You cite an e-book the same way you would cite a print book, with one major difference. If you accessed the book online, you need to include the DOI number or the URL. The DOI is the digital object identifier. Some e-books you accessed through the library may have a DOI. For example, this e-book from SpringerLink displays a DOI number in the e-book's record. If the e-book has a DOI number, you would enter it at the end of the citation, after the page number. If there isn't a DOI number available, copy and paste the URL for that e-book. Make sure it isn't hyperlinked or underlined. In your bibliography, put the author's last name first. There are also differences in punctuation. In some places where you used a comma in the note, you use a period in the bibliography, and there are no brackets around the publication information. In your bibliography, the first line of each citation is a line left, and the following lines are indented. Next, we'll look at what to do for e-books you downloaded to your computer, e-book reader, or other personal device. In this case, you would include the format of the e-book you used. For an e-book downloaded from the library, or a free e-book downloaded from the internet, you would use PDF e-book, or EPUB e-book. For a purchased e-book, the format might be included, Kobo Edition, or Microsoft Reader e-book. Here is a completed note. Notice the format goes before the page number. What do you do if the e-book doesn't have page numbers, or if there isn't a place of publication? If you don't have page numbers, include the chapter number, or this section heading it's under. Remember, just like with page numbers, if you are using a URL, this information goes before the URL. If you downloaded the e-book, this information goes after the format. E-books may not have a physical city of publication. In this case, use the abbreviation NP for no place. Where do you find the information you need to cite an e-book? E-books will have a title page, just like a print book, where you can normally find all the information you need. E-book providers will also include that information. You can also look up a library e-book in the library catalog. All of the information will be listed there, too. For more information about citing books, including editions, edited books, and individual essays or chapters, check out our video, Chicago Notes Bibliography Style, How to Site Books, or visit the Munn Libraries website for our Chicago Style Guide and to chat live with library staff. Thanks for watching.