 Mae'r dyfodol yn ymddangos. Mae'r ddaf i David Johnson. Mae'r ddaf i'r ddweudio LRF oherwydd unrhyw ffyrdd B2, sy'n gweithio gwyllgor yng Nghymru. Mae'r ddaf i'r ddweudio amwysig gyda'r cymdeithasol G4D BZ. Mae'r ddweudio amwysig gyda'r cyfwilio'r ddweudio'r cymdeithasol. Mae'r ddweudio'r cymdeithasol gyda'r cymdeithasol gyda'r gyfwilio'r cymdeithasol gyda'r cymdeithasol. Mae'n hoffi'n ddweudio'r cymdeithasol. Dwi'n ei wneud, mae'n adrodd hi fwylo sy'n cael ei gweithio. Felly dyna'r bywch, gwaith cymdeithasol gyda'r gweithio'r cymdeithasol. Rhyf occasion, mae'r ddweudio ar eich ddechahol ei gwybod... Man, rwy'n bryd. Rwy'n ddweud i gyfwilio unrhyw mewn ffordd ar y Ddweudio LRF a llwy ffyrdd B4D BZ. Rwy'n ddweudio'r cymdeithasol ffyrdd B3D BZ'r hurd neuamechau. I care to remember. I'm also involved with an organisation called AMSAT UK, which designs, develops and launches small satellites of the sort of one centimeter cube size. I go back the same age as Professor Sir Martin Sweeting when we both had either had hair or we had hair colour. So I've been doing this for over 50 years either as an amateur or more lately as a professional. I keep trying to retire, but people keep headhunting me. Be too space. Like all companies, they've got to have a strapline. I'll let you read that. I'm not going to read it out. Basically, we're trying to offer reasonably cheap launches to a near-earth orbit using an extremely unusual mechanism for doing it. About four or five years ago, our directors were watching a TV programme, watching Felix Baumgartner with his parachutes jumping from about 39,000 litres with a couple of glasses of wine inside them. They said, if you can do that, why can't we do it as well? Instead of him jumping out of a balloon, why can't we carry a rocket to that sort of altitude and launch it from there? The image on the left-hand side is obviously Felix, and the one on the right-hand side is one of our test rigs going up about two years ago. We've got three programmes, Calibri, Hawke and Bluejay. Calibri is the primary mission, which we're leading up to, which is getting old funding. Basically, it's the one to launch a rocket suspended from a balloon, hence the name, the Rockoon. We've been funded by a variety of funding sources, development agencies, local governments, both in the UK and in Europe and from venture capital as well. Hawke is our flying lab. We invite industry to come and put their small platforms on our launch vehicle to take it up to the stratosphere, so it can be used for tech demo and prototyping without the full cost of a small low earth orbit system. We also have Bluejay. Bluejay is one where we talk to universities and guide them through the development of a platform, a small platform, which we then fly for them to get the results. The Calibri system, this is, excuse the image, this is a bit of PR. It doesn't quite look like that yet. It's the idea of the rocket and the balloon. You can't see above it is the balloon. This is the idea for the three-stage solid booster, which will take things to low earth orbit. The system you can see, which is suspended from, we call the gondola, in the same way that most balloons would have a gondola suspended from them, usually carrying people. We stuck to the same name, so we always use the term gondola. Why did we do it? We want to have a flexible, reliable, low cost system. The idea being that we, instead of the normal launch capacity for a rocket, which involves many stages to get it to the lower earth atmosphere, stage one, two and three, all of which are extremely bulky systems and in terms of weight of their body, the amount of fuel they're carrying, the amount of plumbing on board, if we can lift it to the near earth before we even launch, we've saved all that cost. It's lighter, it's more efficient and it's more environmentally friendly. We're not chucking out lots and lots of kerosene into the atmosphere. We're doing a lot of work as well as the ballooning that do the work of rocketry. We're trying to use not quite a zero emission, but low emission fuels using hybrid rockets, so it's a mixture of a propellant and anoxidizer of some kind, but we're using some interesting components to go into that. Part of it, we've got several things we've got to consider when we're launching a balloon and with suspending a rocket from it. Predominantly, getting it up there is easy. We just pump it full of helium. The problem then comes once we've got it up there. How do we point the rocket in the right direction? Because the balloon might just go up and start spinning. So we have one of our pieces of work that we're doing is actually to be able to point the rocket just before launch, which is part of our intellectual property, which I won't go into here of course. We've also got trajectory control. We've got to know where the balloon's going. As it goes up through the atmosphere, it will go through several wind layers, including if you go high enough, it will get stuck in the jet stream and go across the Atlantic or some other place. So we have to be very careful in terms of vertical navigation, as well as horizontal navigation. We have to have launch control systems for saving, for arming, for firing, for tearing down the rocket, for suspending the rocket. Should anything happen, we're subject to many, many safety restrictions through the CAA in the UK. More interestingly, the maritime agencies as well. What comes up comes down. You can see virtually the size of that balloon and it becomes a large jellyfish when it hits the surface of the water. For the maritime agencies, we have to guarantee that we recover the rocket, the gondola and the balloon itself. We do a lot of high-altitude operations as well as the testing of the raccoon. We've got several friends who've helped us in this regard. There is significant high-altitude ballooning community worldwide and specifically in the UK. We've been talking to them and one of their contingents has been helping us with some of the tracking software. A lot of things go into the development of something like this. This is just a short version of the older things we've had to go through to bring us up to a reasonable state for being allowed to fly. We can't just fly. We're not a small helium balloon. We're something quite significant. There's something like 20 elements there. We've had to prove to the Civil Aviation Authority on the other agencies that we've fit to fly. We can't fly the large balloon, of course, for it straight away. We've got to go through several levels of iteration. We've got several routes to this. The image on the left-hand side is a static launch of a solid rocket launch from our test gondola. The gondola is basically fixed. It's actually not doing its tracking for a position. We're testing the avionics and to make sure the damping didn't flip over when we launched. We were fortunate that the drone operator we were using, because we have to be well away from this thing when it launches, actually caught the moments when the rocket actually left the tube. People say, is that Photoshop? No, that's exactly how it was on the day. We were at Glanbeder airfield in Wales. We'd organised a safe area in terms of vertical altitude and horizontal range. As I say, what comes up must come down. So we were very, very fortunate that Glanbeder airfield is also the Welsh Space Agency's test site. Trying to get even a small balloon launched in the UK is challenging, because the CAA have something called a NOTAM, which is notice to airmen, which have to be issued about 28 days in advance of the launch. We're fortunate because we're a commercial company. We can actually invoke them fairly quickly. One of our launch opportunities is in northern Scotland, in Shetland, from the Scotland space site. The weather at this time of year in Scotland is not good. We're fortunate that our chief exec and the board are Spanish. We have some interesting connections through one of our other directors into the Spanish Armada, which is the Spanish Navy. They were doing some exercises off the Canaries about two weeks ago. Through various negotiations, they offered us a frigate on the back of which you can see one of our test balloons. On the back of the boat itself is our test rig with our gondola on one of our rockets, which flies off the back of the boat. It's a small organisation. I'm notionally the principal RF engineer, but with the grey area you can probably tell I've done a lot of things. My main role is three roles, basically. TTC, which is basically telecommunications and commanding of both the rocket and the gondola. The gondola avionics in terms of tracking it, in terms of vertical tracking and horizontal tracking. We've got to find all the bits. We've got to find the balloon. We've got to find the gondola. We've got to find the rocket. In real time, as close as we can get, we're tracking it through GPS and other forms of communications. We predominantly use three mechanisms. Spot tracker, which has its own constellation of satellites. We use iridium through rock block. Dave Ackerman, thank you, Dave, for providing us with a Lora device, which is GPS and Lora transmission. We've been extremely happy with that. One of my roles at the moment is to aggregate all that data so we can get as close as we can once we do a recovery. It's also important for us when we do our high altitude ballooning tests for the university platforms in the UK. We can't go too high and we've got to find it. These people have invested money in terms of their development, so we've got to go and get it. As I said, we've got a large debt of thanks to the hub community in the UK. The image on the top left is of a ground station, a UHF and S-band ground station, which I'm involved with dealing with. We have some dealings in academia with the University of South Wales. We've basically done a deal with them that they can use our ground station if we can put it on their roof. Other people are going to start using it as well. It's a waste of opportunity just to be tracking our stuff, maybe four or five days a year when the opportunity is there for academia to use it many, many times over. Busy Space itself is a very small company, as I've said. We were about 22 at the moment. When I joined a year ago, they were about 12. So it's growing organically at the moment. There will be a step change, probably in about six months, when we start looking into some of our commercial operations. One thing I will say is that we've been very fortunate in that the UK Space Agency has something called spin-turn, which is basically encouraging students to apply for jobs in the space industry. The UK Space Agency goes out to the UK space industry and says, you know, we have some funding available for supporting one or more students in companies. So the industry bids for this opportunity. We bid this year for three proposals in for three projects. The UK Space Agency said you can have one of those and we'll fund that intern for that for the period. So we decided in our own right, we'll fund the other two anyway. So we're now in the process of doing a triage of all the 150 applications for the three positions that we have available to us. I have to say that all the interns we've had over the past four years that have come through the project we've taken on. We're also pleased to say that a high proportion of those are women. We are very, very proud of that. One of the other things we do as well as the raccoon development is some elements of propulsion design. The image on the left hand side is yet another Spanish connection. It's a standard rocket pointing into a blast chamber. So what we were testing here was our arming systems, our saving systems, and our firing systems. It's bolted to the ground. It isn't going to go anywhere except in one line. If you can see carefully, I'm not quite sure how good the lighting in here is. It went out so fast. You can actually see the thrust diamonds on the back of the rocket. It was spectacular. Again, the second image is our launch control that our development from in the Clangbeda. The one on the right hand side is a few milliseconds after the first one. It was the launch to a reasonable height. I won't say it went perfectly. That's all these things. It was a test. We got the elements of the firing and testing and saving and launch, and we actually managed to recover the rocket. The tracking went fairly well. It's a learning experience. We're starting to pick up some commercial customers, mainly by letters of intent at the moment. One of those I can't mention is actually doing business with us. Again, it's a Spanish company because of our connections out there. I can mention All in Space. All in Space are the providers of our ground station. We're talking to them about the aggregation of our ground station into larger networks. We've had a reasonable amount of funding over the years since 2016. As I said, the UK Space Agency have put some money in. We've had other funding from private venture and from agencies. I've mentioned wealth governments and they've provided some funding. An agency in Spain has also provided a significant amount of funding over the past 18 months. As well as Calibri, I've alluded to the fact that we do testing of commercial payloads. This is a spin-off of the original Calibri system and we've called it Hawke. Don't ask me where the names have come from. That's just the name. We use helium balloons, zero pressure balloons. In terms that they don't pop initially, they'll reach a certain height and then float there until we physically tear them down. We have a strip on the side of the balloon which basically we just pull and it opens in below at a given height, which we command. If something's going wrong, we'll tear it down anyway. The image below that is a standard helium balloon, which is what the Hawke community is using in the UK. That's on the top of the hill in Wales and that's the team that's carrying the box that's flying it. We do near-space testing. Customers are commercial. Get them into space quickly. We do high-altitude system testing. Again, it's for emergencies. It's been looking for fishing, illegal fishing, looking for smart agriculture. And finally, the BlueJay program, which is the program for universities. This was a launch about 12 months ago. Students in the hangar put in the bits together finally, putting it onto our launch platform, filling the balloon. Early morning, you can tell very much. There's a string of balloons in the background. This is the actual launch or just before launch. We use a lot of tools and software for the things we do. We do flight safety, we do situation awareness, and we do interesting projects like guided paraphoils. Things you don't want to do. This isn't us. These are some pictures taken off the internet looking at balloons, rockets on parachutes, and people running away from launches. I kid you not. This is actually what. The video with the launch running away is quite spectacular. I'll swear the rocket bounce sideways. Well, that's me. It's been very short and sweet. If you want to find out more, I'll be at the AMSAT 10 at the top of the field for today and most of tomorrow. Come talk to me about B2 space and come talk to me about amateur radio satellites. And that's it. Thank you very much.