 Hello everyone and welcome to the class. We have been doing a lot of things in Japanese. We have done verbs, nouns, expressions, new vocabulary every day, lot of kanji characters. Today also we will do something new, some new forms of verbs, some new expressions. But before that we will try to do our assignments that I had given you. Just check your assignments and see whether what you have done is right or not. So the first assignment over here is look at a calendar and practice verbs and dates with your partner by inviting them to do various things during the holidays. So the pictures are over here for you, lot of pictures are given, date is given, the verb is given and you have to practice with your partner and ask them whether they want to do these things or not. So well, the first one over here is roku-gatsu-jigonichi, kai-obi, ega-omimasenka. So well, over here the subject is I which is hidden and you do not have to say watashi to issho ni ega-omimasenka. Ega-omimasenka will suffice. So well, this is how you can practice over here and ask your partner and learn new verbs and new words. The second one is a conversation between two people. It was an audio exercise where you were to listen to the conversation and do the questions here. So well, now you can read the conversation as well and then do the questions here. Arun-san wa mainichi benkyou shimasu ka? Arun-san wa ichinichi juu benkyou shimasu ka? Gozen nanji kara nanji made benkyou shimasu ka? Gogomo sanjikan benkyou shimasu ka? Arun-san wa mainichi nanjikan benkyou shimasu ka? So these are the questions. I am sure you would have done them correctly. So well, you can check with your partners as well now and see what you have done. The third assignment here is choose the correct reading for the kanji characters. Now we have done a lot of kanji characters as you know in our previous lessons and some of them are listed here for you. You have to choose the correct one. The reading is given over here in Hiragana as well as in Roman. So well, the first one is as you can see in green ue which means on top or above or up. The second one is again in green shita which means down, under or below beneath. Then naka which means inside or passing through or center. Then you have han which means half and then we have dai. The reading given is dai. It also means oki which is big. So I hope you got this right. Then of course we have been doing this all along match the kanji characters in column A with column B. So the first one is daigaku, tensha, kyou, akarui, ashita, oki, juugatsu, mikka and the last one is suitachi. So I am sure you have done them properly and correctly. Well now in our previous lesson we did telephone conversation informal and formal. How you would talk on the phone to a friend one? How you would inquire in an office at a reception about someone? If you want to call someone over you want to know whether the person is there or not? How would you call on phone? So we did some part last time. This time again we are going to do some formal phone conversation. So let us see what it is. You can see this picture over here. Two people are talking and let us see what they have to say. Moshi-moshi of course we did. Moshi-moshi is hello. Only on the phone please remember it is not hello as you would say how are you to someone. Hello how are you is not moshi-moshi it is something else. We have done those expressions earlier over here only moshi-moshi which is to be used on the phone for hello. Now the formal way of telling who you are is arun to moshimasu. Now watashi wa arun desu. You can also say this on the phone arun to moshimasu. I am arun or arun to imasu. I am called arun. So please a better way would be arun to moshimasu on the phone and then if you want to call someone say may be your friend you want to inquire whether the friend you want to know about is in office or in that place or not. What would you say now? Mariko san onegai shimasu. So now onegai shimasu. Onegai shimasu is actually a request. It means please do as the verb says. It is a request. You make a request to the listener to do as the verb is saying onegai shimasu. There are other ways of saying, other ways of requesting as well but for the time being we will do onegai shimasu. Now when you are asking for someone you say Mariko san onegai shimasu or ex san onegai shimasu or e san onegai shimasu whosoever you want to call over on the phone. So now what should the answer be of the receptionist? Well shoushou omachi kudasai please wait for a minute and you go in and the receptionist goes and checks. The telephone operator will go and check whether the person is there or not. So it is shoushou omachi kudasai shoushou omachi kudasai. So well, then what happens? The person goes and checks and comes back on the phone and says something. Now what is that? Sumimasen Mariko san wa kyou yasumi desu. Mariko san wa kyou yasumi desu. Yasumi is a holiday. She is on leave. Mariko san wa kyou yasumi desu or Mariko san wa kyou imasen. Mariko san wa ima imasen. She is not present at the moment. And then what is the reply of the person who is inquiring? Wakarimashita. I have understood. Wakarimashita and then something else is given over here in blue which is shitsurei shimasu. So well shitsurei shimasu has a lot of meanings. One, just shitsurei. Just shitsurei means shitsurei. Just shitsurei means I am sorry, I am leaving, I am sorry, I am late. Any of these meanings could be there. For example, in a meeting if you come late and you want to enter, generally you just can't barge in and you just sit down. You would say, I am sorry, I am late and just make some kind of an action or gesture. Well shitsurei is one word which you can use with shimasu. Shitsurei shimasu, I am sorry for barging in like this or I am sorry for intruding. Sometimes when a lot of times shitsurei is also used when you leave a meeting earlier than the others. Well still people are having the meeting and you want to leave you have some work or for whatever reason and before leaving you would say shitsurei shimasu please excuse me I am leaving a little earlier. Another place where you generally would use shitsurei shimasu is when you enter a Japanese house. Generally when you enter someone's house you apologize before entering and you say shitsurei shimasu, I am sorry I am intruding like this, I am taking your time and when you leave then you would say shitsurei shimashita. That I have taken your time please forgive me I am sorry. So this is a very nice expression to know to remember when you are in Japan dealing with Japanese. It is a polite expression also sometimes shitsurei shimasu is used in place of sayonara. Sayonara I am sure you all know sayonara is bye bye in Japanese and sometimes the Japanese people use shitsurei shimasu in place of sayonara. It is more formal and polite. Well onigai shimasu is a convenient phrase used when making a request and generally the person who is listening to or the person whom the request has been made to will say hi wakari mashta I have understood. For example it can be used in a lot of places for example say if you go somewhere you call a taxi. What would you say to the taxi man? Well you would say please drop me to a certain place. So place made onigai shimasu please drop me to this place. So place ex made onigai shimasu it is a request. For example if you are thirsty and you want to have water so you go to a restaurant and you ask for water. So simple mizu onigai shimasu. So these are situations where you can use onigai shimasu for requesting to do something. And over here as I explained to you earlier shitsurei shimasu is an expression used when entering someone's house or entering a room where people are already there or entering or leaving a meeting when it is in progress or you are late you want to apologize for being late or excusing yourself from somewhere from a meeting, from a table, from a conference anywhere and also it is a parting expression instead of sayonara which is commonly used in Japan. And the gesture you make is you bow and you say shitsurei shimasu sorry I am leaving. Now you can also say shitsurei shimasu for example in a situation like this where you are leaving office at 5 o'clock and people are still working in office. So while you are leaving them you want to excuse yourself and you say sorry I am leaving a little earlier than you so shitsurei shimasu. So this gentleman over here can say shitsurei shimasu as is given over here and the person who is here staying back can say well mata aimashou or mata ashita aimashou. This expression we did in the beginning which means let's meet again tomorrow. So this is shitsurei shimasu you can remember that you can use it in a similar situation. Now last time we also did ikimashou if you remember ikimashou which means let us go and when you say let us go you include yourself in the activity and two you also decide for the listener you do not ask for opinion you just decide. So ikimashou is what we did last time but we have something over here ten rankai e ikimashou ka. So well if you just put a ka over here question word ka over here in the end it means shall we go. Now you want the opinion of your partner you want to you are asking your partner and not deciding for your partner so it is shall we go instead of let's go. Ten rankai e ikimashou ka? E ikimashou is exactly high actually and ikimashou yes let's go and you have ten rankai is an exhibition as we did last time. You have some other words also for you some new vocabulary. Undokai sports day bijutsukan art museum cafeteria is a cafe doubutsu en is a zoo hakubutsukan a museum. So well you have these new words for you you can practice with instead of ten rankai you can say undokai e ikimashou ka? Bijutsukan e ikimashou ka? Cafeteria e ikimashou ka? Doubutsu en e ikimashou ka? Hakubutsukan e ikimashou ka? And you can of course add the name of the person and ask him directly and expect an answer. Now we will do something new, I ate bread and eggs today morning. Kesa pan to tamago wo tabe mashita. There are some new things in the conversation listen very carefully to the conversation and then I will explain what it is. Kesa nanjini wo kimashita ka? Roku jihangoro wo kimashita. Nanjini ga koe kimashita ka? Ichiji hangoro kimashita. Jaa asa gohan wo tabe masen deshita ka? Ie tabemashita yo pan to tamago wo tabemashita. Gyu ni mo nomimashita yo? Mainichi pan to tamago wo tabemashita yo? Ie mainichi tabemashen toki doki tabemasu. So, well the conversation is again between two people A san and B san. I will read it out to you once and let us see how much you have understood. Kesa nanjini wo kimashita ka? Roku jihangoro wo kimashita. Nanjini ga koe kimashita ka? Ichiji hangoro kimashita. Jaa asa gohan wo tabemasen deshita ka? Ie tabemashita yo? Pan to tamago wo tabemashita. Gyu ni mo nomimashita yo? Mainichi pan to tamago wo tabemasu ka? Ie mainichi tabemasen toki doki tabemasu. So, how much did you understand from this? We have done quite a few things over here. Almost all the verb forms over here have been covered. Well, there are a few new words like goro, yo, yo is a particle, to is a particle and toki doki another new word which we will do in this lesson here. Kesa nanjini wo kimashita ka? So, what we can do is, we can quickly go through the translation and then explain what we have to do later. What time did you get up in the morning today? Around 6 o'clock. What time did you come to school? I came around 7 o'clock. Well, then you did not have breakfast today? No, I had eggs and bread for breakfast. In fact, I also had milk. Do you have eggs and bread every day for breakfast? Not every day, sometimes. So, well, this is the translation may not be exact translation, but this is how you would say what is there in the language, in Japanese, like this in English. So, please do not try to translate it word by word. The meaning just might change. Now, what we will do is, we will see what all is there in the lesson. Practice answering with toki doki. Anata wa maishuu ega wo mimasu ka? Maishuu you have done means every week. Anata wa maishuu ega wo mimasu ka? Iie toki doki mimasu. Tokidoki is sometimes. So, well, let us see. Anata wa maishuu niku wo tabemasu ka? Iie toki doki tabemasu. Well, another example for you. Anata wa maishuu kaimono wo shimasu ka? Iie toki doki shimasu. So over here, when you are using this verb shimasu, shimasu will come over here. If you are using mimasu over here, mimasu will come over here. So, please try to do it as is given in the example. You will feel more confident once all of them are done and you will be able to speak in a better way. Do more conversation easily. Tegami, Tegami is a letter. Anata wa maishuu tegami wo kakimasu ka? Let us see what is the verb over here. Kakimasu. Kakimasu is to write. Iie toki doki kakimasu. In the end, we have kabuki and dorama. Kabuki is the traditional drama form of Japanese where it is similar to our, I would say, katakali because only male characters perform in kabuki all the time. Female characters are not there. All female characters are also performed by male characters. So, that is one specialty of kabuki and this is a traditional Japanese drama form. So, let us see what it is. Mimasu. Anata wa maishuu kabuki mimasu ka? Iie toki doki mimasu. Over here, we will practice negative form of the verb with toki doki. So, anata wa mainichi ega wo mimasu ka? Iie mainichi mimasen toki doki mimasu. So, well, anata wa mainichi ega wo mimasu ka? This, you can replace with any name. For example, Tanaka san or imouto or okasan, any of the vocabulary that you have done for person. Then ega wo mimasu ka? Mainichi niku wo tabemasu ka? Niku wo tabemasu. Sake wo nomimasu. We did tegami just now, tegami wo kaki masu. So, in this manner, you can change anata for names over here, any of the vocabulary that you have done. You can use any noun over here like niku, sake, ringo, tegami, kudamono, yasai, any of these that you have done and over here you can change the verb according to what you are doing over here with the noun and ask a question and answer. Now, the options are given over here. Anata wa mainichi ega wo mimasu ka? Iie mainichi mimasen toki doki mimasu. So, well, you can ask like this and you can answer either in masu form or masen form. Of course, over here masen form is given, practices for masen form. So, you can use masen form over here with toki doki. You have done this exercise earlier where you ask preference. A desu ka? B desu ka? If you remember, noun 1 desu ka? Noun 2 desu ka? This is exactly what we have over here. Anata wa mainichi ega wo mimasu ka? Toki doki ega wo mimasu ka? So, toki doki is here in the question over here. You can answer as mainichi mimasu, you can choose, you can say mainichi mimasu or toki doki mimasu. Now, over here mainichi instead of mainichi, we will just now do it there as well. Instead of mainichi, you can replace it with maishuu, maitsuki, maitoshi. Maishuu is every week, maitsuki is every month and maitoshi is every year. Of course, with maitoshi, you cannot say maitoshi ega wo mimasu ka or maitoshi ringou tabemasu ka. Maitoshi kunie kaerimasu ka? You can ask your friend maitoshi kunie kaerimasu ka? You can also ask maitsuki jikkai kaerimasu ka? So, any of these words you can use with nouns, with verbs and make sentences, make conversation. These simple conversations will help you in doing long conversations easily and comfortably without faltering. So, these help a lot. Try doing them at home with a partner, with someone and also try doing it loudly, not inside. Just quietly you mumble something and say you know. No, always whenever you are practicing, try to do it out aloud. Now, we have another practice for you over here. If you remember, we did kara and made with time. Kujikara gojimade, roku-ji kara shichijimade or shichijikara hachijimade, whatever exercise you are doing, whatever your activity you are performing. So, from a certain time till a certain time, a certain activity is done. Now, over here we will do kara and made but from a certain place to a certain place. So, we have place one kara, place two made. Now, what do you want to do with place one kara, place two made? Now, place one kara, place two made nan-jikan kakarimasu ka? For example, kanpur kara, laknau made nan-jikan kakarimasu ka? So, now you would say nan-jikan kakarimasu ka? How long does it take from kanpur to laknau? But walking or car or train or something else or cycling probably. So, well we need to tell by what mode of transport it takes a certain number of hours to get from one place to another. So, over here you have a lot of in this exercise over here you have some pictures. You can see the mode of transport and you can try to tell how long it takes from one place to another. So, for example, kanpur kara, kara, place two made, laknau made, kuruma made. We have done de if you remember in our previous lesson kuruma de, hikouki de, fune de by some mode of transport. So, well place one kara, place two made, whatever mode of transport de nan-jikan kakarimasu ka? How long does it take from place one to place two to go by this mode of transport? So, well let us see what it is. You can see a picture of a train over here. Well, kanpur kara laknau made, densha de nan-jikan kakarimasu ka? So, this is a question you can ask, you can inquire. So, well the answer would be ni-jikan desu. Kan you have done earlier, kan means span of time, period of time, ni-jikan desu. Now, we have another picture for you, there is a bus here, same question kanpur kara laknau made, bus de nan-jikan kakarimasu ka? San-jikan desu. Then we have, what mode of transport? Well, we have a cycle. So, jitensha kanpur kara laknau made, jitensha de nan-jikan kakarimasu ka? So, of course, the fastest would be the train, then the bus and then the cycle. So, let us see how long it takes. Roku jikan desu. So, this is how you could tell by what mode of transport how long it takes, kakarimasu. There was a word goro in our conversation and goro means approximate around, but one thing is important, goro is only used for time, approximate time, word goro, only for time. And one important thing with goro is, before that well, juu-ji goro, juu-ichi-ji han goro means 5 minutes plus minus around 11.30, around 10 o'clock or 10.30 or 1 o'clock, 5 minutes plus minus approximately around this time is goro. Now, one important thing you have to remember with goro is, if goro is to be used with time like this, for example, juu-ichi-ji han goro, then particle ni which generally follows time will not be used. For example, watashi wa, for example, watashi wa roku-ji ni okimasu. Watashi wa roku-ji ni okimasu. Watashi wa roku-ji goro okimasu. So, please when you say roku-ji ni okimasu, it is exactly at 6 o'clock. When you say roku-ji goro okimasu, then it is around 6 o'clock and you will notice that it is either ni or goro and not both together. As you can see over here, when time expression is followed by the suffix goro, it indicates approximate time and please only indicates time and not approximate duration of time. So, it is exact time and not ichijikara nijimade goro something like this. No, that is not to be used only for exact time, for indicating time. When goro is used, particle ni will not follow time as I just told you. For example, san-ji goro and suitachi goro. It can also be used for exact date. You have this picture over here. You can ask nan-ji goro nemasuka and whatever time is there in the watch over here. You can tell or whatever time you sleep, you can say juu-ichi-ji goro or ichijigoro or ichiji-han goro nemasu. Now, we have another picture over here of someone getting up nan-ji goro okimasu ka? What time do you get up? Approximately, what time do you get up? Someone cleaning and nan-ji goro sou-ji o-shimasu ka? So, what time do you clean? So, this is how you can use goro instead of ni for approximate time. Now, there was another particle, a new particle for you, particle tou. Not too please particle tou. Last time we did soshite if you remember, which joins sentence 1 with sentence 2 like this. Soshite sentence 2 and it is a conjunction used as a conjunction unlike English, it begins the sentence. Well, over here tou is also and but it joins one noun to another. For example, in a class all of you are there A san tou, B san tou, C san tou, D san tou, number of students all of them are listed and are present in class. So, this is how you would use particle tou over here. The example is ko-cha tou ko-hi wo nomimasu. I drink tea and coffee and also ringo tou mikan wo tabemasen. I do not eat apples and oranges. So, this is how you would use tou. Only thing with tou is that you have to name all the objects, all the nouns present over there. For example, in class you have to name all the students present in class or if you place a few things on the table whatever is for example, on my table you have to name all the things with tou. Now, look at the picture and ask your partner what they did yesterday, last week, day before and practice negative form of the verb which we have not done so far. So, well you can look at this picture and see what is happening. These people are sitting and they are watching a film, someone is sleeping, someone is crying and well someone is watching. Kino ega wo mimashitaka, kino ega wo mimashitaka, iie mimasen deshita. So, the answer is because he is sleeping, iie mimasen deshita. Now, this is a cake. Keiki wo tabemasitaka, kesa today morning, keiki wo tabemasitaka, iie tabemasen deshita because it is still here so tabemasen deshita. And then, we have this cup of tea. It is full. So, well, kino okohi wo nomimashitaka, iie nomimasen deshita. So, this is how you would use negative past with sen-shu, sen-get-su, kyounen. With these words you would use past and past. Well, now, yes, there was one more particle in the conversation which came in the end. There are two particles which we have already covered in class which come in the end of a sentence. We did ka, we did ne, a confirmation particle. Now, today we will do particle yo, like ka and ne. This also comes right in the end over here. Now, when do you use yo? Well, you have it right here. Yo is a particle of assertion and comes at the end of a sentence. It is commonly used in contradictions, in assurances and warnings indicating that the information provided by the speaker is new. To emphasize information which the listener does not know and it is important to remember that particle yo should not be used in formal situations and also to seniors most of the time, especially to teachers, to people who are senior to you in age or in rank. For example, over here you have ikanai hou ga ii yo. It is better that we do not go. Murishinaide yo, do not stress over work. Now with yo also, the intonation is very different. It is stress on a subject, it could be stress on anything and stress on particle yo as well. For example, ima nanji desu ka? You have done nanji, ima nanji desu ka? Ima rokuji desu yo, so that yo is very strong. Of course, it is rokuji. So, the stress is over there with yo. Generally, ladies do not use this, but nowadays, the younger generation does use yo a lot. But generally, yo is a male speech particle most of the time. Now we have kanji. We have been doing kanji all along in class. There are new kanji, as I tell you all the time. This is a little different as we have done the word toki doki. You remember this, I am sure. This means nichi. This is dou and this whole thing we did for time. So, well you have done this character earlier. Nichi I am sure you remember as I just told you this and then this over here. And if you just put this again, this is a repetition of this kanji toki doki. I will write it down once again. You can see the stroke order now toki doki. So, this is the word we did. Only the kanji is coming over here for toki doki. Now we have another word, jikan. This word also you have done. You know the word. You have seen the kanji also. Well, next time when you just see this kanji, this character in red over here, you will know what it is. It is jikan. So, I will draw it for you again. Jii we did just now as toki. Now, another reading is jii. One reading we did just now was toki. Another reading is jikan. So, once again jikan. This is how you have done it earlier. Now you do it like this. Remember it as this character jikan for time. Now some very simple kanji is today. Very very simple. Two new characters for you. One is tei, which is hand tei, which is hand and the other one is ashi, which is foot. So, I will make tei for you first. Tei like this, one, two, three and four. Now you will see one is like this, two is a little longer than this and then the third one is the longest of them all and you have it here, a straight one. This is tei or tei. Then we have another one for you ashi, ashi, ashi like this. Make a square, make a line ichi, make another one like this and hito, ashi. So, I think you got the stroke order. See how tei is made. You have one, two, then you have three and then one, two, three and four. So, this is how it is made. The tei is there and then that is how it is divided. You can see it tei and then ashi, one, two, three, then you have four, five, six and then the last one, seven. So, now you can see that this is a seven stroke character and tei, which I made over here is a four stroke character. You can remember it like this as well. A four stroke character and a seven stroke character, ashi. Now, as we have started doing hiragana from our previous lessons, well, we did a-i-u-a-o last time. Today we have ka, ki and you can see the stroke order is given very nicely, ki and this small thing, when you lift your pen or you lift your brush, this is what comes and it gives a nice look to the character, ke and then ko. So, well, this is hiragana. Practice your hiragana and write it properly. Ka, ki, ku, ke and ko. This is all together so that you can compare the strokes as well. Now, there are some new kanji characters. Well, I will go over it very quickly. Tokei, aida, machigai, the meanings are given over here in the right column. Then, maniau. Maniau is when you are getting late and you are able to make it, that is maniau. Ashiato, tariru, tebukuro, tegami. Then, this is vocabulary. Kesa, tokidoki, ban, yonaka, kakarimasu, kusuri, doubutsu en, hakubutsukan, kabuki. Of course, now it is your part. You have to do all the assignments now. It is not very difficult. Some words are given. Then, the readings in Japanese are given. There is only one correct reading. You have to tick the correct reading for school. So many are given, which is the correct one. So, try doing that. Then, of course, as we did previously, kanji is given and you have to get the correct reading of the kanji character. Now, some sentences are given and you have to fit in the correct kanji, which goes with the meaning of the sentence, which is the most appropriate kanji character and which gives a meaning to the sentence as well. Then, match words in group A with meanings in group B. This is in Roman. The words are Japanese and this is the English meanings. And of course, fill in the brackets with appropriate particles, verbs and question words. They are all given in the brackets. You have to check out the correct, tick the correct word. And then, there is a small conversation for you. Listen to this conversation. And answer the questions given over here. I am sure you will be able to do it. It is not very difficult. So well, we will keep our lesson till here today and do whatever we have to do next time. Enough for today. Practice all of this at home and learn your vocabulary and we will continue next time. So, minasan mata ashita aimashou. Arigatou gozaimasu. Thank you.