 A very good evening aspirants welcome to the Hindu newspaper analysis brought you by Shankar IA's academy for the day 1st of June 2022 displayed here are the list of news articles that I have chosen for today's discussion see today all the four topics are very very relevant for your upcoming preliminary examination in today's discussion I had made a point to enable you to revise certain factual topics also I had taken few other topics to give you awareness of those things which may be straightly put forward as a preliminary question for you okay so without wasting much time now let's get into the first news article discussion now have a look at this news article this news article mentions that the demands of the endosulfon victims remain unfulfilled we will see what is the issue but before that what is this endosulfon endosulfon appears as a brown or colorless crystalline solid with a pungent order it is used as a pesticide particularly it is a broad spectrum organochlorine this pesticide works as an insecticide and acrycite see insecticide means it kills the insects that are detrimental for crops and acrycide means it kills the subclass of arachnids which is acary okay this acary subclass includes ticks and mites also this endosulfon is volatile and persistent so it reminds in air water sediment and biota plus it also has the potential to bioaccumulate in aquatic and terrestrial organisms bioaccumulation refers to the gradual buildup of a chemical in a living organism over time so what is the issue with this pesticide the main issue is it is toxic by inhalation skin absorption or ingestion and causes many health issues it's persistent and bioaccumulating nature further aggravates the problem due to this it has negative impacts on humans in humans it leads to neuro behavioral disorders cognitive disorders hydrocephalus mental retardation cancer at younger ages and other severe lifelong illness among female children see hydrocephalus is a condition that increases pressure within the head and makes the head to grow in abnormal size and this leads to brain damage and ultimately death endosulfon also causes abnormalities related to male reproductive system see it also impacts environment and other organisms it leads to mass deaths of bees fishers birds and also causes congenital deformities and domestic animals such as cows so now what is the news background see endosulfon was used in certain districts of kerala and karnataka it was used by way of aerial spraying over the cashew plantation since late 1970s aerial spraying led to increased exposure to endosulfon but the problem is only 1990s it was found that the pesticide is toxic to human beings and environmental ecology in kerala and karnataka it caused congenital abnormalities in humans and children were born with birth defects and deformities many children became mentally retarded and fully bedridden so after realizing its effects first the kerala high court banned the sale and use of endosulfon in kerala in 2002 then the kerala state government banned it in 2003 it also provided various benefits to the victims such as financial assistance, freeration, treatment, pension, education and scholarship etc etc but the central government did not believe that endosulfon causes problems so it even opposed to list endosulfon as the nxa chemical and the stock home convention on persistent organic pollutants see if a chemical is listed in the nxa to the convention then the parties to the convention must take measures to eliminate the production and use of such chemicals India is a party to the convention but it did not vote for listing endosulfon as nxa chemical taking cognizance of the serious impacts of endosulfon the national human rights commission also made several recommendations in 2010 mainly it asked central government to take administrative and legislative action to ban endosulfon then second lead also recommended to establish a centrally sponsored palliative care center or hospital thirdly it asked the state government to provide compensation ranging from 3 to 5 lakhs see after this supreme court intervened and passed an added interim order in 2011 which banned the production sale and use of endosulfon in the country till further orders are passed but the news is the recommendations have not been implemented and even the compensation is provided only to few victims so that's all about this news article see this is a issue that has spoken for a long time and it has seen in news frequently so just being aware of this kind of chemical which creates so many issues especially health issues and environmental issue will be very much useful for attempting your science-based preliminary question okay and just this awareness will help you attempt a question that's why we took this topic and discussed it in an elaborate way for your preliminary point also we discussed about the issue because you can use these points no to enhance your main's answer that is why we gave the recommendations of the national human rights commission these points all know you can use to enhance your main's base questions okay so these key points in mind now let's move on to the next news article discussion have a look at this news article the 118th meeting of the permanent indus commission took place in delhi on may 30 and 31 this news article is about this meeting according to the ministry of external affairs statement the meeting regarding the indus water treaty was cordial the ministry also noted that the annual report of last year was finalized and signed during this meeting this is about the news article see in this context let us revise about the river indus and the indus water treaty both in prelims perspective okay see this is very much important for your upcoming preliminary examination so kindly pay attention to this discussion and note each and every point in this discussion it is absolutely going to be useful for your preliminary exam first let us take up the indus river the indus also known as the sindhu is the western most of the Himalayan rivers in india the indus originates from the vokarchu glacier in northern slopes of mount kailash which is 6714 meter height after originating in mount kailash the river then flows through the trans-Himalayan ranges of karakoram ladak and zaskar and finally through the great Himalayan ranges in Tibet indus is known as singhikamban or lion's mount after flowing in the northwest direction between the ladak and zaskar it passes through ladak and baltistan it cuts across the ladak range forming a spectacular gorge near gilgith in jamun kashmir indus enters pakistan in the dardistan region note here the indus flows in india only through the leh district in jamun kashmir the indus receives a number of Himalayan tributaries such as the shayok the gilgith the zaskar the hunza the nubra the shigar the gasting and the dras the indus river finally emerges from the hills near a talk in pakistan where it receives the Kabul river on its right bank the other important tributaries joining the right bank of the indus of the kuram the tochi the gomal the vubua and the zangar they all originate in the sulayman regions in the afghanistan the indus river then flows southward and receives the panjanad a little above the methan coat note that the panjanad is the name given to the five rivers of panjab who are they they are the sattelaj the bees the ravi the channab and the jalam before we see about the major tributaries of indus let us see about the drainage pattern of the indus river like most of the Himalayan river the river has antecedent drainage what is antecedent drainage see antecedent drainage or inconsequent drainage is formed when the flow of the river is obstructed by an upliftment of landmass this is due to erosion by the river even after the upliftment the river still follows the same slope the antecedent drainage has features like deep gorges see in the case of Himalayan rivers they were flowing into the tethysae before the indus australian plate collided into the uration plate these rivers had a source in the tibetan region and they were draining into the prehistoric tethysae once the indian plate collided with the uration plate the Himalaya started racing the rate at which the Himalaya rose was lesser than the rate of undercutting or vertical erosion done by the Himalayan rivers this is the reason for the Himalayan rivers including indus having antecedent drainage hope you guys understood the basics about antecedent drainage and the reason for indus to have antecedent drainage now let us move on to the tributaries of indus first let us take up jalam where does it originate jalam rises from a spring at verinag verinag is situated at the foot of the pyrpanjal range in the southeast and part of the kashmir valley here pyrpanjal is a part of the middle Himalayas jalam flows through shrinagar and the ulu lake before entering pakistan through a deep narrow gorge now what is a gorge gorge is a narrow deep valley formed by the erosive activity of a river see the jalam forms a natural boundary between india and pakistan after entering pakistan the jalam river joins the chenab near jang in pakistan now let us move on to the chenab river first note that the chenab is the largest tributary of the indus chenab river originates from the zaskar range in lahul spiti which is near the baralacha pass in himachal pradesh it is formed by two streams the chandra and the baga these both know will join at tandi near kelong in himachal pradesh hence chenab is also known as chandra baga okay the river flows for 1080 kilometer before entering into pakistan like we already saw the chalam river joins the chenab near jang in pakistan now let us take river ravi ravi originates west of the rothang pass in the kulu hills of himachal pradesh the river flows through the chamba valley of himachal pradesh in india it flows between the pirpangal range and the davlada range we saw pirpangal range is a part of the middle himalayas right davlada is also a part of middle himalayas river ravi also forms a natural border between india and pakistan okay see the river enters pakistan and merges with the chenab river near sarai sindhu in pakistan okay now let us take up river bees the river bees originates from the bees kund near the rothang pass at an elevation of 4,000 meter above the mean sea level the river flows through kulu valley and forms gorgeous at kathi and largi in the davlada range it enters the panja plains where it meets the sattlage near harikish the sattlage originates in the rakhas lake near mansoorovar which is at an altitude of 4,555 meter in tibet in tibet sattlage is also known as lanchen kambab initially the river flows almost parallel to the indias for about 400 kilometer before entering india sattlage enters india by forming a gorge at rupar himachal pradesh it passes through the shipkilla on the himalayan rangers and enters the panja plains note that this river feeds the canal system of the bakaranangal project see this is all you have to know about the indias river system for preliminary examination see each and every point can be easily put into a preliminary type of question so now let's continue the discussion with the indias river water treaty in a brief manner see the treaty was signed at karachi by field marshal muhammad ayub khan who is the then president of pakistan and shri jarlal neru who is the then indian prime minister and mr wab illif of the world bank this was signed on 19th september 1960 the treaty however was effective from first april 1960 according to the treaty india has absolute control of all the waters of eastern rivers while if you ask me about pakistan it shall receive for unrestricted use of all those waters of the western rivers which india is under obligation to let flow beyond the permitted uses here the eastern rivers will be ravi bees and sattlage and what about the western rivers it includes indus jalam and chinam see this point is very much important for your prelims questions what is that india is having absolute control of all the waters of the eastern rivers while pakistan is having control over the western rivers okay then according to the treaty india and pakistan undertook to establish a permanent post of commissioner for indus waters the two commissioners constitute the permanent indus commission each commissioner will be the representative of a government for all matters arising out of this treaty the important role played by the permanent indus commission is the implementation of the treaty so these are some of the basic point that you have to know about the indus water treaty in preliminary perspective so that's all about this news article in this discussion we saw about the indus water its tribute trees and what are all the points that are mentioned here in this discussion is going to be very very useful for your preliminary examination because these are all the facts that you can revise for your upcoming preliminary exam and note that all these points are straightforwardly mentioned in your ncrt books so utilize this opportunity to revise this entire topic let's hope that a question is straightforwardly asked from this topic okay so with these key points in mind now let's move on to the next news article discussion look at this article this is with reference to the demand of delhi home minister satyendra jane to enforcement directorate custody this is done by a special cbi court on tuesday this was done after his arrest in a money laundering case see let us not get deep into the issue instead let us utilize this opportunity to learn about the enforcement directorate in prelims perspective okay see the directorate of enforcement that is ed is a law enforcement agency and economic intelligence agency it is responsible for enforcing economic laws and fighting economic crimes in india it is a specialized financial investigation agency and it is under the department of revenue which is under the ministry of finance it enforces certain laws what are they the first law is foreign exchange management act 1999 that is fema it is a civil law now officers are empowered to conduct investigations into suspected contraventions of the foreign exchange laws and regulations and impose penalties on those adjusts to have contravene the law now the second law is prevention of money laundering act 2002 that is pmla it is a criminal law here the officers empowered to provisionally attach or confiscate the asset and to arrest and prosecute the offenders found to be involved in money laundering see the directorate of enforcement was established in the year 1956 with its headquarters at new delhi and it is headed by the director of enforcement besides directly recruiting personnel the directorate also draws officers from different investigation agencies like customs and central excise income tax police etc these are all done on deportations okay there are five regional officers which are at Mumbai Chennai Chandigarh Kolkata and Delhi which are all headed by special directors of enforcement okay as we have seen it is responsible for enforcement of the foreign exchange management act 1999 uncertain provisions under the prevention of money laundering act now you can have a look at some of the other functions of ed see some of the other functions include it should handle adjudication appeals and prosecution cases under the erstwhile ferrah act also which is the ferrah act at 1973 then it should process and recommend cases for preventive detention under the conservation of foreign exchange and prevention of smuggling activities act also okay then it should undertake survey search seizure arrest prosecution action etc against the offender of the pmla offense that i mentioned before see go through these functions because this may be directly put as a preliminary type of question okay so that's our regarding this news article this enforcement directorate is one such body which can be easily put as a preliminary type of question that's why i took this opportunity to discuss this topic today okay so note each and every point in this discussion and make use of it for your revision purpose okay so with these key points in mind now let's move on to the next news article discussion look at this news article the news article discusses about india's position regarding the customs duties moratorium on e commerce trade let us see what this issue is and we'll also see few facts about wto or world trade organization which is very much important for your preliminary examination see the issue here is there exists a moratorium that is temporary ban on imposing customs duties on e commerce or electronic commerce trade its origin can be dated back to 1998 see the 1990s was decayed when e commerce started gaining prominence so due to its growing importance in global trade wto members that is world trade organization members deliberated on the matter at the second ministerial conference held in the year 1998 in jenny was with selen as a result they adopted a declaration on global electronic commerce one of the main aspects of this declaration is it included a so-called moratorium stating that members will continue their current practice of not imposing custom duties on electronic transmission remember this was just a moratorium that is a temporary ban and it was supposed to extend forever one of the reasons for this moratorium was it is technically not possible for the customs to collect duties on digitalized products like software but even after 21 years the moratorium continues it has been extended at every ministerial conference of the wto but due to pandemic the 12th ministerial conference has been postponed for two years and is planned to happen this month we will then know whether it is continued or not but here we have to know what india wants see india wants to remove the moratorium one of the reasons behind this is it leads to tariff revenue losses see customs duty is one of the revenue sources for governments so banners adversely impacting developing countries because they are majorly importers of ecom goods and services according to a un conference on trade and development study in 2017 alone developing countries incurred a us dollar of 10 billion potential tariff revenue loss this is due to the moratorium we will see more about the issue the benefits and disadvantages of the moratorium when the 12th ministerial conference happens okay now as our problems is fast approaching let us see few facts about the world trade organization which will be very much helpful for your preliminary examination see it was created in 1995 by the marakesh agreement of 1994 wto is the only global international organization that deals with the rules of trade between nations but it is not a united nation's body note this point again it is not a un body the primary purpose of the wto is to open trade for the benefit of all so its goal is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly predictably and freely as possible for this it takes up many roles such as it operates a global system of trade roles acts as a forum for negotiating trade agreements then it also settles trade disputes between its members etc etc its headquarters is at jeniva switzerland know that it has 164 member countries which represent the 98 percent of world trade and india is also a member since 1995 and these members only run wto so all major decisions are made by the membership as a whole decisions are a result of negotiations and are normally taken by consensus that is why wto called a member driven consensus based organization okay so that's all about this news article in this news article we saw about the moratorium issue that is going on and then we saw about the wto which will be very much useful for your preliminary examination so these key points in mind now let's move on to the next part of the news article discussion which is the preliminary practice question discussion see today i have two questions for discussion and two question for quiz so now let us see the first practice question it is with regard to the world trade organization it is a three statement question see whenever you have three statement or multiple statement question always try to approach with the last statement or the statement that is present in more number of options so now let me start with the third statement read the third statement its top most decision-making body is the ministerial conference which usually meets every year see here the first part of this statement is correct that is the ministerial conference is the top most decision-making body of the world trade organization or wto that part is correct but it meets every two years and not every year so that part is wrong so this statement is incorrect when you know that statement three is incorrect you can eliminate two options here what are those option a and b can be eliminated now you have two more options in that you can very well know that statement two is present in both the options so straight away go read the first statement and see whether it is correct or incorrect now look at the first statement it is an outcome of uruguay round negotiations see this statement is correct uruguay round which lasted from 1986 to 1994 only led to the wto's creation and its rules and this resulted in the marakesh agreement that i mentioned during the discussion okay so statement one is correct now read the question carefully the question is demanding for correct statement so your answer here will be option c one and two only are the correct statements okay now look at the second question see this second question is taken from the 2021 upsc problems i took this question based on our indus river system discussion see whenever your thorough about the facts that too these questions are directly taken from the ncrt book so i took this opportunity to show you that how relevant is our discussion today with respect to your upsc preliminary examination now read this question with reference to the indus river system of the following four rivers three of them pour into one of them would join the indus direct among the following which is one such river that joins the indus direct so here four options are present what are they option a chenna b jelam option c ravi and option d is satellite now before telling the answer for this question look at this map see in our discussion we saw that jelam joins the chenna b neer jang in pakistan and we also saw that ravi joins the chenna b neer sarai sindhu and if you look closely you can see that chenna b joins sattledge finally the sattledge is the one that joins indus so the map is clearly showing that it is sattledge that joins indus river directly okay so what is the answer for this question yes you're right the answer for this question is option d sattledge okay see if you have any doubt regarding this question go back to the indus river system discussion here at one more time and note all the key points mentioned in that then come back to this question and approach this question again okay now displayed here are two quiz question see one question is regarding the enforcement directorate and these statements are clearly discussed in our discussion itself so if you are clearly understood what we have discussed you can easily eliminate and find the correct answer see be careful with the question it is demanding for incorrect statement so find the correct answer and post it in the comment section okay and our next question is very very easy because both these points I had discussed in my today's endosulfan discussion itself if you have clearly listened to it then it's a very very easy thing I had mentioned these two as quiz question because you can recollect the points and be aware of both the topics okay go through both the questions and post your answers in the comment section the correct answer for this will be posted in the next 24 hours okay and with this we have come to the end of the news article discussion today if you like this video do like share and comment and don't forget to subscribe to the Shankara Eze Academy's YouTube channel thank you for listening