 Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer incidents and mortality worldwide, accounting for approximately 2 million diagnoses and 1.8 million deaths each year. It is also the second most common cancer diagnosis in both men and women, after prostate and breast cancer, respectively. Rising rates of tobacco use and industrialization in developing countries have contributed to increased incidences of lung cancer globally. Additionally, family history, genetic factors, and certain occupational hazards have been linked to increased risk of developing lung cancer. This article was authored by Krishna Chaitanyathandra, Adam Barsak, Kalyan Sajanala, and others.