 Good evening to you all, I am Vijay and I am handling the psychology. In the GS I am also handling environment part for the prelims point of view. So we are going to have a small demo on psychology so that you can decide, so whether the subject will be suitable for you. So how we will see is first we will try to see psychology as a optional subject. So what is the psychology? We will let us understand psychology as a subject, what is the subject matter of the subject and then we will try to see psychology from the UPC point of view. So what are the syllabus? So how the UPC approach on psychology we will try to see and the third one we will try to see how we will take the program. So it is a 5 months program it will be. So what we will be dealing in the optional classes, what are the materials we will be dealing and even after the prelims when you come for the main series, so how our program will be. So we will try to see and then finally for a doubt clearing session completely whatever the doubts you have you can do it. And for the online students anyway my chat box is open if you have any doubts you can post it. So finally if you want to talk also we can have a discussion, okay. So psychology, so before that so how many of your engineers, okay good. So how many of you from arts background, pure arts background, okay, pure science background, pure science from BSE, MSC and Mary, okay good fine. Any other like law, charter accountancy, any other courses, any other MDA, other courses, good fine, yes, sorry. So you can see some pictures, so you can see a sportsman, you can see Hitler. So you can see one boy who goes to a doctor, still today many has a fear for taking injection, still they have anxiety to see a doctor and you can see the aggressive behavior, even you can see a terrorism and they can also see Gandhi picture. So there is one connecting factor, the connecting factor is behavior. So psychology is study about behaviors, so every behavior. So for example, so you take morning, so what you do morning you do all your basic activities then you come for the class then you go back. So see watch movie or read and then sleep. So it's a behavior, alright. So psychology is a study of behavior. You can see some extremes of behavior, people can you tell me the Usain Bolt and the sportsman, so what is the unique thing you find in him, the unique can you find in Usain Bolt? Perseverance, alright, achievement motivation, okay and the Vida Muirchi, why this person has got it by the question and you can see Gandhi. So Gandhi, you just see Gandhi's appearance is a very normal appearance and he does not have any money. For the education, you know he is not a very exceptional education actor, but despite of that Gandhi when he gave a call across the nation, everyone came for it. Gandhi is an exceptional leader, today we have many leaders and the leaders, they come by the political power or money power, but Gandhi has come through the personal power that is something personality, alright. So in him, now personality, in him, now personality, now you see Hitler, see Hitler is able to govern the entire German, but you know and also he has a very aggressive behavior and the racial attitude, okay, why Hitler has got it and you can see this, this, this terrorist. If you take a terrorist, whether terrorist is psychopath, not a terrorist in buggering, so on the psychological, do you have, do they have any problem, may not be. But why such an aggressive attitude, they have, so what made, is a normal person, what made him to, you know, take the gun and fire at the, you know, thousands and thousands of people. So ultimate up Athena, it is all personality and behavior. Now in psychology, we try to understand why this behavior comes, whether it can be a very normal behavior. So even a studying behavioral, any type of a behavior only, we try to study in the psychology, but we study in a very systematic way. If you see, here there are some questions, psychology tries to answer why some are shy, why some are talkative. So, some people will be very talkative, that is very extrovert. So they want to be with friends, but some people will be very shy, will be very reserved. So what makes a person to be shy, what makes a person to be introverted or extroverted, and what is the characteristics? When you see the person, you know, when he's a shy, definitely you can tell, these are the characteristics he has. When he's a very extrovert, these are the characteristics they have. So what you can answer, once you study a psychology, you will be able to answer why a person is like this, why a person behave in this manner. So again, if someone says something bad about me, why I obsess for a long time, why I obsess now, I think for some people it happens, for some people they don't bother. Whatever happens just like that, they keep on moving on, and if anyone happens to them for two days or three days, nine o'clock sleep, I am right. So that is something called obsession. So why it happens to them, so you can get an answer from the psychology. Okay, so this is related to our education, why people cannot sit and study for a long time. This is very important for our UPSC, UPSC now, what we need is to, we need to sit and study for a long stretch, along the some people what they do is they will be roaming or one over body partner, then they will go, then they will stand, then they will roam. So they will try to why they are not able to sit, what makes them. So you can find some answer from psychology and why forgetting happens. Okay, again related to education psychology, okay, why honor killing? So honor killing, I am right, Gaurav Kallai. So what is that? See the father and mother, they brings up the child for 21, 22 years with all the affection, just for the sake of caste, they are even ready to kill their child. So what makes them on the social context, that is something prejudiced and discrimination. So why and honor killing happens? What makes that particular community or what makes that particular parents to kill their own child or daughter or son, just for the sake of caste? Why they cannot give up the caste, why cannot they cannot give up the religion? Okay, how people could crime, sorry, commit such a in him and crime like Nirbhaya case. So probably Nirbhaya Delhi case is a little bit bigger. So in that you can see adolescents probably 17 years, of course, he is before 18 years, he is the one has done the, of course, the greatest crime. So why? So, when you see that, probably it is a rape, but actually it is not a rape. So rape, it's not only related to sexual, it is something and aggression on the women actually. So this is one and why advertisement use attractive models. So today you see a lot of other. So you can see different dimension, I'm just taking this different questions from different dimension. So for all this, we can try to find out some answer from psychology. So psychology Abhina, it's about behavior, we try to study about behavior. We try to study why that particular behavior happens. So what is the reason for that behavior? So based on that, we try to understand how this particular person will behave in the future. So either the broader, we try to understand about psychology. So now what is the formal definition? Psychology is a study of human behavior and mental process in the rendered term circle. There are here, there are two terms. So one is human behavior. So when I say human behavior, it is a word behavior, external behavior. Now you come and sit here in the class. This is the external behavior. So what is the reason you want to know about psychology, you want to know how the psychology subject will be, how the faculty will teach, so other government will be there. So that is something called mental process, will the mind know what it is all right? So we need to know both external behavior and we should also know the external behavior. At the same time, we should also know what is running inside the mind. So either what is running inside the mind that is called internal mental process. An internal mental process, 100% we cannot find out, but tentatively we can guess what is running inside their mind. So now the psychology, psychology is a study of overt behavior and internal process. So when you see overt behavior, it can be any type of a behavior, aggressive behavior, gossiping behavior. So whatever the behaviors, whatever I said, that at all comes under even a smoking behavior. So all overt behavior, you see it, you observe it. So then you try to use your psychology and try to tell. Then there is something called internal mental process. Here you have feelings, you have thoughts. So within that we have love, sex, anger, depression, this and all memories, this and all something you cannot see it, which is inside. Yes, we are trying to study that also of a psychology into a subject layer. So when you see the general psychology, the 12-14 chapters, the chapters in all the chapters you will find, we will try to understand about the overt behavior, all the external behavior and also internal mental process. So that is what if you see the syllabus, you see motivation, emotion, learning, memory. So otherwise some of the chapters will be dedicated for the internal mental process. Some of the chapter, if you take emotions and all, even external emotions are popular, but sometimes some people externally they cover up their emotion. So internally you can also understand. This is what we try to study in the psychology. Ultimately what you are going to study Abhinna. So we are trying to understand behaviors, external behavior as well as internal mental process. Ultimately you will try to tell. When you observe someone, you try to tell what type of behavior it is. And the behavior, what behavior? So it's like a Gandhi behavior or it can be a Nazi, your Hitler behavior. It can be a sportsman behavior. It can be a criminal behavior. It can be a terrorist behavior or normal, even your parents, your father. Sometimes your father may be very strict. Sometimes your father may be very liberal. So some fathers are very strict. Some fathers are very liberal. Some mothers are very strict. Some mothers are very liberal. Any behavior, a small behavior or even it can be a small behavior. It can be a very largest behavior. So what is the reason for the? what is the type of behavior and the behavior in the category like Kuntu Varla. What is the type of behavior that we are going to see? And then second, that we need to expand the reason for the behavior. Why that behavior happens? Why this person behaves in this way? What makes Gandhi to be in that way? So why he took certain principle and he stick on to the principle till the end which which normal people cannot do it. That is the reason Gandhi is still, you know Gandhi is not a normal person. So it's not so easy to become like a Gandhi, am I right? So Hitler is not a normal person. So he is an exceptional, whether good or bad in other words, the personality, the behavior is totally exceptional. So we try to understand what is the reason for the behavior. Once you understand that, then we can do how this person will react in the future, you know putting out the power. So that is what predict how they will react in the future. And then if it is a desirable behavior, it's a good behavior, okay we can leave it. If it is a bad behavior, undesirable behavior, now change the behavior and mental process, okay. So the habits are okay. So suppose someone will have a drug behavior, that is undesirable behavior. Yes, through psychology we try to change it. So some people will not go for the job at all, or they will go for a job, they will stay, they will be staying the job for two, three months at a time, then they go for next job, they will come out, they go for next job, they will come out. So they will get married, divorce come out, they will get married, they divorce come out. So this is something they have a problem in the behavior. So other one do we try to understand and we try to change that behavior, we try to change that mental process. So other one do a good mental process or good behavior skill, we are trying to change it. This is what we are doing it, okay. How we are going to do this Abhinna, that is a systematic way. So psychology is a one scientific subject. So you probably would have read some psychology books, outside books, so how to read mind. And so that and all is not part of our syllabus, our syllabus is a very systematic. If I, how you are going to study sociology, how you are going to study anthropology, like that only you are going to study psychology. So when you come to a psychology, we have certain schools of thought. You can see that the entire psychology, the paper one and paper two revolves only on this four schools of thought is a major. The one is the psychodynamic perspective, which is a Sigmund Freud, Sigmund Freud and his followers. So how would a perspective, they say how a psychologist has to study the behavior. Avanguandu, they tell what is the reason for a particular behavior. So how to study it, how to predict it, they have their own view, they have their own method. So that is one. Number two is behaviorist behaviorism perspective. So which comes like Skinner and other. So they have their own view. Number three is cognitive. Today this is what more dominating, cognitive now it is a internal mental process. So the fourth one is humanistic called Rujas. The entire psychology pathina, if you get into all the chapter, only this four perspective will be there. Some chapter will have two perspective learning or chapter that learning chapter will have only mostly behaviorist perspective, cognitive perspective. If you come to personality chapter, personality is a very, that is a crux chapter where all the four perspective will be there. So when we study psychology, when we write psychology, we have to write only under this perspective. So if you go to all the social sciences like anthropology, sociology, everything, definitely there will be some sort of thought down, political science. You have to write only under the school of thought. You cannot write our own. See, we will have our own experience other than that because the reason is it may not be scientific. Because they have done some studies and they have done some systematic method based on that they have found something that is what they have given to us. Now what we are going to do is, we are going to take it, we are going to do it. So it is not a very big thing. A rambuchar, simple as the first day of our class, introduction to psychology itself I am going to teach what is the four perspective, that time itself we will get it. Once you are very clear in this four perspective, I will say that 30 to 40 percent of your chapter is 30 to 40 percent of your syllabus is over, subject knowledge is over. The rest of the one the individual chapter wise certain specific aspects are that is what you have to see it. So ultimately we are going to see only the four perspective. Apart from that one more perspective is there, that is social psychology perspective. Actually social psychology perspective again it is also derived from the other three four perspectives. I will not say it is a new perspective. So broader in the four perspectives the entire psychology chapters we are going to see it. And apart from this one more perspective is there, biological medical perspective that we are not going to do. This is purely for the doctors, doctors because you know that in the MBBS that is in the doctor you have one doctor psychiatrist, am I right? They only study about the medical. So we are not going to get into the medical part, the other part. So we are going to only see this three part that is the four parts. In this four schools of thought only we are going to see it, okay. Now so generally I have given what is psychology subject. So what is it? It is nothing but understanding the behavior. We try to understand the behavior. We try to tell what is the type of a behavior. What is the reason for it? We try to you know predict how the person will behave and we try to change. Is it not Pundra? Under this four perspective, under this four perspective we are going to do it. Now just in the psychology subject, so from the especially from the UPC point of view we have to see, first thing that is this is a basic doubt many students have. So many people think that psychology in term, many people it is giving an impression it is something related to medical or something. Please understand psychology it is coming under the social sciences. So right now it has only the status of social sciences now. So it is it is not a very pure science. It does not have the status of physics chemistry or botany or zoology, medical science under status because the reason is many think we are going to only because when we talk about mind abhinam bodhi we cannot be very because mind, enverka mind, where is mind? It is very difficult to prove. So in that sense it is not as it is not a pure science it is a social science. So many people many many are engineers they have a doubt especially for the freshers. So whether I can take psychology you have to keep in mind psychology anyone can take it because if you see MSc psychology you want to apply for MSc psychology. You want to apply for MSc zoology MSc botany or MA economics you just go to the University of Madras or something you see the qualification. MSc psychology the qualification is Eni graduation of Uttar Pradesh. Madras if you take MA economics they will ask BA economics when you take MSc botany they will say BA sorry BSc botany zoology but psychology basically it is a general subject. So even if you want to pursue a MSc also there is no need for any prior graduation. So anyone can take because if you see the nature of the subject when you get into it you will understand it is more of a social sciences, social sciences, behavioral sciences. Number two it does not need any specific background as I told you. So whether you are a BA English literature or Tamil literature you come from BSc you come from any other back engineering background or any other law background does not matter. So when you see you can see that and actually our student who were clears most of them are engineers now. So it does not need any specific background suppose some people will BSc psychology background go wrong that they will have some advantage that is all. So no need for any specific background no need for any prior learning to have an I was saying today because when you enter into one or two chapters itself you come to know that it will be more of a social sciences now and so it has less biological basis why I am saying this is when you take a formal psychology normally when people study about BSc psychology and all at least they will try to study about brain at least one chapter will be on brain-brain parts but in our UPC syllabus even that also is not there even we are not going to even though we study psychology in mind we are not going to study anything about brain. So brain-brain parts now we are not going to deal we are directly going to get into introduction directly see various chapters now. So we are not going to deal with any brain or brain parts and all but only one or two chapter like emotions and all one or two brain parts will deal for example emotional intelligence that is something a topic that is something called amygdala and the very one or two you know brain parts in one or two chapters we will see by and large we will not have any biological basis. So if you whether you need any biology and now no you don't need any biology we don't want you don't want any physiology so bodily parts so or any other brain parts so or any other you know biochemistry nothing is needed it is more of a social sciences ok it is one of the popular subject and it is easy to understand law ok ah this is very important yes it has immense application ok scoring type of a immense application ah if you see the application it has a wide range of application law because I will say psychology is more of a mother subject especially for HR HR you know human resources human resources MBA Lombardina many concepts whatever they study in HR reward system today HR Lombardina they in companies and all they talk about reward system even administrative you are talking about so in that line if you see you will find lot of application administration so even if I want the Russia so Russia Ukraine issue I am not in a mind now so why why put in has to get it sometimes they told put in has got some psychological problems was wrong so the reason is something you know fear fear result so if you see application you will find a very wide range of application so if you see that that is what real time we will try to connect when you get into each and every chapter definite of start from learning chapter memory chapter and all you will find some real time application your daily life application you will find so in terms of social management HR administration so everywhere whether you take a criminal police everywhere definitely psychology can be connected ok it is more of a practical but has theoretical base that is very important so all may be practical it is it is more practical now it is a subject is a more practical because psychology if you don't apply there is nothing on email subject like it does not have ok so it's more practical but theoretical this theoretical based now that four schools of thought am I right so I don't know the psycho dynamism on the four schools of thought watch the we are going to study ok then anything so I already as I told you we are going to study psychology from the schools of thought that four schools of thought only we are going to see we are going to study from that perspective see our personal experience other that and all you cannot write it because that is what I want to tell ok probably you would have read some Murphy books or any other books purchasing a how to read our unconscious mind the last one there that and all you cannot write it we have to be whatever the book says whatever the perspective says without only we have to write so we study a very systematic psychology we understand the behavior in a systematic manners ok and it will have its terms so every chapters they will have their own terms which can be easily explanatory now it's self explanatory so most of the time those terms are important you know normally when you come to the social sciences like sociology or this and all you cannot write gender law gender law either or not you there are certain terms social you know there is a sociological term psychology or psychological term the terms we have to use it so normally that is which all the terms are self explanatory now ok as well as I told you it's a scientific study scientific study now normally you will find some experiments small experiments and case studies social psychology we talk about attitude and rate attitude changes so definitely some sort of a studies will be there back at my studies or some small experiments are not a big experiment physical experiment it is small experiments you will find so that in some chapters you will find which has to be supported so this is what generally about psychology ok and again finally I want to tell it does not deal with any pseudo psychology any pseudo psychology now ok after studying this ok whether when I see some person can I infer something ok nothing we can do it ok it is a subject we can do it some people they study MSc then they go for higher studies they systematically they do some clinical psychology and marry some professions of that but our part just to clear this exam all right so ultimately our objective is not to become a psychologist ok whatever you study after you get into service you are not going yes you will be applying it but you are not going to talk with this ultimately out of some 2022 optional we have to choose one optional then the optional choice should be based on our interest all that is what always a criteria so optional choice should not be based on anything else it should be based only on your interest in and now every optional have their own challenges you have to stick on to the subject for 4 to 5 months time ok so and the 4 to 5 months time how can you stick on you should have interest ok and the class is one or interest one GS only anyway it is something other other frequency there go ok GS you cannot satisfy GS at all even if you didn't study for 60 years also you cannot you cannot find any perfection but option is different because when you take a GS paper it is something corrected by any professor but optional paper every option paper the question is set by the particular professor that it is corrected by the particular lecturer or someone so definitely it is a subject so that is a reason there is a lot of difference between GS and optional whenever we choose our optional we have to see that whether this optional whether it creates interesting so that you will sit more you will study more when it's because it's a competitive exam you have to understand when you automatically when you have an interest automatically you study well automatically you perform well you get more marks so that is a only way that is a only way to choose your option whichever option you choose for it ok ok see so as a chapters wise Abdul Badina we will have some around 14 chapters so broadly in that some around 10 chapters are very important chapters most of the time the questions will be focusing on the 10 chapters so I will just give a small view so first chapter will be introduction introduction to psychology so in that we will try to understand how the psychology got evolved and then we will try to understand the four perspective again the four perspective had a basics fundamental we will try to see it then there is a chapter called methods and research methods so basically in this chapter we try to understand if I anyone conducts a research how they conduct a research so what is a star what is the starting stage how it ends so normally few questions only is being asked from this area number three development of human behavior are here when a child is born till their death so what are the different stages for example right now you are in the young adulthood right you probably you will be the team so from the team you have come to the young adulthood so in the young adulthood there are certain expectation from the society there are certain development tasks development task by this time you have to go for a job first you have to try to find out a job you have to go for a job then you should get married then you should have a children either the society is expecting from you this is what we call development task is a panel abinah suppose you say that you will not get married then what happened so relatives parents along they will start putting a pressure this is culture this is our culture so this is what so when you come to 40 45 years yes there are certain development when you come to the age for 60 years what you have to do you have to adjust to that because that time your body also goes off you will not have any money you will not have any job just like that you need to adjust to that your body adjust to the society adjust to the family you have to do so either the development of human behavior so you know that we are not going to see the biological development we are going to see only the social development more focus on the social development then comes sensation attention perception so normally how our attention process happened so when you see something how do you perceive that's called the sensation perception then comes the learning chapter learning chapter on the this is very important learning or not book reading this is some whatever now you come to the class I will say it's a learning you go back you sit and eat that is also learning so in our life we are nothing but a programmed animal that's what I will say so we are going to study about learning and then second next seven chapter is memory process so memory process again we are not going to see biological we are going to see psychological so basically our memory we have three system so whatever you see whatever here that is called sensory memory so from there it goes inside there is something called short term memory okay and then it goes on long-term memory so three memory system we have we are going to see what is the three memory system how the memory system works then comes thinking and problem solving this is cognitive internal number the thinking process how it happens how the thought process happens and then how do you solve problems all night it's not a mathematical problem it is our real-time problem whenever you face a problem how do you solve your real-time problem and within the chapter it's a very broad chapter within that also we have decision-making okay even you see optionals different optionals you will see a demo finally you will take a decision what is involved in a decision-making normal decision-making many people will do fallacy fallacy now errors one longer so we will try to understand what are the different types of errors people will do in a decision-making then creativity or elements is a good chapter thinking problem solving and the creativity and decision-making then comes motivation emotion motivation is a very nice chapter so right now you after your graduation so all the way I come for the civil service I'm right so you'll be prepared for next two years to prefer for civil service so but you know you could have also gone for a job job with a pair club okay even you would have gone through your campus probably would have got a campus you would have left the campus or probably you could have tried some job but despite of that you come and sit here you know what motivates you what is the reason that you have to come for here what is that what is making you so here through the perspective we can understand what is the real intention you have really whether you want to do service to the society or whether you want power personal power so the people are going on a powerful or no so when you say I want to be more powerful now up from the childhood we have some inferiority complex you know the inferiority complex in detail that I'm right so in order to compensate the inferiority complex only some people will say that I want more power so we are trying to understand what motivates everything what is the motivation and emotion so how we experience emotion so what are the different types of emotions we experience then comes the next chapter intelligence intelligence is a very it's a little theoretical chapter so it's a little very difficult to define intelligence normal IQ we talk about but here in this chapter intelligence is something we say that how you understand the world how you prepare yourselves to adjust to the world and how you adapt and succeed in the world that is what we are going to see in this chapter intelligence if I want to Gandhi I will say Gandhi is intelligent but if you go and give a IQ test probably Gandhi will be scoring only 100 or 100 upon what Gandhi intelligence has got I will say that what Gandhi has got a practical intelligence you know how to deal the people so the people intelligence circle some people will be mathematically good some people will be scientists so intelligence over and over mark so everyone will have different type of intelligence so we are going to see because once upon a time we thought that intelligence now the person who gets high mark in the school school on the first rank your teacher will tell this boy is always intelligent boy that is not intelligent at all actually so once upon a time we thought that as intelligent no because we found that there are some people who score very high marks in their schools colleges along but real-time life lab when they get into a job or when they get into any other corporate or government job they will not be able to succeed so now so even you see any any even cat exam cat exam let top 100 percent a lot of people even is exam you top one over suppose you see that in IA's exam the person rank one who has got top one so he should be a top performer in the job whether it is like that maybe may not be I will not say may not maybe may not be so rank one suppose in this year a person has got rank one so he become an IA's in one particular state so according to the your theory if it's a rank one now he should be the top most performer he is a top most IA's performer in that particular state but whether it is like that no so lot of difference between academic intelligence and practical intelligence this is what we are going to see it and then the 11th chapter is a trust chapter personality this is what it's I will say it's a convergence of all the chapters so in given the we are trying to understand what type of a person we are so what makes personality so whether you can be emotionally very sensitive person or you can be a very very shy person so we're gonna try it's overcome right so if I ask you what type of a person you will tell I'm of this type of a person what why it happens yeah and also some will be desirable some will be very undesirable so we need to change the undesirable that we are going to see in this chapter and then the next chapter is attitude chapter so you know what is attitude so attitude is something you create a you know evaluation of our world I'm right attitude under the so there is a lot of difference between attitude and behavior behavior into the external attitude to the one that I'm right sometimes they say so by this time you'd have got attitude suppose how many of you like iPhone so some people will say yes I like iPhone how many of you don't like iPhone some will say I don't like iPhone I will say it's an attitude by this time you'd have got attitude towards a political party so we have different VJP Congress if attitude develop icon right once the attitude is developed it's very difficult to change so we will try to see why that attitude it can be a political attitude it can be any sort of attitudes so why that attitude develops and we will try to see how to change that attitude and we have a next chapter language and communication so here basic language how the language development process happened so because we have different languages in this world and today we are debating on the vernacular language and all so two language formula and all so that is one of the major debate we will try to see because once upon a time in years they told that if anyone studies two or three languages their intelligence comes down another one to learn the language of the insolent one study came in US based on the US court also said that now in United States no one should study any other language only English should be the only language but now in the language chapter now we have come to know that if a person knows multiple languages it has more advantage their intelligence level improves their cognitive their mental speed improves better so language is one and then within that we will see communication so how do we communicate communication process and all and then modern contemporary so in that we will try to see like hypnosis meditation so really whether it is true hypnosis is true so meditation drug states some people go for different types of drugs so we will see alka start from alcohol smoking to narcotics and the different types of drugs what influences Marginal Kanja so what influences the person what are the changes that happens that we are going to see so this is what we call it's a foundation of the psychology so our major focus will be in this chapters is the core of the psychology all the chapter definitely you are going to see only the four perspective now okay most of the time I will say three months of time I will say in the four and of months long do three months of time we will be dedicating this so when you are strong in this this is something which is very easy application because if you see all the optional paper paper to be application so most of the time application is nothing but you have to take from the paper one and you have to apply it okay there is a standard way how to apply so how psychology can be applied in education how psychology can be its application so application above so this is what completely all applications you see that if you are good in paper one paper two is not a challenge at all because most of the time you see many people study paper two only for a month's time down months time down they will get a good mark in paper two paper one but yes it's really challenging challenging in the sense because it has its own theory and content alala you have to do boring investment okay okay so coming to our class sessions and book sources so as a book source for paper one paper two basically ncrt plus one plus two book say I will not say it's a mandatory if you do one glance that will be better for the entire paper one I'm going to give a book so there will be actually two book I'm going to give for the paper one so that is more than sufficient and the book in a lot but it's a little that book that is what psychology by essay book it's a it's a notes it's a sort of a note which is extracted from many books candidate the not for sales only for our student we do it since we take it from multiple sources we give it so on the workbook a if you study that itself is more than sufficient apart from our whatever class teaching class notes will be there because we don't dictate you know that because dictation it will take more time it's no use so very important concepts I will try to dictate it so every chapter when I talk about a learning chapter yes so can't normally one one class or two class will be for learning two classes generally will be for learning chapter so we I will tell the concept if you go and read from the book it will be very clear okay so this is what for paper one so you don't want to get anything for paper one paper to just only one book you have to get that is applied psychology by smarx by whatever book is standard that you have to get it from the market okay so this is what is more than sufficient apart from this if you're interested ablina no sir I want just reference book ablina if you're interested in the class I will just advise you one or two reference book if you want you can read it but I will say that for the UPC point of view attending the class regularly and reading that book multiple time is sufficient you know you know that UPC get a revision down okay because it's very once you and you attend the class you will know that the subject is not very complicated but the thing is you have to read read read write writing practice is very important in a UPC with a writing practice now whatever option you choose this is what standard rule there is no you know change in the rule okay so schedule as I you know that it's a weekend classes so normally we may start at 9 30 to probably 1 1 1 15 what we'll have is initially we will have little three hour session slowly we will stretch okay in between that we will have some break 20 to 30 minutes of break you will take it we can Saturday Sunday extra classes sometime on holidays with student consensus so if everyone is okay with it we can have you know either benefit on the little we can complete early because you want the extra classes now a little we don't want to stretch because optional for the look what is very important now definitely we need to see 100% paper one paper one we should not leave any topic so paper to look at there are certain topic manually we have to see 80 70 to 80% we have to see so at the complete world we have to be our classes will go but it will be over by four and a half to five minutes time so maximum five months time it will be over so if you come for some extra classes a lot of early holiday rather not a major holiday a lot of minor holidays like if you're ready I'll be now we will have if these students are not ready now we will not have it this is very important every fortnight every two weeks we will have a test so in this is where really your performance or tester okay in the test amount of correct order mutton so definitely we will have six to seven tests we will have okay in the class program both okay after the class program after the prelims okay generally prelims are much upper before the main solso that means test also you take it without paying any fees okay so class program both whenever you have a class program in that class program every two weeks just on the mandatory a lot of time up with all you know how to read okay so if you're not writing the test of the law up on a where you stand with the okay so subject okay so that is different but you have to ultimately that has to come in the paper okay because when they see the paper they do not know who are you right I'm the paper has to speak ultimately now if you're not bringing into the words you have a not bringing to paper now no use you say good day anyway in the class leave way after every chapter we will do some discussion on some questions generally we'll do the discussion on the questions what are the previous year questions that has come how you need to approach and systematically and that two weeks test two weeks test that I will correct it and I will give a feedback of it we will do a test discussion you're not testing to remain important okay so my class is policy to go on but no no use so that is what you have to be you have to go with it because I cannot come and call everyone one day I'm right so you have to cooperate with it okay that is one test discussion and review of the individual papers that will be done okay and then sometimes for some topics in order to enhance your knowledge I may ask you to do some you know because learning popular classical tradition that is directly connected in your practical lifetime real-time life so I mean practical lifetime examples like a task assignment when I give it you try to work on that assignment so that your in your knowledge enrichment will be better so that we have to do it so you know mentoring for needy anyway you will have your own mentor that is different since psychology number the definitely you know so we should also be a because we should be a mentor psychology is not a mentor I am right so if you struggle in GS or if you struggle in psychology so definitely you have to come because ultimately your GS market is also very important okay so that is what we do it okay so I think I've given a very broad view of it so broader culture so ultimately so I told you what is the subject so optional subject for the look so choosing the optional subject I will say that the one-on-one criteria should be your interest others on criteria where there should not be any other criteria for choosing optional so if you choose based on that definitely you will stick out to the subject you will go for it so you can see the syllabus you have seen the demo okay probably you will be seeing other demos also you can see it you can see some syllabus and then based on that you decide okay see course duration so it is four and a half months less than five months it will not go more than five months it is four and a half months four and a half to five months other sort of course duration our syllabus should be completed sometimes when the last I think last last year one area rainy season on the day okay so on the time on there is some you know we can not classes suppose over weekend portion only we will lose it upon the definitely we need to do it okay it's not about you know it's about the completion of the syllabus so definitely it will be over by a good four and a half to five months time five months which come mind paper four left we have some four five chapters related to GS attitudes changing others behavior case study can be used on psychology will be very useful for the case study in three you could definitely use when you go and tell psychology no they will get you know excited to ask some question on psychology sigma and Friday the American on the question scape on standard or they will ask psychology student on the subject load in the question definitely they will ask okay paper four left definitely it can be useful but anyway I will say that your your optional choice should not be based on the the other factors it should be based on your you know see success rate of the subject on the you can see that last year some around five students are cleared so 274 number students are 274 and we have others which is not our student who have gone up to 290 actually you can see that every year from all the subjects you will find some students will be getting cleared okay so success rate here but the question is if you see top ten rank Abhinna it is not only decided by the optional it is decided by your GS in the version it has higher your essay and ethics paper has played a very important role some of the law ethics learn another market they have scored 140 150 so one for 130 140 so and interview mark it move may play one because optional mark alone will not decide he's giving an optional mark will never give okay normally choose for nobody because GS long on the it's a equal platform but optional is not equal platform so one will be writing mathematics okay mathematics about you know a fuller 250 250 put a pair whether all the mathematics will optional they can choose it no they will not choose it what they do is that is what once again into us in the Supreme Court UPC told that we have our own system so they say that on the 22 20 plus okay okay from all the optional on the top 5% they choose it they ensure that the top 5% are the one that they say that some moderation law they are doing it so they ensure that from every optional they choose that on the top performer in that option they will choose it the only question is in that option top performer you should come see basically we will have two batches this is a batch right now which we are going to have in the next week and then by the month of December we will have another batch that is a number to December that is a second batch but better join this batch also you know and the batch moving with so the five months long only you will have some test every two weeks we will have a test so the test paper will be once the test is over normally we will have the test in the weekday in a week in classes now we will have a test which the particular Saturday class we will do a test discussion first one hour test discussion we will do it what type of answer it should be how you should have written it and then the individual paper will be written and the review will be given so either one day we will do it in the class on the four or five months time and then this will be over by October month November month correct our program would be in November so after that you should forget the subject whichever the option subject you should forget it you have to only prefer for prelames in a prelames you know nothing am I right so after the prelims when I was a psychology optional then again you come and enroll for the psychology mains test series in that you will have nine tests so for that you do not want to just only enrollment one just for the sake of enrollment or a hundred rupees could they enroll in that nine test is very important before your mains so in the test you will know and the test in opera you will be more well equipped talking about you know and the you do it or no because the way the question is because it's a UPS exam competitive exam your degree marry remember general what is classical conditioning on America's matter so if you go to any optional questions will be tweaked up that is but possibly they have kept like that so that and the writing skills understanding understanding the question writing the answer is very important that is what for this entire exam you don't need any exception intelligence level average intelligence is more than sufficient that is what I think they would have told you average intelligence in the poor but only thing is hard work hard work mutton of H1N1 strategy it is a little bit okay but what is more I will say that 1995 percent people who do hard work that is what you can see from pan India people will be there when a cat example you see the type of people select on the cat exam but you see this exam you can see across India so that means it does not have any other UPSC and the other the ingredients of UPSC they have made that question in such a way that it gives a equal platform to everyone so whether you're you'd have studied your subject in vernacular language that's not matter at all you know because UPSC clearly says that and the English now and they're not looking for it maybe you say one of them to Parkla but apart from that in optional or GS and all they say that they're not bothered about handwriting they're not bothered about grammatical mistake they're not even bothered about spelling mistake also content to kind of background that is what idea whatever you write it with a lot of grammatical mistake so that is what they look for it so NCRT again it's up to you if you start with NCRT it will be better so NCRT better because I don't want to give you NCRT this book that book so that is the reason one book what I'm going to give it's a notes but it's extracted from multiple books on okay apart from that NCRT you can substitute you know NCRT into a basic foundation yes we are we are also going to learn about disorders but if you see disorders basically there are 40 plus disorder but in our UPSC they have given only four disorders four disorder especially anxiety disorder depression you know because why they are the one serious disorder schizophrenia anxiety and depression have been rather equal rate I think might take India the rate of anxiety disorder and depression anxiety and depression is increasing because of competition stress you know on the economically momentary level so we are going to discuss about four disorders disorders umpapam therapies umpapam we are going to discuss about therapies also in paper two you know how to change the behavior now through therapy now and we are also going to learn about training how to give training you know ultimately as a psychologist we'll just forget about UPSC our psychologist would have well and enough any psychologist as I told you understand the behavior change the behavior so changing the behavior how we can do the change the behavior uh it is only through therapy there are many therapy psychodynamic as the schools of thought therapy the psychodynamic therapy cognitive therapy behavioral therapy so now it is very famous so the therapy we will try to see it basically because we are not going for a you know clinical level and all we will see therapy and also group are going to be so we'll also discuss training so but please keep in mind okay just basically what is that what is the benefit of therapy what is the advantage what is the disadvantage we'll see so even a person suffer from depression so therapy we will see it basic level so ultimately you need to understand as I told you our objective is to score mark okay that is what you are choosing one optional so studying and then writing it and scoring the mark that is our ultimate a mark that two book whatever I am giving it it is extracted from two or three books okay so I will say that that is sufficient almost 80 percent that is over that is over apart from that you will anyway you will have some grass notes if it is needed I will give it as a handout konjo konjo supplement supplementary you will have that I will give it as a handout but this two book I want you to be very strong in that because that is where your foundation thank you thank you