 To be demonstration of the stomach and all its morphology blood supply and the related parts So we have the stomach in front of us My assistant has retracted the left hypochondrium and another assistant had retracted the liver and the The right hypochondrium. So this is the body of the stomach The fundus of the stomach goes under the left dome of the taffram where my hand is disappeared This is the region of the pyloric entrum and here we can feel the pylorus and after that We have the duodenum This is the lesser curvature of the stomach and we can see the most dependent part of the lesser curvature of the stomach this is referred to as the Angular incisors or incisors angularis and this is the greater curvature of the stomach At as to the lesser curvature of the stomach. We had this fold of pallettonium here This is one remnant of that that is called the lesser momentum the anterior leaf of the lesser momentum and We have reflected up this extends from the lesser curvature to the liver That's why it's also called the hepatogastric ligament There's another portion of it which extends from the first part of the diodenum to the liver that is called the hepatodeodontal ligament Extending from the greater curvature of the stomach We have first of all this portion of the momentum which we have retained a little bit here. This is the gastro splenic ligament and the remaining part of the greater curvature is This ligament which we have retained partly. This is the greater momentum The greater momentum has got two parts one portion extends from the greater curvature to the transverse colon Which is being held by my third assistant, which we have retained a little bit here That portion is called the gastro colegic ligament and the remaining portion which hangs down from the transverse colon Is the greater momentum proper? This is the one which acts hangs in front of the nominal cavity We have removed most of it to show the blood vessels I need to show you a space behind the stomach and for that we have cut the gastro colegic ligament as I told you and now I am retracting the greater curvature of the stomach up and this space that we see here This space is referred to as the omental bursa or the lesser sac It is behind the stomach and behind the lesser omental And this is the place which gets filled with fluid in pancreatitis to produce what is known as Pseudo pancreatic cyst and now let us show the blood vessels of the stomach Now we are demonstrating the blood vessels on the lesser curvature of the stomach. We see this blood vessel here Going from the right to the left This was within the layers of the lesser omental. This is the right gastric artery It comes from the hepatic artery proper and as it runs We can see that it is anastomosis with yet another blood vessel which is coming from the left to the right And I picked it all up. I'm lifted up the artery and the vein together This is the left gastric artery This comes from the directly from the celiac trunk. This is the smallest branch of the celiac trunk So the left gastric artery and the right gastric artery they anastomosis in the omental The left gastric artery also gives a branch to the esophagus and we can see there's a branch going to the esophagus Which is referred to as the esophageal branch of the left gastric artery So these are the two arteries which are running in the lesser curvature. Now, let's come to the greater curvature We have removed the great gastrocolic ligament. So therefore we can see only the arteries in the veins This is the right gastropeploid or the gastroventil artery It comes from this artery here This is the gastro-deodernal artery and the gastro-deodernal artery gives rest to the gastropeploid This was running from the right to the left and if we trace this gastropeploid artery all the way We find that it anastomosis with this artery here Which is coming from left to right This is the left gastropeploid The left gastropeploid is a branch of the splenic artery, which is the largest branch of the celiac trunk Before we proceed any further I would draw your attention to this gastropeploid vessels and we have stressed them out here We can see that the gastropeploid vessels or the gastroventil vessels they are running in the gastrocolic ligament They're giving numerous branches to the stomach. These are the gastric branches and They also give branches to the greater omentum and few of those we can see here These are the omental branches. That's why these are referred to as the gastro omental or the gastro-epiploid arteries Next set of arteries, which I would like to draw your attention to are these arteries here We can see these arteries here and if you were to look further deep inside We will see them here also. These are the short gastric arteries or the vasaprivia They run in the gastro-splenic ligament and they are all branches of the splenic artery So these are the branches that we can see in this particular dissection Assistants are going to open the anterior wall of the stomach. They're going to go all the way up to the top here And they will continue down here and they will go across the pylorus to the diodenum and we will see the interior of the stomach Okay, now take a look at the layers of the stomach Outermost we can see this tough structure here This is the serous of the stomach When we are doing an anastomosis of the stomach We have to always put the last layer as the serosa because this is the one which gives protection from leakage Let's go again back inside this layer that we have picked up here. This is the mucosa of the stomach Just under the mucosa is this loose aerular tissue that is known as the sub mucosa And in between after that we have the muscularis layer The muscular layer is inner circular and outer longitudinal layers So these are the four layers of the stomach. Now, let's take a look at the region of the pylorus here We can see that the pyloric muscle is so thick and I have lifted it up here The pylorus is called pylorus because it's a sphincter and the sphincter is produced by the thick circular smooth muscle and that acts as a sphincter which regulates gastric emptying And this sphincter is under parasympathetic control Parasympathetic causes contraction of the muscles of the stomach and relaxation of the pylorus And therefore parasympathetic supply is responsible for gastric emptying And then after that we can see the diodra. Now, let's take a look at the mucos of the stomach itself Do we notice that the greater part of the stomach Body of the stomach and the greater curvature of the mucosal folds are very thick Of course and they are roughly longitudinal, but there are multiple other subsidiary folds This is the portion which is responsible for mixing the food the kaim as well as absorption Now, let's take a look at the mucosa on the region of the lesser curvature of the stomach We notice that the mucosal folds are thinner and they are more regular and more parallel to each other This portion is referred to as the gastric canal or the magens trasse in German and this is the root for preferential passage of liquids When the rest of the stomach is mixing the food liquids go directly from here all the way to the pylorus So, these are the things that we notice on the interior of the stomach. Let me just Summarize by mentioning the Complete location of the stomach we notice that the majority of the stomach is located in the epicastry Under the liver fundus of the stomach where my hand is disappeared is under the Left home of the diaphragm. It is located in the left hypochondrium pylorus is located in the transpiloric plane When we are doing a plane x-ray of the abdomen The fundus being the highest portion Any gas in the stomach tends to collect under the in the fundus And that shows as the gas shadow under the left home of the diaphragm and that is referred to as the gastric shadow Or the gas bubble of the stomach So, this is what we see in the stomach. Thank you very much for watching If you have any questions or comments, please put them in the comment section below. Dr. Sanjay Sanyal signing off. Have a nice day