 Dear students, in this topic, we shall discuss the glomerular filtration rate. The glomerular filtration rate or GFR is the amount of filtrate produced by the kidneys each minute or minute may get not filtrate kidneys produced. Is a home glomerular filtration rate. First, we shall discuss some general features of glomerular filtration rate. The filtration surface of each kidney is enormous. It is about 6 meter square area. Through this surface, the filtration by each kidney is about 125 millilitre per minute. This means that about 10% of the blood volume that enters each kidney through renal arteries is removed as filtrate by the glomeruli. This high rate causes about 180 liters of filtrate which is 70 times more than the total blood plasma or blood volume. This blood body is not able to tolerate the loss of fluids from the body in such a large scale. This is why reabsorption phenomena is also present, this is why renal tubules reabsorb about 99% of the filtrate when it passes through the renal tubules. Other students now we shall discuss the factors affecting the GFR. It depends on net filtration pressure across the glomerular capillaries. Any factor which alters this net filtration pressure alters the GFR. The most significant factor which affects GFR is a drop in renal blood pressure. If glomerular blood pressure falls by 20%, that is from 50 mmHg to 40 mmHg, the kidney filtration process ceases because the net pressure difference becomes zero. So kidneys are most sensitive organs to changes in blood pressure than any other organ of the body. Some clinical features or conditions cause a dangerous decline in glomerular filtration rate and lead to acute renal failure. These include hemorrhaging, shock and dehydration. These students now we shall discuss the importance of glomerular filtration rate. It is the vital first step for all other kidney functions. Filtration hogi to baaki ke tamam kaam honge, reabsorption hogi, excretion of waste substances hogi, is ke lawa pH maintenance hogi, yeh sab kuch filtration paa depend katta hai. Agar filtration nahi hoti to waste substances are not excreted and pH control is lost. Here students now we shall discuss the mechanisms for control of glomerular filtration rate. Baah sare regulatory mechanisms hai jo ke ensure katte hain ke GFR apne normal limits me rahe. Isme 3 major interacting levels hai jo ke GFR ko control katte hain aur stabilize katte hain. Isme auto regulation bhi hai, isme hormonal regulation bhi hai aur isme autonomic regulation bhi hai. Auto regulation involves changes in the diameter of afferent arterioles, efferent arterioles and of glomerular capillaries jo ke blood flow aur blood pressure ko main denak sakti hai within the glomerulus. Hormonal regulation is initiated by the kidneys themselves through the renin and utensin, aldosterone system and arterial natriuretic peptides. The autonomic regulation occurs by the sympathetic division of autonomic nervous system.