 Here everybody, Dr. O, we're going to talk more about the pituitary gland here because it is the master gland that is the most important endocrine gland that we have. So first is the location. So the pituitary gland, we've already talked about how it's below the hypothalamus. So it's right there in that diencephalon region of your brainstem, or right above the brainstem. Where it sits is in the seletursica or Turkish saddle of the sphenoid bone. So hopefully you remember learning that and we covered the skeleton. So it is primarily broken down into an anterior and posterior lobe, but there is a small intermediate zone between the two. So here we see the anterior pituitary hormone. So these are going to be ones that are actually produced by the anterior pituitary and then secreted throughout the body. So we have the first one being, let us go through in this order here. First we have the gonadotropins, which are controlled by gonadotropin releasing hormone from the hypothalamus. And that's going to be luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone. So they're both going to target the male and female reproductive systems. So luteinizing hormone stimulates the production of sex hormones by the gonads. So this is going to be primarily going to be testosterone in males and progesterone in females. Follicle stimulating hormone leads to this production of estrogen, and that's something we'll cover more when we talk about the reproductive system. The follicle itself is going to be leading to the production of estrogen. But follicle stimulating hormone primarily is producing the gametes, the sex cells. So it's going to lead to the maturation of sperm and males and the maturation of the eggs in females. So that's going to be your two gonadotropins. Next we have thyroid stimulating hormone. So it's a hormone from the hypothalamus called thyrotropin releasing hormone that's going to stimulate the production and secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone, which will go to the thyroid gland and stimulate the production and release of T3 and T4, your two thyroid hormones. We'll cover them in a separate video. But T4 is kind of like the storage form of thyroid hormone. T3 is much more metabolically active, so many cells in your body can lop off that fourth iodine making T3 more effective. It appears that even your microbiome, your gut microbes play a role in the conversion of T4 to T3 kind of neat. All right. Next we have prolactin. So prolactin releasing hormone is going to lead to the production of prolactin, and that should only happen when someone is developing mammary glands to feed their offspring. So prolactin inhibiting hormone should stop this most of the time. Just like we have before puberty, your cells aren't really going to be listening to that gonadotropin releasing hormone either, but prolactin is going to lead to the development of the mammary glands and the production of milk. Next one here is growth hormone. So growth hormone is kind of interesting in that if you were to ask me which hormone has the impact on the most cells, I would say growth hormone. You could actually say that the target cell of growth hormone is all cells. You can't say that about others. There are some hormones that impact almost every cell, but growth hormone you could actually say it's target is all cells. So growth hormone, releasing hormone from the hypothalamus will tell the antibiotic to make growth hormone which will lead to growth. And we'll cover this in a separate video, but it leads to growth by increasing protein synthesis and then also increasing the breakdown of fat. But it really what happens, let me just read it here, induces targets to produce insulin-like growth factor. An insulin-like growth factor is going to stimulate growth and the metabolic rate. So growth hormone is really kind of an independent measure of how much insulin-like growth factor is being produced and that's going to lead to growth. So this is great if you're trying to grow, right? If you're going through puberty, you're trying to build muscle. But growth isn't always a good thing, right? As you get older, growth is either you're kind of growing out or you're growing abnormal cells, tumors, these kind of things. So I personally think from a longevity standpoint that controlling insulin-like growth factor and making sure you don't always have it kicked into high gears is probably a pretty good idea. And we'll talk more about autophagy and apoptosis and this idea of kind of breaking down cells that shouldn't be there rather than constantly stimulating them. We'll talk about them at a later date. And the last one on this list from the Antibiottery is going to be ACTH or Adrenal Corticotropic Hormone, which is going to tell the Adrenal Cortex to release its hormones. And that would be Aldosterone, which plays a role in reabsorbing sodium and water in the body to keep your blood volume and blood pressure up. Then you have your stress hormones like Cortisol. These are going to be your Glucocorticoids. Their job is to bring blood glucose levels up so you can fight or flee. I should have mentioned that Aldosterone is an example of a mineral corticoid. And then thirdly, we would have the small amount of androgens that are being produced there. Girls, women, preprocessant boys are going to be getting their androgens from the Adrenal glands. All right. Next, we have the intermediate zone between the anterior and posterior lobe of the two adrenal glands is going to be where melanocyte stimulating hormone comes from. It does stimulate melanocytes to make melanin, but it also appears to have other effects. It may impact the attachment of cells in the GI tract. So what's called intestinal permeability. It has other impacts. But for now, just know, melanocytes stimulating hormone stimulates melanocytes to produce melanin. Now we have the posterior lobe of the two adrenal glands. But you have to remember that these hormones are only being released and secreted from the posterior two adrenal glands. They're actually produced by the hypothalamus. So oxytocin is going to be produced by special neuro-secretary cells from the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. And ADH, anti-diuretic hormone, is going to be produced by neuro-secretary cells of what's called the supranoptic nucleus. So that's where anti-diuretic hormone and oxytocin come from. Now their functions, anti-diuretic hormone, increases the reabsorption of water at the kidneys, decreasing urinary production, which is why it's an anti-diuretic to keep your fluid volume up. We'll talk about why this is, but your body is much more concerned about keeping your blood volume and fluid levels up than it is down. The only problem is now, you know, that's to bring your blood pressure up. But the only problem is now we have a lot of people that have high blood pressure. So you would like to see the body have ways to bring blood pressure down. And it's not very good at it. Oxytocin, I already talked about this. It's a pair bonding molecule. It seems to do all sorts of cool things. But from an endocrine standpoint, it leads to the contraction of smooth muscle that leads to the ejection of a baby during labor and delivery and then the ejection of milk with the letdown reflex during lactation. All right. So those are, that's another look at your pituitary hormones. Very, very important because then they'll go and control your other important endocrine glands. All right. I hope this helped. Have a wonderful day. Be blessed.