 Yeah hello, can you hear me I can hear you but in my screen it says when the meeting starts we'll let people know you're waiting oh I can see it shows that you're in the meeting Catherine oh although we cannot see you it's just your regular profile picture good morning good afternoon and maybe good evening to some good afternoon good afternoon we are waiting for Ola or he is not attending today I think we're waiting for Jahan who will be moderating okay very good maybe just like two more minutes thank you that's fine in the meantime can I ask you a question because your name is Trun T. Nyok Beach so I hear you are called with your last name so how do I pronounce that yeah thank you very much you are you with my correct my full name yes yes yes okay I will do that if you do not mind and and I will also call Daisy with her shorter name though I know that her full name is Ayode G. Diolu Ajayi so we will get there but because it will facilitate the communication if we can easily pronounce the names let's wait for Jaheer to join. Hi Catherine I joined you know there yeah hello there are some you know I don't know problem in my computer so I actually didn't see the link so Melinda sent me the link and now I enter so thank you okay okay so can you see can you see us yeah I can see you I can okay often camera also I think now you can see me also okay and I see a black screen but I see your full name is Moshad E. Jahan so we call you can tell me Jahan you can tell me Jahan that is here okay then to make the list of long names complete my name is Catherine Tirvish Gavonskjeld and everybody calls me Catherine that is the easy part so Jahan if you like to kick off or do you want me to kick off let's let's see how we go. I think you have already started just to give a brief introduction about me I am Khandegar Moshad E. Jahan everyone tell me Jahan so I am the co-lead of MD initiative and lead of work package 2 so you know welcome everyone in this very important presentation which is organized by Asian mega delta initiative and again again university so it's Catherine you can start but I know I was sick and I didn't attend actually last delta talk but you know when I was looking at the video then I saw that in the last meeting we actually struggled with time so this time if the presenters you know carefully you know look at their time slot like 20 minutes for the presentations and then give us time for a discussion that will be very useful because we you know want to see what actually people because this is a very important issue to discuss so that's all from me. Okay thank you very much Jahan and then please Jahan feel free that after 20 minutes or maybe by 15 minutes you give a very kind reminder to the speakers because I know how it is when you are behind your screen and the slides you get carried away because you want to explain properly right so that's very nice and yes we very much like to do proper time management because people have other things to do just as an introduction in this collaboration of Asia mega deltas and Wageningen University and research that we are focusing on deltas and on different aspects in our research and we like to exchange with each other what we are working on not with the idea that we know everything already but with the idea that if we can share with each other we can learn from each other and then we can kind of co-create and have co-benefit from the exchange so the topic of today is about the effects of same line water irrigation on crops cultivated in Travyn in Vietnam and we have two important speakers on this matter and we will just go by as they are listed Tram T. Nyok Beach we shortly call her Bika she will she's from Travyn University and she will present first and after that my colleague Ayu Deji Deolu Ajayi she shortly is called Deji from Wageningen Plant Research will present and then after that we have some time for questions and discussion if as an audience if you have questions for the speakers feel free to use the chat function we want to make you attention to the fact that we like to register this webinar because also later on we make it available in a website so that others also can benefit from the discussion without further ado I like to hand over the microphone to Bika and invite her to start her presentation. Bika the floor is yours. Okay there would be a bit of a switch it's a joint presentation between Bika and I so I would start off and then there would be a switch in between and then I would come back to round off. So now just a second Deji for time management the total presentation will not exceed the 40 minutes right? Yes so we need to give you a warning then for time? Yes yes we will try our best to stick to it but we also have less than 20 slides so we think it would work. Oh okay so don't worry so much you are well organized ladies please go ahead. So now I would share my screen and then start the presentation okay so as mentioned previously the topic that we will be presenting today is the effect of saline water irrigation on crops in Travyn, Vietnam. And I am IO Deji, Deji like everyone calls me I'm a plant physiologist from Wagner University and research and my co-presenter today is Bika who is from the Institute of Environmental Science and Technology in Travyn University, Vietnam. So the outline for our presentation is first with an introduction where we also talk about the impact of salinization especially in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta and then we will give an introduction into the SUP project which is really the topic of the discussion today on saline irrigation and then show the methodology and results from this SUP project as well as give some conclusions, recommendations and future research questions in this case. So during this talk you might notice that between Bika and I there might be a use of resilience or tolerance just the heads up that were actually referring to the same thing in this case I'm mainly talking about salt resilience or salt tolerance. So what started this whole process so this is of course linked to the project deltas on that pressure and this project has the goal where there is more of an interdisciplinary research team from world that also collaborated with other international institutes in this case and for this presentation Travyn University to kind of look at sustainable transition pathways for agriculture in deltas and think about what these kind of solutions would look like and in this way contribute to the sustainable developmental goal of zero hunger. So officially the deltas on the pressure project ended in 2022 but this has been continued in a new phase now termed delta salinity and droughts and this started this year and would continue until next year. So in terms of this project there are two locations involved the first is Bangladesh and the second is Vietnam and today we will be focusing on one of the locations which is Vietnam. So if we think about this why Vietnam and especially looking at the Vietnamese Mekong Delta so the Vietnam is quite known or quite famous for being one of the main rice producers in the world and the Vietnamese Mekong Delta is actually the major hub for rice production but due to the effect of climate change and also anthropogenic activities such as management practices this has led to an increase in salt water intrusion but also drought and flooding. So here this is a map where you also see kind of you also see places in Vietnam and what you nicely see is that these blue areas are really regions that are already experiencing salt water intrusion. Famously we have here Tra Vinh which is the site of the experiments we'll be discussing today but what you see also in this graph is basically projections that could happen by 2040. So if we sort of continue business as usual there would actually be more salt water intrusion inland in the Vietnam into Vietnam and of course in severe cases which could also happen due to also the extremities we are observing due to climate change this could even go much further into um in the map so you kind of see this um red line. So therefore this is really a major concern but then um in 2016 there was also some assessment done to see what could be the effect and so far what they saw was that 11 of the 13 provinces in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta was actually affected by either salt water intrusion drought or both of these two issues and the major thing that happens is that this also has a very negative impact on crop cultivation as well as livestock raring. So for example in that same year there were losses on about 208,000 hectares of rice producing land of which half of them saw a reduction in crop yield of about 70 percent so this is quite devastating for people who experience this kind of situation and on the other hand looking at livestock this also led to a lack of feed as well as the availability of fresh water leading to loss of cattle and poultry. So we know that this also has devastating repercussions for the production in that area therefore we think it is really important to sort of mitigate the impact of these stresses and at the same time still look for a way that food production can still be promoted in this sea line prone soils. So I will hand over to Vika now who will continue to talk about the SUP project which is this experiment done in Vietnam. Over to you Vika. Thank you very much Daisy and I do hear a sustainable delta developments adapting to climate change. The Vietnamese government had used the resolution number 120 E, the placement of rice production with a vegetable and fruits especially species with high salinity tolerance such as peanuts or melons and we also want to focus on the quality of growth rather than on the quantity and we also want to apply erosion technique that can reduce using of fresh water resources such as like automated saving water erasing system, circular water system of hydroponic however until now still lack of the resources on testing the cultivation of the strong tolerance of growth and variety. Therefore we would like to evaluate the crop, respond properly inside on the optimal salinity breast horn and well add the potential yield of electric waters especially in case of the red water sustained during the right season. The objective of our study was to set the impact of the saline water erasing on the crop growth and yield of the pre-crop. Beep drool, maize and peanuts pre-kind of land work cultivates under the semi-contron greenhouse condition at Traven University Vietnam and the semi-contronless greenhouse appearance with the storm confrontation between zero to four BBT metric along with two appearance. The first one is the saline adaptation appearance. In this appearance the level of the water will be increasing over the time and the second appearance we currently the saline shock. So the three will be watering directly at the water containing of sun at two, three and four BBT at the reward of steel state. So on the measurement factor of growing and development of tree, a high-tron diameter diameter number of leaves at different state of growth from the nursery to harvesting will be mutual monitor every three days until the harvest and the data were analyzed by Dr. Daisy at Wageningen University. And our features of the greenhouse appearance, so the plant was a brand in a brand that was completely log-designed with five technical replicates for three months for growth. So we had three growths with five replicates. Next please. So I think it is time to discuss about our results. So the first results saw the saline adaptation appearance were prominent in order but are fully observed from age. In on-time, we will see on the brand, there were a significant degree of the sound stress with significant difference among the defined sound concentrations already at the observed time. And we also saw that the high-gift defined sound concentration of four BBT for big growth greenhouse will be sustained in the easy value of 63.5 and 78 per meter. So it will be quite similar to the value obtained for 3.5 BBT. On the other hand, we also see on the graph the high-gift defined of sound concentration of May at 4 BBT only fixed at easy value of 3.75 the average meter. So this may be linked to the total number of day for sound application in May compared to the other crop. But even at the same time point of 66 days for stress, the easy value of beetroot and penis were still higher. So in effect, the soil pH remanded relatively similar throughout the duration of the appearance except for the beetroot land under the control condition that saw significantly lower pH at the later time points. So and the second result about the continuous erosion with water containing moderate level of salinity, we will recognize that have no negative impact on growth yield in one row in season of the beetroot. So in the beetroot, we will see that the soil is easy, so a strong positive correlation with the total soluble solos, but negative correlation with the diameter and the restway of the beetroot wound leads us to another picture. The high-gift easy intersoil affected the growth inside and way of the breath bit. And we also will see that a significant reduction of the beetroot yields only occur under continuous saline erosion with easy value of more than 427 dA per meter. Although a significant increase in solos were already in DUS1, the maximum salinity with horn of the beetroot is 3.5 BBT. So the next one. And this is the continuous erosion of the penis in the one row in season. So on the yield parameter except restway of pork with two nuts and percentage of drift pork has significant negative correlation with soil is the of the penis length. And the penis yields were not affected with the continuous erosion with smaller than 4 dF per meter of saline water. So the result met the other research that the maximum growth rate of the pork volume pork redway and sick canal redway on the line. And the pork under canal volume at the harvest were reduced under some stress salinity more than 2 BBT. And the next one we want to concern about the continuous erosion for May. So the soil easy will be negatively corrected with the copland number of the canal flow and the number of canal in the make up. For May continuous erosion using saline water with easy value of up to 3.75 monthly had no significant impact on crop yield. The exception E where it recent with 3 dF per meter saline water resulted in a degree of number of canal and land of crop. The result result also agreed with previous research that May had the ability to color the salinity up to 2 BBT. And so for the product of the our conclusion recommendation and for the future research we'll be coming back with you. Thank you. Okay. So thank you for presenting the results. So from what Bica has been talking about, if we look back at the last graph where we saw the effect of saline water irrigation on soil salinity, we can see that the duration which refers here to kind of the frequency of adding the saline water but also how long you do it for is just as important as the salt concentrations which you are using for the watering. So for example, if we look at the two PPT continuous irrigation on pit routes, peanut and maize at the end of the experiments, they did show different levels of soil salinity. So for peanut or beetroot, it was more or less either four or 4.5 decimals per meter, which falls in sort of this moderate saline soil saline levels. But for maize at the end of the experiment, this only reached around 2.5 decimals per meter. And this has to do with the fact that for maize the exposure to this saline water irrigation was only for 42 days compared to the other two, which was 84 days or 72 days. And then for the other box plots, what we saw is that there was indeed a significant reduction in peanuts and beetroot yield after you had continuous irrigation with two PPT of saline water or higher. Although, of course, for beetroot we did see already a stimulation of soluble solids at even lower concentrations. But they suggest that at least if you're using levels lower than two PPT, so if you're doing continuous irrigation with around 1.5 PPT of saline water, that this does not have a significant impact on the peanut or beetroot yield. But of course, for maize, this was not the case because then we could not really see any significant differences. And this was already, which you saw in the box plus was because there was a huge variation under all conditions. And this is, of course, linked to point one that the duration was much shorter than it was for peanut or for beetroot. So these changes or these drops in yields, which was experienced at higher salt concentrations, this is something that is expected and is seen. In the nice classification, we see that actually most crops would have the yields affected if you have soil salinity levels that are greater than 4 decennials. So that was equals to the levels you would get when you had peanut or beetroot continuously irrigated with these two PPT saline water. But it's also probably an open question for us to also discuss for that is that what would be sort of an acceptable yield loss for farmers? Because if we look at what happened that took PPT, which is approximately 4 decennials of soil salinity, what we did see was that for beetroot, there was only a drop in crop yield by 21% compared to peanuts, which saw half like a lot of more drop in the yield. So about 50% reduction in yields. So this is something to also think about in this case. And then something to really note is that these results, of course, they sort of indicate that there is potential use for brackish water for continuous irrigation, but note that this is experiments from only one growing season. So what would happen if you continuously use this saline irrigation over time? Because what could happen is that you have this continuous salt accumulation in the soil. So meaning for the next growing season, your salt in the soil might already be at high levels. But this could also be useful, for example, in closed systems such as closed greenhouse systems. And we tried to see is this already a technique used in Vietnam and other parts of the world? So Vika tried to do a really nice literature set, but she found only few studies where they had used or experimented with saline water irrigation. And in this case, they had tested it on not just one cultivar, but on multiple cultivars of rice and peanuts in greenhouses. In Bangladesh as well, there were some studies which we found where they had also tested this on rice and maize cultivars. And the results were quite similar to what we see here. Even though in this case, they had tested this on multiple cultivars rather than one cultivar which we have done in our case. And in the Netherlands, this is something that is nicely used. In fact, there is also sort of an establishment of salinity thresholds for potato cultivars. And this has been used to kind of indicate what potato cultivars would be sensitive or tolerant. So these kind of studies are also definitely give some sort of outlook on sensitivity or tolerance of crops. So this is sort of the take home message is that when we think about this in context, of course, this is use of saline or the potential use of saline water for irrigation and which is an adaptation technique. But to always think of this management strategies must first be critically assessed before implementation, because this will be very from case to case and have both benefits and drawbacks as we have mentioned in our case. So if we look at this, what we have focused on is saline irrigation, which we've kind of tried to assess what are the possibilities of these adaptation strategies. But this is not the only strategy that exists. There are other strategies such as use of resilience cultivars, water retention and collection, water desalination techniques or use of amendments and biostimulants. And these techniques could actually be combined together to be assessed for their potential use on the field. And for us in our case, we've tried to do this assessment by looking at greenhouse experiments or in some cases, or I would say by other researchers, they've also been some demonstrations to show the potential of using one or a combination of these techniques. But at the end of the day, you also want to think about the greenhouse experiments is just the start. But what would it take if we actually would like to think of this in terms of farmers adoption, or if we try to think of this as one of the potential transition pathways for adoption. So next, we really think about what is the feasibility of scaling up these adaptation strategies, thinking of this in the terms of what could be the accessibility for farmers in that region, what are the current environmental conditions, what exactly do the farmers think about such strategies, but and also their current policies supporting or against these strategies and a lot of other things. And this is an aspect that would be a bit of the continuation of this research this year and also continued next year. So for this, we would really like to acknowledge our other collaborators in this project from Kanto University. So Dr. Nan, who I already saw in the audience and also Tamantin. And for the audience, I say, thank you for listening. And we're now open for questions and further discussions. Thank you. Thank you very much, Deji and Bika, for your presentation. I would like to ask to the audience if there are any questions. Can you raise your hands? I'm not seeing any hands yet. Mariana has a hand up. Yes, please, Mariana. Yeah, thank you, Bika and Deji for this presentation. So one, one, yeah, maybe easy question would be coming up. Yeah, once you have this salt in the, in the, in the soil, what comes next? So it's, it's, it's higher and higher and higher. So what is the next crop that you can start with? Or, you know, what would be sort of a cycle, a farming cycle that you can then do once you have started with using the brackish water and having higher salt levels in the soil? Thank you. Okay. Yeah, I can start and then Bika can jump in. I think you can look at it from various perspectives. So apart from, of course, this experiment was trying to look at the potential use, which could also be like, okay, this is too risky, this is too costly. But it also helps you sort of establish thresholds for this sort of crops in the Vietnamese context. So one of the things to also look at, and that probably goes back to the last slide, was to, for example, think about using this in combination with various cultivars. In that case of kind of establishing thresholds, you can also think of certain regions that are already naturally salinized in the Vietnamese McComb Delta. So it can help you decide like, okay, we can see that may still survives at these levels of salinity. Therefore, we can grow this crop still there or we can grow this cultivar there. So kind of thinking of it from that angle, rather than, for example, really doing that, really, really like adding more salts to the soil. You can of course also think of, for example, is it, would it be then better to think of salinizing the water? That's another technique in that case, or even adding, let's say, by stimulants or amendments. But generally speaking, indeed, once you have salt in the soil, it's very difficult to clean up. I think now it's just a phyto-remediation and bi-remediation. That's actually, we've seen, can take up those, so in this case, that would be either plants or bacteria or microbes that can take up salt from the soil. So those are the only, I would say, sort of effective ways, but that also takes a very long time. So as much as possible, yes, we assess this, and probably indeed that's more of the conclusion, but also the potential setting of these thresholds on what crops can withstand salt in the Vietnamese context. Ika, you're muted. I'm still muted. Yeah, sorry. I thank you, Mariana, for very nice wishes, and thank you very much for Daisy for very detailed answers. So I totally agree with Daisy that we just have like one drop of the seasonal in the greenhouse. So it's very much difficult right now to give the advice or recommendation to the local farmers. But we, but unless we have the results, we can give the water with lower than two BBT to water some crop for, and it will be not much effective to the yields. But we need to do this in the real farm in like two seasons or three more seasons, and maybe we need to combine with other techniques. And then we will have more experiments and more advice to the local farmer how they can do the well of farming with the sound intrusion with their current crop. Yeah, their current crop, we use this because the local farmer is very much difficult to gen other species. So we use the current crop and the combination with other techniques to have them. Thank you. Thank you very much, Ika. I think you would like to add something, right? Yes, I also put it in the words, but doesn't it the salt wash out if you use brackish water during the dry season? In the rainy season, doesn't the salt just wash out? So is this a real problem that you accumulate when you irrigate with brackish water or is it just for the dry season and in the wet season, in the rainy season, it will just wash out and then you know the salt is more or less remediated. Would you like to react to that, Bika? So you asked us about our experiment. So in our experiment, we do this in the greenhouse and because the rainy season comes in Vietnam for our experiment, we do not do this experiment before. So we could like to test things. So we do the greenhouse in the dry season outside. So we do that. The crop can tolerate the salinity level that the tree can tolerate and develop. But my question is more related to the remark of Mariana, where she said that isn't there a problem of accumulation of salt in your soil and what happens with the next crop that you grow on the soil that you have irrigated with the brackish water? And I was just wondering whether that really is a problem in the Mekong Delta because in the rainy season the salt will wash out and there will be not a lot of salt left. So it's only a problem for the dry season and that's where you grow your crop under these brackish conditions. I was just checking whether my assumption is true that it will only be accumulating during the dry season but will be washed out in the rainy season. So then in a way to ask the question to Deji and Bika that did you measure the salt level in the soil during the experiment? Because if that is what you're measuring, then once you bring the experiment to the field, it will also be important to see what is the salt level in the soil during the experiment and also during the season that comes after that because what Gerard says is that the build-up, because if you bring salt water to the plant, the water will evaporate so you will accumulate salt. If you wash out the salt during the rainy season, then you do not have the accumulation of salt. So that is what we need to check, right? Yeah. So there are two things. I think that it really depends. Yes, there can be indeed some reduction or more like dilution of the salt in the soil depending on the weather conditions but we're also now for example seeing more intense or longer periods of drought sometimes in some seasons but also we also get higher flooding in that case. So for some things I would say that yes indeed there can be further dilution but I still think in the long term so if you look at this over years you do not still have full dilution of the salt. So if you continuously irrigate over time it couldn't probably in five years it might not be a problem but then in 10 years then you have let's say more intense drought or you also have for example like with the salt water intrusion also increasing. So at the end of the day you might still kind of be buying time in that case but if you also have Sorry, it will be good also to hear from the other people on the call. Is there experience in the longer term consequences and have people already measured on that? Can we just ask from the audience? Yeah, I asked this question. Exactly, good. Yeah, because if you think about the scaling of this kind of technologies need the answer of this because you are using salt water irrigation meaning you know accumulation you know what the President has said that's a big issue of salt. So you know I do not know is there any study in Vietnam condition or Bangladesh condition or in other situation versus the long term consequences of this salt water irrigation? At least I would say for myself I haven't seen any sort of reports like that and that's also like a research area that is just lacking that no one looks at the long term consequences. It's more like oh this is a solution and not what would happen in the next five or 10 years if you continuously use this. Okay, so this is what we will be looking for. What I do know from the Bangladesh situation is that in the rainy season then there is so much water coming from the big rivers that even in the coast on the seaside that if you taste the water it does not taste salty. So what Gerard says about dilution it could very well be that the salt is removed. However, in that case also often the soils are clay where you have capillary rise. So if you are able to flush down the salt the matter will also be how much time it will take to get back up. But also there there are ways like with mulching or with and that's how people are trying to limit it that. But altogether I think we are clear that okay Feroz you wanted to say something before I concluded the topic. Yes please. Yeah so I was listening to you and this amazing discussion that we do get a lot of rainfall in the Moonsun and the rivers might not be as salty as during dry season. But like the places in Bangladesh we have a lot of polders in the coastal region. So then those places might not be flooded at all. So the salt might still be on the soil if it's not like flooded. If it's the rainfall it's like overland flow so it doesn't really stay to remove the salt in my opinion. So I think land use also plays a big role. I don't know about Mekong Delta if they have a lot of polders as well. So it will not be easily removed with the Moonsun rain I would say if it's not flooded in my opinion. I'm not an expert by no means. Okay so it will be important that we find more information from experts on this matter. I also would like to ask to Rob Coutwell. He posted a link to a science article. Would you like to come in and say something more about that? Yeah I would if there's time. My name is Rob Coutwell. I'm Bidiri and I'm involved in the Asian Mekong Delta work package one. I'm based in Hanoi. I shared that link. That's to an article through some colleagues at the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research ACR. If I could just add a couple of things to this question. Yeah it's very interesting and it's a very serious situation now with the salt water intrusion and the levels of alinity in those areas. Essentially the land is inking 10 times faster than the sea is rising. So there's whole areas of the Mekong River Delta that are no longer able to support crops. The general pattern is that in the past where farmers have grown three crops of icy air, continuous rice cropping, they're now tending to go from three crops to two crops. So they grow another crop during the rice season and turn a crop that's more salt tolerant and the same going from two crops of rice to one crop and then eventually when the salt water accumulates so much they start to do rice trim. So they grow shrimp during the dry season and then in the end that also breaks down so all they can do is grow shrimp. I mean it's essentially that. The article I shared from ACR just gives a summary of the potential alternative crops and the tool you've done, some of what you've tested is included in there. It's a very serious issue for us in the Asian Mekong Delta and something that we're very interested to collaborate with you. Perhaps we're only working with Kanto University on it but I would very much like to get in touch with Beaker and discuss with her and maybe when I come down to him he got River Delta next time maybe we could arrange to meet up but I would really suggest if you to open that article it's really excellent link and it explains what I've tried to summarize much better than what I've done but yeah it's extremely serious. If you look at the the map of agricultural production say 10 years ago and then compare it to now there's a huge increase in the areas where shrimp are grown just merely because nothing else can be grown there anymore because it's all a two-way line. Okay thank you very much Rob for bringing that up and also very interesting to kind of link from the work package one of Asia mega deltas with this part of the work in our research in Wageningen it will be interesting for you to know that the team from Wageningen also will be visiting Bangladesh they are talking also with Dr Naan on finalizing the dates I understand it's not yet finalized but it will be somewhere towards the end of November so if that would create possibility for exchange if you possibly would be in the delta at that same time that would be excellent opportunity to explore and for that you can contact also with Marianne or with any of the other team. I also think that we are kind of zooming in and zooming out all the time and that's the that makes this topic very exciting because this is a very kind of zoomed in part of the topic that if we would use the salt water then what happens to the crop and so your research shows that exactly that's part of the story and Rob what you say in a way refers to a bit kind of the wider picture also what kind of strategies are currently observed and from what strategies we already know that it it it does not work or it will not work but so we are kind of looking for also for new strategies and the work of Deji and Bika in that sense and the all the other colleagues helps to find some paths that could be potentially interesting and some that we do not know and the difficulty is in a way I feel that for the path that is interesting to use some salt water in a way up to one and a half PPT if I understand you correctly that could be potentially a way however that's what we discussed just now we are interested in the salt accumulation in the soil and what that means over time whether the seasonal rains will be able to flush it down whether the capillary rise will not bring it back with the same speed so though we have important new information on the way we like to go we have already identified more questions and it stresses also how important it is that we work together with all these different expertise. I would like to see if there are other people who have questions I did not see other hands, Jahan what would you like to come in from your side? Yeah you know although they responded my question but you know in relation to Rob I think in Bangladesh case you will find several articles related to these issues you know what happened you know when some of the farmers they are interested to farm stream in their land meaning salt water intrusion and what kind of social conflicts you know that is creating with the other you know crop farmers in the there are I think there are you know many good publications related to this issue because this is actually a serious concern you know of this research that you know you need to not only the production or income perspective but other social perspective you need to look at this so but thanks for the presenter to bring in this kind of important issue in the presentation and and and it's you know we can actually look at you know how the future we can build up research on this issue and that's a that's a good attempt thanks from the initiative site. Okay very good I mean well I'm having a look at the chat yeah Rob added something there Rob would you like to say it? Yeah only that I think is being important to include rice because it's such an important crop there all farmers grow at least one proper price a year and we do have some ongoing screening of salt tolerant rice varieties so we can share the information about those with you if you're interested. That will be very nice thank you very much for that if there are no further questions at this stage to our speakers would you like to add something as a final word or you are okay with what you have said that's also fine in the as part of the the follow-up of this delta talks we will again organize another delta talks most probably around 25th of September am I not wrong with the date? I think 25th yeah Melinda are you are you are you there I think it's 25th 25th September is the next delta talk we'll be by okay so you will yeah so you all will be informed and invited and already for your agendas already in the October months we are also planning a delta talks next time I do not know yet but from AMD's side speaker will be identified and for the October months we are on the Wageningen site already identifying a speaker then one more point of announcement that I like to make is that in October in the ICWM conference in Bangladesh there will be a session on salinity but that's a kind of face-to-face session but anybody interested who would like to attend that let them send me a mail and I'll link you up with that so the having said that I'm getting the information that the next one I said 25 mistakenly I should have said 27th September thank you for correcting me on that Melinda I want to conclude nicely within the time thank you for to the two speakers for this very interesting presentation thank you all all in the audience for your reactions and thanks to my co-facilitator Jahan for jointly facilitating this session we look forward continuing our delta talks next time on 27 September on the same time with another interesting topic thank you all and have a very good day thank you bye thank you