 Cell adhesion is a fundamental process that allows cells to attach to each other or to their surrounding environment. It is critical for many biological processes, such as cell migration, proliferation and differentiation. Researchers have developed techniques to study cell adhesion on artificial surfaces, which can mimic the properties of natural extracellular matrices. These studies provide insight into the factors that influence cell behavior and how to control it, such as cell adhesion, orientation, migration and differentiation. This article was authored by Kai Xu Xiang, Wu Chuan Xiang, Yang Wen Guang and others.