 Nanofibrillated cellulose NFC has seen increased interest in recent decades due to a time mechanical reinforcement and barrier properties which have led to new high-value applications. Chemical surface modification of NFC is a key factor in achieving compatibility with different matrices and adding new functions while preserving its intrinsic nanofiber properties. This review provides an overview of all chemical grafting strategies used on NFC including physical adsorption, molecular grafting and polymer grafting for surface modification. This article was authored by Julian Bras, Mohammed Nasser Belvisum and Karim Misoum.