 All right, hello. It's my first type con and I'm excited to be here. I will talk about my class, the special topics class called post digital typography, simply typography of the paper and screen and its impact as a tool for teaching typography and digital fabrication to undergraduate students, mostly juniors and seniors. I just finished my third year at Epstate. This course was a pilot course and I offered last fall and it's never been offered before. So I choose few student work and then I'm gonna share our experience with you. So I always have this question. So how can I combine digital and physical experience for the post digital age? Also I love type like everyone here. So, but also I wanna touch typefaces and interact with them physically. So it has been always my question. I'm a graphic designer. I'm grounded in graphic design, but I'm also an educator and maker. So I've been learning through making and thinking through making like make, think, repeat. That's basically my theory. As a part of my research, I've done extensive study on CNC machine on various forms and materials. Many of them are 3D types. So like porcelain, PLA, one of the porcelain, the ceramics and PLA, some urethane, nylon, even stainless steel. Stainless steel, I have to use some professional printing service. I cannot do that on my own. Most of them are for my DIY 3D printer, even the ceramics. Even this one, I've done some tests with soil and glass, it's basically the living type. I also use a laser cut paper, concrete and I also use a printer as a lettering machine so you can write something, even with brush. This was my ambassador, I have the sample there so you can roll it through some blank paper, you can print something, it's my business card. So I share my exploration on my Instagram, also universities and other institution invited me to have a lecture or workshop, but I never introduced my research topic to my students. So I wanted to propose a fun, experimental, unconventional typography class using these emerging technologies. As we have been using digital tools and more and more, there are few ongoing discourse regarding the term post-digital and these are a mixture of hopes and concerns between being human or being digital, like hand versus machine on analog versus digital. There are ongoing discourses and practice-based research regarding the term post-digital. However, no one can decide how to define them, define the word and there should be more theoretical discourse and publication. I believe that debates should focus more on the exploration and new exploration of new avenues and possible ways to bridge two different things instead of just separating them. I define the post-digital typography like this, so post-digital typography is engaged with tangible experience assisted and or created with various digital controls, especially the digital fabrication technique will play a crucial role in turning intangible idea into tangible design product with physical substance. Also combined with AR or other AR, VR, AR or VR to restore the healthy tension between analog and digital. My class has one to five weeks for practicum, six to 11 weeks type and furniture project and 12 to 16 weeks self-initiated project. The practicum include all the exercise and practice to learn the new software and tools. The first project was student revisited, there are two-dimensional modular type project from the previous type course. We have actually typography one, two, three, so most of them already took type three or in type three. So they revisited the project. To redesign their modular type in three-dimensional space, they're asked to incorporate the third dimension to reconstruct the letter form with modules and reinterpret shapes. For example, there is a dot or a circle in two-dimension. You can scale it up and down, change the color, apply some pattern and you can do some other things. For example, what if you pulled into 3D? A circle in two-dimensional shape could be cylinder on corn shape or hop spear, petaboloid or some other shape or complicated shape in three-dimension. I asked them to pick a word or a few characters. So this one is one of the example. For example, this one is a good example. Emily, she added different thickness to the stroke and for the upper case C and lower case D. Also, there is a breaches between for the C and D, so it was nice touch to make it printable as a single piece. Student were introduced to Tinkercad on online CAD software because they never touched any CAD software too. So I introduced the easiest software. It's running on a web browser, even you don't have to purchase it, you don't have to download or install it. This one is free and also it provides various pre-made shapes. So you can also just change some parameters and then it's gonna generate the shape on computer screen. Also, you can import SVG or STL file from other softwares. Using the software, using the Tinkercad as a stepping stone and then Lino 3D was introduced later. There are different options if you want to use CAD software in your class. Actually, after a few days, one of my students asked me, I like Tinkercad, but it's so limited. Please give me something else and I introduced Rhino. We have the lab license, so it was easy to use the software, but you can also use or consider other CAD softwares as well. Same module type, but different result. Many of them are designed in, designed their module fonts using font struct. If you haven't visited the website, it's pretty, it's worth enough to check it. It became more sculptural and actually break the incorporated different interesting shapes. It's something like a cube shape. A few printable letter form were printed with my DIY printer in need 145, 629 lines of code and take a few hours to print that. The software take care of the generating G code, which is widely used for computer-aided manufacturing like a CNC 3D printing. To run the machine, you need to know, you need to have a basic understanding how it's working or also for safety as well. You need to know how to operate the machine safely. Here are some examples printed letters. The other example here too. The second project with type and furniture, students were given the choice of a table, a table, a chair, or a bookshelf that is usable in reality. This project asked students to think about the sculptural value of the type and the value of the everyday object in dimensional space. Before we start making the rear-scale furniture using the software as a stepping, sorry, yeah. As a warm-up assignment, they were asked to design a prototype for free-standing letters with CNC-cut plywood so students could get a feel of working with the structure and dimension and machine. For example, they used a quarter inch bit and they can use it as Sean SCAN because the plywood was eight inch. The bit was quarter inch, so the joiner is not really working. So they need to know and understand how to work with the material and reality and also different dimensions too. A CNC milling machine is cutting something for the warm-up assignment. The department purchased a few years ago but this $10,000 machine was just sitting there for several months. So I asked the department chair and other people, I wanna get the training, I wanna use it for my class. So I get the training and other things, that's why I could offer this class. As you can see, the surface is pretty rough because of the choice of the bit. For this one, I used the up-cut bit, so basically taking out the material. So that means there's another bit called the down-cut. So it's up-cut, down-cut, so you have to choose right tool and for the right material too. Also, this one is cheap plywood, so that's why it has more rough edges at the top. There's various types of tools. I'm not gonna go too deep but they should be used differently. Like we have different printers and different camera, different computer for a different job. I'm still learning and breaking tools. So this went to another $25 bit and I broke it and the most expensive one I broke was $70 something and thankfully the department covered the fee so I don't have to buy another one but we always learning something and we always break something too. Based on the experiment from the exercise, they designed the digital mock-up and small-scale prototype and the final product. So this was one of some of the mock-up, digital mock-ups like the A swing is really cool but maybe it's too hard to make it. Actually it was their final idea. They make a mock-up with a paper and cardboard and make sure it's gonna work, it's gonna hold the shape and you can actually sit on it. They cut the plywood and actually they made a mistake which is actually they painted it first. It added extra thickness to the plywood so actually when they try to put them together it doesn't fit. Actually as you can see we just hammered it and it didn't work so they have to send it down the joinery and put them together eventually and paint it again. So lesson learned, you shouldn't paint it first or you need to somehow accommodate that thickness of the paper, paint, I mean, sorry. Actually they can sit on it during the critique. This group used a new software called Autodesk Slicer for Fusion 360 to design their table. I showed them a quick demo in class and this group just nailed it. You can import 3D design like STL file, stereo lithograph file and literally you can slice it and you can slice it differently. For example like M, you can have a diagonal line or the sphere, you can slice it differently. You need to play with it. Can you see that some red lines there that means there is some air or something or for example that some parts is too thin or it may not hold its shape so software gonna tell you there is some risk. Even you can get animated instruction you can export the plan as PDF. Paper prototype and small scale prototype, they made another two prototypes before they make it big because it's better to fail faster so you don't have to waste the material, waste the time. It's a real scale, cut the plywood and assemble them together. Although machine does a lot of job but it involves quite a bit of manual labor to complete the project. Actually they have to send it down and finishing it, painting it, et cetera. It's the final product. It's a lean chair. You can see it on LE and then AN is Odomen. Actually it was his first sketch. Can you see it here? Actually he printed the letter and then actually it's scaling it. Also as you know, you won't be able to see it like that sketch. They are not really soft enough. So he cut them. I helped him to cut the plywood and then he sent it down nicely. And then can you see this? There is some pattern, something like the dog bone shape. It called dog bone shape because what you see is what is not, you know, like when we talk about in design it's called Ouija week. What you see is what you get but in this case it is not because of the beauty of the cylinder shape. So when you cut the straight line you're gonna get the rounded edge. So actually you have to add it at the corner there so it's gonna fit correctly. So it's not Ouija week. So you have to know, also you have to have experience to accommodate that little small changes or some details. Actually this group as you can see they didn't add it the dog bone shape. So what they need to do is they have to send it down every corner to make it fit. Actually they forced it almost. So it's better to know that. Actually it's during the critique. Last one is a self-initiated project. Student proposed a project that would provide interactive and tangible typographic experience in open space on campus or in the local community. It could be informative, provocative, playful, cautionary, entertaining, expressive, educated or transformational but they should not use a language of hate, bigotry or anything that could hurt someone else's feeling. It was the texture typography. It was installed in the library and then student can write some message or write some card using the 3D printed card. This group designed all 26 letters from A to Z, choose some word and then show that texture like a scary has goose bumps there and L as a layer, B as bubble and fine, F as fine. So they designed all the letters on rhino and then they printed it. Actually this student took my another 3D printing course. So they built their own DIY printer. So that's why they were able to print everything on time because if you use the library or some other service you may not be able to print everything on time. So that's why they were able to do that. It's a little quick demo. This 3D printed card provide tactile and a visual expression experience of the alphabet. So you can write some card, et cetera, et cetera. It's all the letters. This student incorporate processing sketch and 3D printing to create computer stem that will show the progression of the processing sketch with color and shape. So here is the processing sketch and then she picked six frames and then turned it into 3D and then printed with wood filament, specifically wood infused PLA filament. And she tested different colors and then she ended up with the six frames with a different color. So she added some baby powder on it and then tested different tracing paper and other color and other types of paper as well. Here's the reflection. Every project was challenging in different ways for students and myself. If I can have another opportunity I like to do it differently. Definitely, I wanna do it better. So first month, studio time and better scheduling because we are only able to do two major project and then five practicum. Practicum took too much time. It almost took five weeks. So maybe it can be smaller project or one big project so student can do more project in the class. Also this class focus more too much on making than thinking so there should be more thinking and thinking process with some readings as well. The class was full of troubleshooting and problem solving process and I have to deal with everything like troubleshooting and fixing the print machine and then keep everything on time, schedule everything. So if I can have some help for technical support that would be great but hopefully I can do some team teaching or some other things later. I'll come up with some other solutions. The next one is material fee. It was quite expensive project. For example, the furniture project took $1 to $200 only the plywood fee. If you choose some nice plywood, it's gonna be easily over $100. So it could be more group work or another thing will be more practical assignment like more involved with client-based project. For example, maybe my student love to take a challenge to make something like this or some other signage or wayfinding system. So student can save some money and someone client will gonna pay for the material fee and then it's gonna have more practical experience in class. It does not have, also it does not, like other typography courses because I learned that it does not have to be whole class to implement this digital fabrication method. It can be split it into small project and implemented in other graph design courses or typography courses because I was so excited to offer whole class. So I was a guinea pig, not just a student. So I wanna try different, I wanna implement this single project to this project to different courses as well. Maybe something like edible type project might be possible later. You can use the laser on the hand or chips or also you can do some prints, some chocolate. Actually this one is a Nutella chocolate. It was one of the demo in class to bring some excitement. Actually we can have it, we can ate them all. So it might be one possibility. Thank you and I will upload this assignment to the teaching resources website and I'm gonna have happy to share my experience and then some work. And if you have any question, please email me or find me on Instagram or Twitter. Thank you.