 Gold-based structures such as nanoparticles, NPs, and nanowires, NWs, have widely been used as building blocks for sensing devices in chemistry and biochemistry fields because of their unusual optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. This article gives a detailed review of the new properties and fabrication methods for gold nanostructures, especially gold nanowires, GNWs, and recent developments for their use in optical and electrochemical sensing tools, such as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, SERS. This article was authored by Yuan Chaozheng, Wendy Chu, Ali Reza Debaji Foroshani, and others.